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NEST 2025: Exam Date, Application Form, Eligibility, Pattern, Admission Process

Updated on 17th September, 2024 by Vishwas Garia

About NEST 2025

NISER Bhubaneswar, in collaboration with UMDAE CEBS Mumbai will release the NEST 2025 notification schedule in February, in online mode. The NEST 2025 application form will be released in April, on the official website - nestexam.in. Students can apply for the NEST exam 2025 by submitting the application form before the deadline. 

The NEST exam will be held in June 2025, by the conducting body. Applicants can make changes in the NEST 2025 application correction window by using their login credentials. The conducting body will issue the NEST admit card 2025 in May, through online mode. 

The NEST 2025 result will be declared in July, in the form of a scorecard. Students can download the NEST scorecard 2025 by using their login credentials on the official website. Along with the NEST result 2025, the conducting body will also release the NEST merit list 2025. Candidates should meet the NEST 2025 cut off to qualify for admissions in the participating universities.

NEST Full Form

NEST stands for National Entrance Screening Test, conducted by the National Institute of Science Education and Research NISER Bhubaneswar and Mumbai University - Department of Atomic Energy Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences (UM-DAE CEBS), Mumbai.

What is NEST Exam?

National Entrance Screening Test (NEST) is a national-level compulsory entrance exam for admission in the Integrated MSc program at NISER, Bhubaneswar, and UM-DAE CEBS, Mumbai. NEST is conducted jointly by the (NISER), Bhubaneswar and Mumbai University - Department of Atomic Energy Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences (UM-DAE CEBS), Mumbai. Candidates who are curious to learn about the NEST exam is for which course; a list is provided below. The NISER exam will be conducted annually in online mode for Integrated MSc program:

The participating institutions of NEST 2025, the National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), Bhubaneswar and University of Mumbai- Department of Atomic Energy Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences (UM-DAE CEBS) Mumbai will conduct the counselling separately for admissions to their programmes. 

NEST 2025 Admission Process

The NEST 2025 admission process involves five steps. To begin, applicants must apply for the NEST exam 2025. The second step is to qualify for the NEST exam. After passing the NEST entrance exam, candidates will participate in the NEST counselling, conducted by universities. Finally, they must pay the requisite fee to take admission. This summarises the NEST examination process for 2025. The NEST admission process varies for different NEST exam colleges.

NEST Contact Information

Contact details - 

Email ID - nest-exam@niser.ac.in

Helpline - 0674-2494044

Read more

NEST 2025 Highlights

Full Exam Name
National Entrance Screening Test
Short Exam Name
NEST
Conducting Body
National Institute of Science Education and Research
Frequency Of Conduct
Once a year
Exam Level
National Level Exam
Languages
English
Mode Of Application
online
Application Fee
Online : 1400
Mode Of Exam
online
Mode Of Counselling
online +1 more
Participating Colleges
1
Exam Duration
3 Hours 30 Minutes

Candidates who meet the NEST eligibility criteria 2025, set by NISER Bhubaneswar and UM-DAE CEBS, will appear for the National Entrance Screening Test (NEST). If a candidate fails to meet the NEST 2025 eligibility criteria, their candidacy will be cancelled by the authorities. Those who qualify for the NEST and fulfill the NEST eligibility criteria 2025 will be offered admission to five-year integrated MSc programmes provided by NISER Bhubaneswar and UM-DAE CEBS.

NEST 2025 Eligibility Criteria 

  • Qualifying Exam: To be eligible to appear for NEST entrance exam aspirants must have qualified Class 12th exam form Science stream or have been appearing in Class 12th exam, from a recognized board by the Indian government. Furthermore, candidates are required to have passed Class 12th in the years 2024/2025 or must be appearing for the exam in 2025. 

  • Qualifying Exam Marks: Every applicant must fulfil the marks required for NEST exam 2025. Candidates who belong to the general category are required to have a minimum aggregate of 60% in the Class 12th examination, whereas candidates belonging to reserved categories such as SC/ST/PwD only need to score 55% aggregate in Class 12th. 

  • Lower Age Limit: The authorities will laid out the lower age limit NEST which candidates have to satisfy to attempt the entrance exam. The lower age limit set by the authorities varies for candidates as per the category they belong to. Candidates belonging to the General and OBC category must have been born on or after August 1, 2002, while candidates of SC/ST/PwD categories are given a relaxation of 5 years such that they must have been born on or after August 1, 1997.

The NEST 2025 application form will be released in April, in online mode. Students can fill the NEST application form 2025 till the last date. Applicants can make changes during the NEST correction window 2025. Candidates will need to complete the entire NEST 2025 application process in an online format, from registration through submitting personal information, uploading necessary documents and paying the application fee. Before submitting the NEST application form, candidates must double-check that all details included are accurate. For guidance on how to fill out the NEST 2025 application form, please follow the steps outlined below.

Things to keep ready before filling the NEST Application Form 

  • Valid email ID and mobile number

  • Class 10th mark sheet and certificate 

  • Class 12th mark sheet and certificate 

  • Valid ID proof such as Aadhar Card/Pan Card/Ration Card/Voter ID/Driving License/Passport

  • Scanned copy of recent passport size photograph 

  • Scanned copy of candidate’s signature 

Steps to fill the NEST Application Form 2025

Step 1: Go to the official website - nestexam.in.

Step 2: Click on the 'Apply Online' button, followed by 'New Registration'. 

Step 3: Now register yourself by submitting the required information. 

Step 4: After entering the details, click on 'Register'. 

Step 5: The login credentials will be sent to the registered mobile number and email-Id of the candidate.

Step 6: Candidates can login using their login credentials and fill the NEST application form by filling information and uploading the necessary documents.

Step 7: Now, candidates can proceed on to pay the application fee through credit card/debit card/net banking and then submit the application fee.

NEST Question/Sample Papers

Candidates can download NEST Question/Sample Papers from here.

Download Now

Documents Required at Exam NEST 2025

National Entrance Screening Test 2025

  • NEST Admit Card
  • A valid Photo ID Card (School ID or any other government issued photo ID proof)

NEST 2025 Exam Centers

StateCity
Andhra Pradesh
Guntur
Kakinada
Kurnool
Nellore
Rajahmundry
Tirupati
Vijayawada
Visakhapatnam
Vizianagaram
Assam
Guwahati
Bihar
Patna
Chandigarh
Chandigarh
Chhattisgarh
Bhilai
Raipur
Delhi
New Delhi
Uttar Pradesh
Noida
Allahabad
Kanpur
Lucknow
Varanasi
Gujarat
Ahmedabad
Himachal Pradesh
Hamirpur
Shimla
Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu
Samba
Srinagar
Jharkhand
Bokaro
Dhanbad
Jamshedpur
Ranchi
Karnataka
Bangalore
Hubballi
Mangalore
Mysore
Kerala
Alappuzha
Ernakulam
Idukki
Kannur
Kasaragod
Kollam
Kottayam
Kozhikode
Malappuram
Palakkad
Pathanamthitta
Thiruvananthapuram
Thrissur
Madhya Pradesh
Bhopal
Gwalior
Indore
Jabalpur
Maharashtra
Mumbai
Nagpur
Pune
Manipur
Imphal
Meghalaya
Shillong
Odisha
Angul
Balasore
Bargarh
Baripada
Berhampur
Bhubaneswar
Cuttack
Dhenkanal
Jharsuguda
Khurda
Rayagada
Rourkela
Sambalpur
Punjab
Bathinda
Jalandhar
Mohali
Rajasthan
Jaipur
Udaipur
Jodhpur
Tamil Nadu
Chennai
Coimbatore
Madurai
Salem
Tiruchirappalli
Tirunelveli
Telangana
Hyderabad
Karimnagar
Warangal
Tripura
Agartala
Uttarakhand
Dehradun
Haldwani
Roorkee
West Bengal
Asansol
Burdwan
Durgapur
Hooghly
Kolkata
Siliguri
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The National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) sets the NEST exam pattern every year, and all the details can be found on the official website. In 2025, the NEST entrance exam will be held in approximately ninety exam centers. It is important that candidates go through the NEST exam pattern 2025 to gain an understanding of the question paper's structure and format. The NEST exam pattern consists of various important details about the entrance exam such as its duration, mode, number of sections, medium, total marks, and marking scheme.

The NEST 2025 question paper consists of four sections, four subject sections with single or multiple MCQ-type questions. According to the NEST exam pattern, candidates can attempt as many subject sections as they desire (beyond the compulsory three). To determine the final result of NEST 2025, the best of the three subject sections scores and general section scores are taken into account. Therefore, it is highly recommended that candidates check the NEST exam pattern 2025 to gain a better understanding of the question paper.

NEST 2025 Exam Pattern  

Particulars 

Details 

Exam duration 

3.5 hours 

Type of questions 

Multiple type questions 

No. of sections 

4

Total marks 

150 

Marking scheme 

1/4 marks for every incorrect responses

NEST Subjects 2025

Section

Number of MCQ

Biology*

50 (Single or multiple correct answers) 

Chemistry*

50 (Single or multiple correct answers)

Physics*

50 (Single or multiple correct answers)

Mathematics*

50 (Single or multiple correct answers)

Note: At least three of these subject sections need to be attempted. 

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NEST 2025 Syllabus

NEST 2025 National Entrance Screening Test 2025

Biology: Unit 01


Cell biology
  • Cell theory and cells as unit of life
  • Basic concepts of biomolecules-proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
  • Tools and techniques of cell studies-use of microscope and calibration (microscopy), elements of microscope
  • Biomembranes-transport mechanism, cellular respiration
  • Cell organelles-structure and functions
  • Discovery and structure of DNA, processes of replication, transcription, genetic code and translation
  • Principles of the basic techniques in molecular biology
  • Enzymes-catalysis, kinetics, activation energy, competitive, and non-competitive inhibition

Biology: Unit 02


Genetics and evolution
  • Fundamentals of genetics and evolution
  • Evidences and theories of organic evolution
  • Organization of the hereditary material in chromosomes
  • Equational division
  • Reduction division
  • Mitosis and meiosis compared, and contrasted
  • Significance of meiosis
  • Mendel's laws of inheritance
  • Discovery of linkage, sex-linked inheritance
  • Crossing-over, stage at which crossing-over occurs
  • Neurospora genetics
  • Mutation-discovery, types of mutation, and mutations in diploids
  • Role of mutations in evolution
  • Elaboration of mendel's laws of inheritance
  • Monohybrid or dihybrid crosses
  • Human genetics-human chromosomes, sex-determination, sex-linked inheritance

Biology: Unit 03


Ecology
  • Physical and biological factors in influencing organisms
  • Food chains, pyramids of numbers, and biomass
  • Biological equilibrium
  • Interspecific associations
  • Biodiversity
  • Flora and fauna
  • Basics of microbial systems, ecosystems

Biology: Unit 04


Humans and environment
  • Soil, rainfall, and temperature with reference to natural resources
  • Our natural resources-their uses and abuses
  • Environmental pollution and preventive measures
  • Biodiversity and conservation

Biology: Unit 05


Biotechnology
  • Principles of recombinant dna technology
  • Applications of biotechnology

Biology: Unit 06


Biology of animal systems
  • Digestive system: Modes of nutrition. Different vitamin compounds and their deficiencies. Structure of alimentary canal and associated glands, digestive enzymes, and gastrointestinal hormones
  • Digestive system: Absorption of products of digestion, peristalsis, balanced diet
  • Respiratory system: Gaseous exchange in animals. Structure of respiratory organs, mechanism of breathing, gaseous transport, tissue respiration
  • Circulatory system: Open and closed systems. Functions of blood and lymph. Microscopic structure of blood and blood vessels. Structures and working of heart. Distribution of arteries and veins. Circulation of blood coagulation. Blood groups
  • Excretory system: Elimination of nitrogenous waste. Osmoconformers and osmoregulators. Structure and function of kidney tubules. Arrangement of excretory organs
  • Nervous system: General account of brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Reflex actions (simple and conditioned). Sense organs (eye and ear)
  • Reproductive system: Sexual and asexual reproduction. General arrangement and functions of reproductive organs

Biology: Unit 07


Developmental biology
  • Basic features of development in animals
  • Types of eggs, fertilization, cleavage, blastula
  • Stem cells-definition, types, uses, advantages, and disadvantages, induced pluripotent stem cells
  • Different hormones and their roles
  • Diversity of animal life-principles of classification, binomial nomenclature
  • General classification of animal phyla up to classes (invertebrates) and up to sub-classes/ order (vertebrates), general characters of fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals

Biology: Unit 08


Immunology
  • Basics of immune mechanisms and diseases-active and passive immunity, T-and B-cell responses, antigen presentation, principles of vaccination, monoclonal antibodies and their uses, immunology of AIDS

Biology: Unit 09


Biology of plant systems
  • Anatomy and physiology of plants-meristems
  • Plant growth and development
  • Internal and external regulators of growth, and development in plant
  • Plant reproduction
  • Internal structure of root, stem, secondary growth, and leaves
  • Xylem and phloem-their cell elements and functions
  • Internal structure of dicot and monocot leaves
  • Photosynthesis-history, importance, factors, and mechanism, stomatal mechanism, transpiration, and respiration
  • Comparative study of dicot and monocot anatomy
  • Absorption and cell-water relations, transport of water, and minerals, tropic, and turgor movements
  • Significance of life-cycles with special reference to alternation of generations as exemplified in funaria, selaginella, and pinus (no structural details)
  • Plant hormones

Biology: Unit 10


Systematics
  • Principles of classical and new systematics
  • Binomial nomenclature
  • Familiarity with taxa
  • Plant breeding and tissue culture

Chemistry: Unit 01


Physical chemistry
  • Measurements in chemistry: SI units for fundamental quantities, significant figures in calculations
  • Mole concept: Avogadro number and mole concept, molar masses, mole fraction, molarity, molality, percent composition, stoichiometry. Equivalent weight and normality.Calculations based on mole concept and stoichiometry of different reactions
  • Mole concept: Oxidation-reduction reactions
  • Gaseous and liquid states: Absolute scale of temperature. Gas laws, ideal gas equation, real gases and deviation from ideality, liquefaction of gases, Van Der Waals equation
  • Gaseous and liquid states: Kinetic theory of gases; average, root mean square, and most probable velocities and their relation with temperature. Law of partial pressures. Vapour pressure. Diffusion of gases
  • Atomic structure and chemical bonding: Bohr model, spectrum of hydrogen atom, quantum numbers. Wave particle duality, De Broglie hypothesis. Uncertainty principle. Orbitals and quantum numbers; shapes and energy of s, p, and d orbitals
  • Atomic structure and chemical bonding: Electronic configurations of elements (up to atomic number 36), filling of orbitals-Aufbau principle. Pauli’s exclusion principle and Hund’s rule. Hybridization involving s, p, and d orbitals
  • Atomic structure and chemical bonding: Atomic orbital overlap and chemical bonds; ionic, covalent, and coordinate bonds; bond parameters. Orbital energy diagrams for homonuclear diatomic species. Lewis structures. Hydrogen bond
  • Atomic structure and chemical bonding: Polarity in molecules, dipole moment (qualitative aspects). VSEPR theory and shapes of molecules. Valence bond theory. Molecular orbital theory of homonuclear diatomic molecules (qualitative idea)
  • Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic states. First law of thermodynamics. Internal energy, work, and heat, pressure-volume work. Enthalpy and enthalpy change, Hess's law, heat of-reaction, fusion, and vaporisation
  • Thermodynamics: Second law of thermodynamics, entropy, free energy, criterion of spontaneity
  • Chemical equilibrium: Laws of chemical equilibrium, law of mass action. Equilibrium constant-factors affecting equilibrium constant and its applications. Le Chatelier's principle-effect of concentration, temperature, and pressure
  • Chemical equilibrium: Significance of ΔG and ΔG in chemical equilibrium. Relationship of K and ΔG. Ionic equilibrium: Acids and bases (Bronsted and Lewis concepts), salts. Ka, Kb, Kw, degree of dissociation, PH, and their relationships
  • Chemical equilibrium: Ionic equilibrium-solubility product, common ion effect. Hydrolysis of salts. Buffer solutions
  • Electrochemistry: Redox reactions and electrode potential, electrochemical cells, galvanic cells and cell reactions. Standard electrode potential. Nernst equation and its relation to ΔG and K. Electrochemical series, EMF of galvanic cells
  • Electrochemistry: Electrolysis and Faraday's laws of electrolysis. Electrolytic conductance, specific, equivalent, and molar conductivity, Kohlrausch's law. Concentration cells. Batteries (primary and secondary), fuel cells, corrosion
  • Chemical kinetics: Rates of chemical reactions. Order of reaction, rate constant. First order and pseudo first order reactions. Factors affecting rate of reaction-concentration, temperature (Arrhenius equation), catalyst
  • Solid state: Classification of solids, amorphous, and crystalline solids, crystalline state, crystal lattice, and unit cells; seven crystal systems (cell parameters a, b, c, α, β), close packed structure of solids (cubic)
  • Solid state: Packing in fcc, bcc, and hcp lattices. Packing efficiency, nearest neighbours, ionic radii. Simple ionic compounds, imperfection in solids, point defects. Electrical and magnetic properties, band theory of metals
  • Solutions: Solution of solid and gas in liquid. Concentration of solution. Ideal and non-ideal solutions. Colligative properties. Vapour pressure of solution, Raoult's law
  • Solutions: Molecular weight determination from lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point and depression of freezing point. Abnormal molecular mass, Van't Hoff factor. Osmosis-osmotic pressure, reverse osmosis
  • Surface chemistry: Adsorption-physisorption and chemisorptions. Factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids. Adsorption isotherm. Catalysis-homogeneous and heterogeneous, activity and selectivity. Enzyme catalysis
  • Surface chemistry: Colloidal state-types, preparation, and properties of colloids. Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation. Application of colloids. Micelles

Chemistry: Unit 02


Inorganic chemistry
  • Classification of elements and periodicity in properties: Modern periodic table, classification of elements, periodic trends in properties of elements-valence, oxidation state, atomic/ ionic radius, ionization energy, electron gain energy
  • Classification of elements and periodicity in properties: Periodic trends in properties of elements-electronegativity, valency, chemical reactivity. Diagonal relationship. Anomalous behaviours of Li, Be, B, C
  • Hydrogen: Isotopes, preparation, isolation, properties, and uses. Hydrides-ionic, covalent, and interstitial. Properties of water and heavy water. Hydrogen peroxide-preparation, structure, reactions, uses. Hydrogen as fuel cell
  • s-block elements (alkali and alkaline earth elements): General characteristics and trends in properties. Group 1: Preparation, properties, and reactions of alkali metals with emphasis on chemistry of Na and K and their compounds-oxides, peroxides
  • s-block elements (alkali and alkaline earth elements): Group 1: Preparation, properties, and reactions of alkali metals with emphasis on chemistry of Na and K and their compounds-hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates, chlorides and sulphates
  • s-block elements (alkali and alkaline earth elements): Group 2: Preparation, properties, and reactions alkaline earth metals with emphasis on the chemistry of Mg and Ca and their compounds-oxides, peroxides, hydroxides, carbonates, bicarbonates
  • s-block elements (alkali and alkaline earth elements): Group 2: Preparation, properties, and reactions alkaline earth metals with emphasis on the chemistry of Mg and Ca and their compounds-chlorides and sulphates. Uses
  • p-block elements: General characteristics and trends in properties. Group 13: Chemistry of boron and its compounds-borax, boric acid, and diborane. Group 14, 15, and 16: Chemistry of carbon, sulphur, nitrogen and phosphorus. Allotropy
  • p-block elements: Group 14, 15, and 16-chemistry of carbon, sulphur, nitrogen and phosphorus. Allotropy. Chemistry of oxides and oxyacids of these elements. Phosphines, phosphorus chlorides, ammonia, peroxide, and ozone; silicones
  • p-block elements: Group 14, 15, and 16-silicon tetrachloride and silicates. Group 17: Chemistry of halogens, chemistry of chlorine in detail. Interhalogen compounds. HX and oxyacids of halogens
  • p-block elements: Group 18: Isolation, properties, and reactions of inert gases with emphasis on chemistry of xenon
  • d-block elements: General characteristics and trends in properties (mainly 3d elements).. Variable oxidation states and their stabilities, colour (excluding the details of electronic transitions) and calculation of spin-only magnetic moment
  • d-block elements: Catalytic properties. Interstitial compounds, alloy formation. Preparation and properties of potassium dichromate, and permanganate
  • f-block elements: General characteristics and trends in properties (mainly lanthanides). Variable oxidation states. Lanthanide contraction and its consequences
  • Coordination compounds: Nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Isomerism. Hybridization and geometries of mononuclear coordination compounds. Magnetic properties. Werner's theory, VBT, CFT
  • Metals and metallurgy: Occurrence of metals. General methods of extraction involving chemical principles-thermodynamic, electrochemical, and redox principles. General operation stages involved in metallurgical operation
  • Metals and metallurgy: Metallurgy of p-block element (emphasis on Al). Metallurgy of Fe-triad (more emphasis on Fe metallurgy). Metallurgy of coinage metals (Cu, Ag with more emphasis on Cu). Refining

Chemistry: Unit 03


Organic chemistry
  • Basic concept: Representation of organic compounds. Hybridisations of carbon. Sigma and pi-bonds. Shapes of simple organic molecules. Inductive effect, electrometric effect, resonance effect, hyper conjugation. Keto-enol tautomerism
  • Basic concept: Determination of empirical and molecular formulae (only combustion method). Hydrogen bond-definition and effect on physical properties of alcohols and carboxylic acids. Acidity and basicity of organic acids, and bases
  • Basic concept: Methods of purification of compounds
  • Reactive intermediates: Homolytic and heterolytic bond cleavages. Formation, structure, and stability of-carbocation, carbanion, and free radical
  • Isomerism: Structural and stereoisomerism. Geometrical isomerism. Chirality. Enantiomers. Optical isomerism of compounds containing up to two asymmetric centres, (R, S and E, Z nomenclature excluded). Racemic mixture
  • Isomerism: Conformations of ethane and butane (Newman projections)
  • Nomenclature: IUPAC nomenclature of simple organic compounds (only hydrocarbons, monofunctional and bifunctional compounds), including benzene derivatives
  • Alkanes: Preparation, properties, and reactions. Idea of homologous series, combustion, and halogenation of alkanes. Mechanism of photohalogenation, Wurtz reaction
  • Alkenes and alkynes: Preparation, properties, and reactions of alkenes and alkynes. Isomerization. Acidity of alkynes. Acid catalysed hydration of alkenes and alkynes (excluding the stereochemistry), reactions of alkenes with KMnO₄, sulphuric acid
  • Alkenes and alkynes: Reduction of alkenes and alkynes, preparation of alkenes and alkynes by elimination reactions (excluding stereochemistry). Electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes with X2, HX, HOX, and H2O (X=halogen). Makowniko rule
  • Alkenes and alkynes: Peroxide effect. Polymerization of alkenes, addition reactions of alkynes, metal acetylides, ozonolysis
  • Aromatic compounds: Aromaticity. Huckel theory of aromaticity. Structure of benzene. Isomerism in substituted benzenes. Electrophilic substitution reaction on benzene-general mechanism
  • Aromatic compounds: Orientating influence of substituents in electrophilic substitution reaction of monosubstituted benzenes. Electrophilic substitution reactions of benzene and substituted benzenes-halogenation, nitration, sulphonation
  • Aromatic compounds: Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation (no mechanism)
  • Haloalkanes (alkyl halides): Preparation from alkanes, alcohols, olens. Grignard reagents and their reaction with aldehydes/ ketones/ esters/ nitriles. Nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkyl halides with different nucleophilic species
  • Haloalkanes (alkyl halides): SN1 and SN2 reactions with mechanism. Halogen exchange reaction. Polyhalogen compounds
  • Haloarenes: nucleophilic aromatic substitution in haloarenes and substituted haloarenes (excluding Benzyne mechanism and Cine substitution)
  • Alcohols: Preparation from-olens, alkyl halides, carboxylic acids, aldehydes/ ketones. Hydroboration reaction. Dehydration, oxidation to aldehydes and ketones. Reaction with sodium, phosphorus halides, ZnCl₂/ HX, H₂SO₄
  • Alcohols: Identification of p-, sec-,and tert-alcohols. Uses of methanol and ethanol
  • Phenols: Preparation of phenol from halobenzene, cumene, and benzene sulphonic acid. Acidity. Reactions of phenols-halogenation, nitration, sulphonation, with Zn. Reimer-Tiemann reaction, Kolbe reaction
  • Ethers: Preparation by Williamson's Synthesis, dehydration of alcohols. Reaction with H2O, HX
  • Aldehydes and Ketones: Preparation of aldehydes and ketones from-alcohols, olefins, acid chlorides, aryl alkanes, nitriles, esters, Friedel-Crafts reaction. Reactions with-alcohols, HCN, NaHSO3
  • Aldehydes and Ketones: Reactions-oxidation, reduction, oxime, and hydrazone formation. Aldol condensation, Perkin reaction. Cannizzaro reaction. Haloform reaction. Tests to distinguish aldehydes and ketones
  • Carboxylic acids: Acidity and structure, acidity relationship. Preparation of acids. Preparation of amides, acid chlorides, esters, and anhydrides. Ester hydrolysis
  • Carboxylic acids: Reactions of acids with-thionyl chloride, P-halides, ammonia, alkalis, metals, halogens, reducing agents. Decarboxylation. Halogenation
  • Amines: Basicity and structure, basicity relationship. Identification of p-, sec-, and tert–amines. Preparation of amines from-nitro compounds, nitriles, amides, haloalkanes/ aromatic compounds
  • Amines: Reaction with-acids, alkylating agents, acylating agents, nitrous acid. Diazotization of aromatic primary amines-reactions of aromatic diazonium salts-azo coupling reaction, Sandmeyer, and related reactions. Carbylamine reaction of p-amines
  • Carbohydrate: Classification of carbohydrates. Mono-and disaccharides (glucose and sucrose). Characteristic tests. Structure of glucose. Reactions of glucose-oxidation, reduction, hydroxylamine, HI, acetic anhydride. Cyclic structure of glucose
  • Carbohydrate: Structures of-sucrose, maltose, starch, and cellulose. Glycoside formation and hydrolysis of sucrose
  • Amino acids and proteins: α-amino acids. General structure of peptides and proteins. Peptide bond. Characteristic tests. Separation of amino acids using physical properties. Denaturation of proteins. Enzymes
  • Polymers: Classification. Homo and copolymers, addition, and condensation polymerizations. Polythene, nylons, polyesters, bakelite, melamine-formaldehyde, rubber-natural and synthetic

Mathematics: Unit 01


Algebra
  • Algebra of complex numbers, addition, multiplication, conjugation, polar representation, properties of modulus and principal argument, triangle inequality, cube roots of unity, geometric interpretations
  • Quadratic equations with real coefficients, relations between roots and coefficients, formation of quadratic equations with given roots, symmetric functions of roots
  • Arithmetic, geometric, and harmonic progressions, arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means, sums of finite arithmetic and geometric progressions, infinite geometric series, sums of squares and cubes of the first n natural numbers
  • Logarithms and their properties
  • Permutations and combinations, binomial theorem for positive integral index, properties of binomial coefficients
  • Matrices as a rectangular array of real numbers, equality of matrices, addition, multiplication by a scalar and product of matrices, transpose of a matrix, determinant of a square matrix of order up to three
  • Inverse of a square matrix of order up to three, properties of these matrix operations, diagonal, symmetric and skew-symmetric matrices and their properties, solutions of simultaneous linear equations in two or three variables
  • Addition and multiplication rules of probability, conditional probability, Bayes theorem, independence of events, computation of probability of events using permutations and combinations

Mathematics: Unit 02


Trigonometry
  • Trigonometric functions, their periodicity and graphs, addition, and subtraction formulae, formulae involving multiple and sub-multiple angles, general solution of trigonometric equations
  • Relations between sides and angles of a triangle, sine rule, cosine rule, half-angle formula and the area of a triangle, inverse trigonometric functions (principal value only)

Mathematics: Unit 03


Analytical geometry
  • Two dimensions-Cartesian coordinates, distance between two points, section formulae, shift of origin
  • Equation of a straight line in various forms, angle between two lines, distance of a point from a line
  • Lines through the point of intersection of two given lines, equation of the bisector of the angle between two lines, concurrency of lines
  • Centroid, orthocentre, incentre, and circumcentre of a triangle
  • Equation of a circle in various forms, equations of tangent, normal, and chord
  • Parametric equations of a circle, intersection of a circle with a straight line or a circle, equation of a circle through the points of intersection of two circles and those of a circle and a straight line
  • Equations of a parabola, ellipse, and hyperbola in standard form, their foci, directrices and eccentricity, parametric equations, equations of tangent, and normal
  • Locus problems
  • Three dimensions-direction cosines and direction ratios, equation of a straight line in space, equation of a plane, distance of a point from a plane

Mathematics: Unit 04


Differential calculus
  • Real valued functions of a real variable, into, onto, and one-to-one functions, sum, difference, product, and quotient of two functions, composite functions, absolute value, polynomial, rational, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions
  • Limit and continuity of a function, limit, and continuity of the sum, difference, product, and quotient of two functions, L'hospital rule for evaluation of limits of functions
  • Even and odd functions, inverse of a function, continuity of composite functions, intermediate value property of continuous functions
  • Derivative of a function, derivative of the sum, difference, product, and quotient of two functions, chain rule, derivatives of polynomial, rational, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions
  • Derivatives of implicit functions, derivatives up to order two, geometrical interpretation of the derivative, tangents and normals, increasing and decreasing functions, maximum and minimum values of a function
  • Rolle's theorem and Lagrange's mean value theorem

Mathematics: Unit 05


Integral calculus
  • Integration as the inverse process of differentiation, indefinite integrals of standard functions, definite integrals and their properties, fundamental theorem of integral calculus
  • Integration by parts, integration by the methods of substitution and partial fractions, application of definite integrals to the determination of areas involving simple curves
  • Formation of ordinary differential equations, Solution of homogeneous differential equations, Separation of variables method, Linear first order differential equations

Mathematics: Unit 06


Vectors
  • Addition of vectors, scalar multiplication, dot, and cross products, scalar triple products and their geometrical interpretations

Physics: Unit 01


General
  • Units and dimensions, dimensional analysis, least count, significant figures
  • Methods of measurement (direct, indirect, null) and measurement of length, time, mass, temperature, potential difference, current and resistance
  • Design of some simple experiments, such as: i) Searle's method to determine Young's modulus, ii) determination of 'g' by simple pendulum, iii) speed of sound using resonance tube, iv) coefficient of friction using angle of repose
  • Design of some simple experiments, such as: v) Determination of focal length of a convex lens by plotting a graph between 'u' and 'v', vi) refractive index of material of prism using the method of minimum deviation, vii) verification of Ohm's law
  • Design of some simple experiments, such as: viii) Resistance of galvanometer using half deflection method, ix) specific heat of a liquid using calorimeter, x) I-V characteristic curve for p–n junction in forward and reverse bias
  • Graphical representation and interpretation of data
  • Errors in the measurements and error analysis

Physics: Unit 02


Mechanics
  • Kinematics in one and two dimensions (Cartesian coordinates only), projectiles
  • Uniform circular motion
  • Relative velocity
  • Newton's laws of motion
  • Inertial and uniformly accelerated (linear only) frames of reference
  • Static and dynamic friction
  • Kinetic and potential energy
  • Linear and circular simple harmonic motion
  • Work and power
  • Conservation of linear momentum and mechanical energy
  • Systems of particles
  • Centre of mass and its motion
  • Centre of gravity
  • Impulse
  • Elastic and inelastic collisions
  • Law of gravitation
  • Centripetal acceleration and centrifugal force
  • Gravitational potential and field
  • Acceleration due to gravity
  • Motion of planets and satellites in circular orbits
  • Escape velocity
  • Rigid body, moment of inertia, parallel and perpendicular axes theorems, moment of inertia of uniform bodies with simple geometrical shapes
  • Angular momentum, torque
  • Conservation of angular momentum
  • Dynamics of rigid bodies with fixed axis of rotation
  • Rolling without slipping of rings, cylinders, and spheres
  • Equilibrium of rigid bodies
  • Collision of point masses with rigid bodies
  • Hooke's law and stress-strain relations
  • Elastic limit, plastic deformation
  • Young's modulus, bulk, and shear moduli
  • Pressure in a fluid
  • Pascal's law
  • Buoyancy
  • Surface energy and surface tension, capillary rise
  • Viscosity-Stoke's and Poiseuille's law, terminal velocity
  • Qualitative understanding of turbulence
  • Reynolds number
  • Streamline flow, equation of continuity
  • Bernoulli's theorem

Physics: Unit 03


Sound and mechanical waves
  • Plane wave motion, longitudinal, and transverse waves, superposition of waves
  • Progressive and stationary waves
  • Vibration of strings and air columns
  • Resonance (qualitative understanding)
  • Beats
  • Speed of sound in gases
  • Doppler effect

Physics: Unit 04


Thermal physics
  • Thermal expansion of solids, liquids, and gases
  • Calorimetry, latent heat
  • Heat conduction in one dimension
  • Elementary concepts of convection and radiation
  • Newton's law of cooling
  • Ideal gas laws
  • Specific heats (Cv and Cp for monatomic, and diatomic gases)
  • Isothermal and adiabatic processes, bulk modulus of gases
  • Equivalence of heat and work
  • First and second law of thermodynamics and its applications (only for ideal gases)
  • Entropy
  • Blackbody radiation-absorptive and emissive powers
  • Kirchhoff's law
  • Wien's displacement law, Stefan's law

Physics: Unit 05


Electricity and magnetism
  • Coulomb's law
  • Electric field and potential
  • Electrical potential energy of a system of point charges and of electrical dipoles in a uniform electrostatic field; electric field lines
  • Flux of electric field
  • Gauss's law and its application in simple cases, such as to find field due to infinitely long straight wire
  • Uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell

Physics: Unit 06


Capacitance
  • Calculation of capacitance with and without dielectrics
  • Capacitors in series and parallel
  • Energy stored in a capacitor
  • Electric current
  • Ohm's law
  • Series and parallel arrangements of resistances, and cells
  • Kirchhoff's laws and simple applications; heating effect of current
  • Biot-savart's law and Ampere's law
  • Magnetic field near a current carrying straight wire, along the axis of a circular coil and inside a long straight solenoid
  • Force on a moving charge and on a current carrying wire in a uniform magnetic field
  • Magnetic moment of a current loop
  • Effect of a uniform magnetic field on a current loop
  • Moving coil galvanometer, voltmeter, ammeter, and their conversions

Physics: Unit 07


Electromagnetic induction
  • Faraday's law, Lenz's law
  • Self and mutual inductance
  • RC, LR, and LC circuits with AC sources

Physics: Unit 08


Optics
  • Rectilinear propagation of light
  • Reflection and refraction at plane, and spherical surfaces, deviation and dispersion of light by a prism
  • Thin lenses
  • Combination of mirrors and thin lenses
  • Magnification
  • Wave nature of light-Huygens principle, interference limited to Young's double slit experiment
  • Elementary idea of diffraction-Rayleigh criterion
  • Elementary idea of polarization-Brewster's law and the law of Malus

Physics: Unit 09


Modern physics
  • Atomic nucleus
  • Alpha, beta, and gamma radiations
  • Law of radioactive decay
  • Decay constant
  • Half-life and mean life
  • Binding energy and its calculation
  • Fission and fusion processes
  • Energy calculation in these processes
  • Photoelectric effect
  • Bohr's theory of hydrogen like atoms
  • Characteristic and continuous x-rays, Moseley's law
  • De Broglie wavelength of matter waves
  • Heisenberg's uncertainty principle

Candidates must go through the NEST 2025 mock tests to perform well in the NEST examination. Students can appear for the mock tests for free by visiting the official website. The NEST mock tests help the candidates to understand the exam pattern and the types of questions asked in the examination. NEST mock tests is made available for free on the official website and help the candidates to understand the exam pattern and the types of questions asked in the examination.

The NEST mock tests provide the candidates with a real-time experience of the exam and help them familiarise themselves with the exam. Additionally, the candidates can analyse their performance and identify the areas where they need to focus more on. Taking NEST mock tests is essential for the candidates to understand the exam pattern, familiarise themselves with the type of questions and the marking scheme.

According to the official exam pattern for NEST 2025, the question paper will be created based on the science stream syllabus of Class 11 and 12 of NCERT/CBSE. For successful preparation, it is suggested that aspirants study from the CBSE/NCERT syllabus along with taking mock tests and referring to the previous year question papers of the NEST, which can be found on the official NEST exam website.

  • Go through the whole syllabus and the exam pattern of the NEST 2025

  • Do regular practice exams.

  • Create your study format and stick to it religiously.

  • Try to avoid last minutes preparations.

  • Work through the previous year’s questions and sample papers.

  • Stay focused on your studies by avoiding all the distractions.

To help students get a hang of the computer-based examination, various video tutorials and practice sessions will also be organised for candidates who have filled and submitted the NEST application form 2025, which will be accessible for these candidates through their NEST accounts.

NISER Bhubaneswar, in collaboration with UM DAE CEBS will issue the NEST 2025 admit card in June, at the official website of NEST - nestexam.in. All those candidates who have submitted the NEST 2025 application form can download their admit card by using their login credentials. It is important for the candidates to carry the NEST admit card 2025, along with valid ID proofs, to the exam center as it is a mandatory document. Candidates must check the details mentioned on the NEST hall ticket carefully to make sure that all the information is correct. The NEST admit card 2025 will comprise of the candidate's roll number, allotted exam center and reporting time. It must be noted that the varsity will not send the NEST admit card 2025 via post or courier. To avoid any issues, candidates must make multiple copies of the NEST admit card 2025.

Steps to Download NEST 2025 Admit Card 

  • Visit the official website - nestexam.in

  • Click on the "NEST Admit Card 2025 Download" section

  • Enter application number and password in the login window

  • Click on the "Login" tab

  • The NEST 2025 admit card will be displayed on the screen

  • Download the admit card for future reference

NISER Bhubaneswar will release the NEST 2025 answer key in July, at the official website. Along with the answer key, the candidates will be provided with the answer scripts and the answer key challenge window. Candidates can raise objections against the NEST 2025 answer key in case of discrepancies till the deadline. Candidates should cross-check their answers with the provided NEST exam answer key. If the objections raised by candidates are found to be valid, the conducting bodies will release the final answer key of NEST. The NEST answer key contains the answers to all the questions asked in the entrance exam. Candidates who have appeared for the exam can check the NEST answer key 2025 to calculate their probable marks.

The NEST 2025  result will be declared in July, on the official website in an online format. To access their results, candidates must log in to the official website using their valid user ID and password. After viewing their results, candidates can download their NEST scorecard 2025, which include details such as their name and photograph, roll number, category, category rank, merit rank, percentile, marks attained, and percentile. The NEST result 2025 will be determined based on the marks obtained by candidates in the entrance exam.

The NEST 2025 cutoff will be determined by NISER and UM-DAE CEBS in online mode. The NEST 2025 cutoff will be based on the marks obtained by candidates in each section of the exam and overall. Candidates who score equal to or more than the NEST cutoff will be invited to the counselling process. If a candidate does not meet the minimum score in the NEST cutoff, their application for admission will be rejected.

  • Section-wise Minimum Admissible Score (SMAS): SMAS is a section-wise minimum score required to be obtained by the aspirants in each section of NEST exam. SMAS is the 20% of the score which comes after taking the average of best 100 scores in that section. For instance, if the best 100 scores of General section is 20 marks out of 30, then 20% of 20 marks, i.e. 4 marks will become the SMAS for General section (for general category). The same method will be adopted for all other sections. SMAS for OBC candidates will be 90% of the SMAS obtained for general category, and for SC/ST candidates, it will be 50% of that obtained for general candidates. Candidates will be required to obtain SMAS in the general section and at least three of the subject-sections to become eligible for further admission process. 

  • Minimum Admissible Score (MAS):  The MAS is the overall score candidate is required to obtain in order to become eligible for further admission process of NEST 2024. It can vary from year to year, for instance, MAS for NEST 2025 will be 90 (50% of the total 180 marks paper). The overall score of a candidate will include the scores obtained in the General and best-of-three subject sections. However, it will be important for a candidate to obtain SMAS in each of the sections whose scores are considered for MAS. Similar to SMAS, the MAS for OBC category candidates will be 90% of the MAS determined for general category and in case of SC/ST candidates, it will be 50% of the MAS determined for general category.

The NEST 2025 counselling process will begin in July. Candidates who have successfully qualified the National Entrance Screening Test (NEST) 2025 for admission to five year Integrated MSc programme in Biology, Chemistry, Mathematics, and Physics at NISER and UM-DAE-CBS must attend the online counselling session in order to secure a seat in their desired programme. The NEST counselling process will be based on the rankings and performances of the candidates in the entrance test. It is mandatory for all eligible candidates to present the necessary verified documents while attending the NEST counselling 2025.

Document required for NEST 2025 Counselling

  1. Birth Certificate (10th/Matric certificate is also used as a proof of date of birth)

  2. 12th Marksheet (if available)

  3. Caste certificate (if applicable)

  4. Valid OBC-NCL certificate (if applicable)

  5. Disability Certificate (if applicable)

  6. Proof of Indian Citizenship (if born outside India)

  7. Original School leaving certificate/ Transfer Certificate.

  8. NEST 2025 score card.

Documents Required at NEST 2025 counselling

National Entrance Screening Test 2025

  • NEST 2025 admit card
  • Class 12 certificate and marksheet
  • Class 10 certificate and marksheet
  • SC/ST/OBC/PwD certificate (If applicable)
  • Non-Creamy Layer (NCL) certificate issued on or after June 1, 2018 (for OBC candidates)
  • Domicile certificate (for Jammu & Kashmir candidates)

Candidates can go through the NEST previous year question papers to score more marks in the NEST exam 2025.

NEST 2023 Question Papers with Answer Key

Session

Question paper and answer key

NEST Question Paper Session 1

Click here

NEST Question Paper Session 2

Click here

NEST 2022 Question Papers with Answer Key

Session

Question paper and answer key

NEST Question Paper Session 1

Click here

NEST Question Paper Session 2

Click here

NEST 2021 Question Papers with Answer Key

Session

Question paper and answer key

NEST Question Paper Session 1

Click here

NEST Question Paper Session 2

Click here

NEST Previous Year Question Papers with Solutions 2020

Session

Question paper and answer key

NEST Question Paper Session 1

Click here

NEST Question Paper Session 2

Click here

NEST Previous Years Question Papers (2007 to 2019)

General Information

Contacts

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Relevant Links

Official Website Link Click Here
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Frequently Asked Questions

1. Who can give NEST exam 2025?

Candidates qualified in Class 12 can be eligible to apply for admissions in NEST 2025 exam.

2. NEST exam is for which course?

NEST entrance exam will be conducted for courses like Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics and Biology.

3. When will the NEST results be declared?

The NEST 2025 result will be declared in July, on the official website at nestexam.in.

4. How can I apply for the NEST exam?

Candidates can apply for the NEST exam through the official website of NEST exam, at nestexam.in. 

5. How to download the NEST admit card 2025?

The NEST 2025 admit card can be downloaded by entering the login credentials such as application number and password, on the official website.

6. Who is the conducting body for NEST examination?

National Entrance Screening Test will be conducted jointly by the National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, and Mumbai University - Department of Atomic Energy Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences (UM - DAE CEBS).

7. When will the NEST admit card 2025 release?

The NEST 2025 admit card will be issued in May, on the official website.

8. When will the NEST registration 2025 begin?

The NEST 2025 registration will begin in April, in online mode.

9. Who is eligible for NEST 2025?

Students should qualify in the Class 12 with minimum of 50% to be eligible for admissions in the NEST 2025. 

Questions related to NEST

Have a question related to NEST ?

Hy,

If you missed the NEST (National Entrance Screening Test) result announcement and the login date has expired, you can try the following steps to check your result:

1. Contact NEST Help Desk

  • Reach Out : Contact the NEST help desk or the examination authority directly. They can provide guidance on how to access your result or advise on any possible extensions.
  • Contact Information : Check the NEST official website for the contact details of the help desk or support team.

2. Visit the Official NEST Website

  • Look for Updates : Check the official NEST website for any updates or notices regarding the result. Sometimes, results are posted on the website even after the login period has expired.

3. Check Your Email for Updates

  • Look for Notifications : Review any communication or notifications from NEST in your email. There may be instructions or additional information provided regarding the result.

4. Check for Alternative Access

  • Portal Login : Attempt to log in to the NEST portal again to see if there’s an option for late access or if the result is still accessible through the portal.
  • Alternative Methods : Some exams provide alternative ways to check results, such as through SMS or phone numbers.

5. Review Official Announcements

  • Social Media or Forums : Check NEST’s official social media accounts or forums where exam-related updates and announcements are often posted.

6. Follow Up

  • Inquire about Extensions : If the result is crucial and you cannot access it, request an extension or alternative method to view your result from the examination authority.

7. Document Your Issue

  • Record Communication : Keep a record of any communication with the help desk or authorities in case you need to provide proof of your attempt to access the results.

By contacting the examination authority and checking all available resources, you should be able to find a solution to access your NEST result.


Hy,

NISER (National Institute of Science Education and Research) and CEBS (Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences) are prestigious institutions that offer integrated M.Sc. programs in various disciplines of science. Your NEST rank of 387 in the general category is quite competitive, but admission to NISER or CEBS depends on various factors including the number of seats available, cutoff ranks, and the preferences you select during counseling.

For more information you can check the below mentioned link to get cut offs in each section category-wise:-

https://university.careers360.com/articles/nest-cutoff

No, qualifying NEST exam won't directly lead you to pursue MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery). NEST serves a different purpose.

The National Entrance Screening Test is for admission to five-year integrated M.Sc. programs at specific universities like National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) and Center for Excellence in Basic Sciences (UM-DAE CEBS). It focuses on Science subjects (Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, and Biology).

To pursue MBBS, you need to qualify for a separate medical entrance exam like the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET). NEET is the primary gateway for admission to undergraduate medical programs in India.

https://medicine.careers360.com/download/ebooks/neet-pg-quick-guide-exam-admission-seats-fees-and-more

I hopeit helps!

Question : Comprehension:
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
The Black Drongo also known as the King Crow, is a small Asian bird of the drongo family. Previously, it was seen as a subspecies of the African Fork-tailed Drongo but is now recognized as a full species. It is a common resident breeder in much of tropical southern Asia from southwest Iran through India and Sri Lanka to southern China and Indonesia. It is a wholly black bird with a distinctive forked tail and measures 28 cm in length.
Feeding on insects, it is commonly found in open agricultural areas and light forest areas throughout its range, perching conspicuously on a bare perch or along power or telephone lines.
The species is famous for its aggressive behaviour towards much larger birds, such as crows, and never hesitates to dive-bomb any birds of prey that invade its territory. Smaller birds often nest in the well-guarded vicinity of a nesting Black Drongo
The Black Drongo has been introduced to some Pacific islands, where it has thrived and become abundant to the point of threatening and causing the extinction of native and endemic bird species there.
Drongos fly with strong flaps of the wing and are capable of fast manoeuvres that enable them to capture flying insects. With short legs, they sit upright on thorny bushes, bare perches or electricity wires. They may also perch on grazing animals.
The Black Drongo is found predominantly in open country and usually perches and hunts close to the ground. They are mostly aerial predators of insects but also glean from the ground or off vegetation.
They are found as summer visitors to northeastern Afghanistan and northern Pakistan but are mainly resident south from the Indus Valley up to Bangladesh and into India and Sri Lanka.
Question:
Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

Option 1: The drongo looks exactly like a crow.

Option 2: Smaller birds are protected by the drongo.

Option 3: This bird is a native of tropical countries in south-Asia.

Option 4: The drongo is a small perching bird.

Correct Answer: The drongo looks exactly like a crow.


Solution : The first option is the correct choice.

The statement "the drongo looks exactly like a crow" is not true, according to the passage.

The passage describes the Black Drongo as a wholly black bird with a distinctive forked tail, measuring 28 cm in length. While it mentions that the Black Drongo is sometimes known as the King Crow, this is likely due to its aggressive behaviour towards larger birds, such as crows, and not because it looks exactly like a crow.

Question : Comprehension:
Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.
The Black Drongo also known as the King Crow, is a small Asian bird of the drongo family. Previously, it was seen as a subspecies of the African Fork-tailed Drongo but is now recognised as a full species. It is a common resident breeder in much of tropical southern Asia from southwest Iran through India and Sri Lanka to southern China and Indonesia. It is a wholly black bird with a distinctive forked tail and measures 28 cm in length.
Feeding on insects, it is commonly found in open agricultural areas and light forest areas throughout its range, perching conspicuously on a bare perch or along power or telephone lines.
The species is famous for its aggressive behaviour towards much larger birds, such as crows, and never hesitates to dive-bomb any birds of prey that invade its territory. Smaller birds often nest in the well-guarded vicinity of a nesting Black Drongo.
The Black Drongo has been introduced to some Pacific islands, where it has thrived and become abundant to the point of threatening and causing the extinction of native and endemic bird species there.
Drongos fly with strong flaps of the wing and are capable of fast manoeuvres that enable them to capture flying insects. With short legs, they sit upright on thorny bushes, bare perches or electricity wires. They may also perch on grazing animals.
The Black Drongo is found predominantly in open country and usually perches and hunts close to the ground. They are mostly aerial predators of insects but also glean from the ground or off vegetation.
They are found as summer visitors to northeastern Afghanistan and northern Pakistan but are mainly resident south from the Indus Valley up to Bangladesh and into India and Sri Lanka.
Question:
What was the impact of trying to introduce the species to the Pacific islands?

Option 1: They decreased in numbers drastically.

Option 2: They returned to the lands of their origin.

Option 3: They proved to be a threat to the local birds.

Option 4: They did not survive in the changed climate conditions.

Correct Answer: They proved to be a threat to the local birds.


Solution : The third option is the correct choice.

The impact of introducing the Black Drongo species to some Pacific islands was that they thrived and became abundant to the point of threatening and causing the extinction of native and endemic bird species there.

The passage states that the Black Drongo has been introduced to these islands, and as a result of its successful establishment and proliferation, it poses a threat to the local bird species.

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