HomeArts, Humanities and Social Sciences ExamsCommon University Entrance Test (PG)

CUET PG 2025: City Intimation Slip (Out), Exam Date (Mar 13-Apr 1), Fee (Increased), Eligibility, Pattern (Revised)

Ongoing Event
CUET PG Exam Date : 13 Mar' 2025 - 01 Apr' 2025
Updated on 18th March, 2025 by Vishwas Garia

About CUET PG 2025

CUET PG 2025: The National Testing Agency has started conducting the CUET PG 2025 in CBT mode. The agency has issued the CUET PG admit card 2025 on March 16 for exams to be conducted till March 25. Candidates can download the CUET PG 2025 admit card by using their login credentials. The CUET PG 2025 city intimation slip was released on March 6 at exams.nta.ac.in/CUET-PG/. The CUET PG exam is being conducted from March 13 to April 1. 

The CUET PG 2025 exam will be held for a duration of 90 minutes. The CUET PG 2025 General Paper has been revamped to include skill-based and certain professions based on UG knowledge. Candidates can download the CUET PG 2025 admit card by using their login credentials such as application number, date of birth and security pin. The CUET PG is conducted every year for offering admissions to various CUET PG courses 2025 at around 190 top universities in India. The NTA will announce the CUET PG 2025 result in April. After the declaration of results, all the participating universities will begin the CUET PG 2025 counselling process on their websites.

What is CUET PG?

The National Testing Agency conducts the CUET PG to offer admissions for various PG programmes across India in central, state and several other participating universities. The CUET PG full form is Common University Entrance Test Post Graduate. The CUET PG 2025 will be held for 157 subjects including languages. The participating universities will accept admissions based on the marks obtained in the CUET PG exam. The universities will release separate cut off lists on the official website based on the CUET PG result. Candidates who will be qualified in the CUET PG exam can attend the counselling process by submitting the documents for verification. The validity for CUET PG entrance exam lasts till the end of the that session.

What's New in CUET PG 2025?

The UGC has released a notification regarding the changes in CUET PG 2025. Here are the details listed below:

  • As many as 4,12,024 unique registered applications have been received for CUET PG entrance exam 2025.
  • CUET PG 2025 will be held in 43 shifts from March 13 to April 1.
  • The CUET PG 2025 exam duration will be reduced from 105 minutes to 90 minutes for all the subjects.
  • Students are required to answer all the questions in the CUET PG exam 2025.
  • The CUET PG 2025 General Paper will be prepared by including skill-based and certain professions based on the UG knowledge.
  • South Asian University (SAU) will start accepting CUET PG 2025 scores for admissions from the 2025-26 academic year.

CUET PG 2025 Admission Process

The admission process of CUET PG will involve five steps. The admission process starts with filling the application form and ends with counselling. The steps of CUET PG 2025 admission process are given below:

  • CUET PG application form: Aspirants who are interested to get admission in CUET PG participating universities have to fill and submit the application form by visiting the official website of CUET PG.
  • CUET PG admit card: NTA will issue the CUET PG 2025 hall ticket in the second week of March. Candidates should use their login credentials to download the CUET PG admit card 2025.
  • NTA CUET PG 2025 exam: The CUET PG entrance exam will be held in CBT mode. Aspirants should go through the exam pattern and CUET PG syllabus to get more marks in the exam.
  • CUET PG result: NTA will announce the CUET PG 2025 result in online mode. To download the CUET PG result 2025 applicants should use their login credentials.
  • CUET PG 2025 counselling: The participating universities of CUET PG will start the counselling process after the announcement of the results. The universities will release the CUET merit list based on the scores. The shortlisted candidates should attend the CUET PG counselling and submit all the necessary documents for verification.

CUET PG Admission Process

CUET PG Admission Process

CUET PG 2025 Exam Structure

Paper Code

Test Pattern


PGQP01 

No. of questions - 100

No of parts - Two (A and B)

Part A - 25 questions consisting of Language Comprehension, Verbal Ability

Part B - 75 domain knowledge questions comprising of Teaching Aptitude, Social Sciences, Mathematics and Science 

PGQP02 to PGQP07 PGQP09 to PGQP37 PGQP39 PGQP41 to PGQP59 PGQP61 to PGQ73 PGQP75 to PGQ77

No. of questions - 100

No of parts - Two (A and B)

Part A - 25 questions consisting of Language Comprehension, Verbal Ability, General Awareness, Mathematical/Quantitative ability and Analytical Skills.

Part B - domain Knowledge comprising of 75 MCQs.

PGQP08 PGQP74 PGQP78

No. of questions - 100

No of parts - Two (A and B)

Part A - 25 questions (Language Comprehension/Verbal Ability, General Knowledge, and Mathematical/Quantitative ability )

Part B - 75 questions from domain knowledge e.g. Civil Engineering or Mechanical Engineering, etc. 


PGQP60 

No. of questions - 100

No of parts - Two (A and B)

Part A - 25 questions (General Knowledge/Awareness, Mathematical Ability and Logical Reasoning)

Part B - 75 questions of specific language. 


PGQP38 


100 questions (Language Comprehension/ Verbal Ability, Mathematical/ Quantitative ability, Data Interpretation and Logical Reasoning) 


PGQP40 


100 Questions (Language Comprehension/ Verbal Ability, General Knowledge/ Awareness, Computer Basics and Logical Reasoning) 

CUET PG 2025 Participating Universities

Names of Universities

State

Mahatma Gandhi Central University

Bihar

University of Hyderabad

Telangana

Jawaharlal Nehru University

New Delhi

Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University

Uttarakhand

North Eastern Hill University

Meghalaya

Tezpur University

Assam

Central University of Odisha

Odisha

Pondicherry University

Puducherry

English and Foreign Languages University

Telangana

Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University

Uttar Pradesh

Tripura University

Tripura

Banaras Hindu University

Uttar Pradesh

Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya,

Chattisgarh

Central Tribal University of Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh

The National Sanskrit University

Andhra Pradesh

The Central Sanskrit University

New Delhi

Sikkim University

Sikkim

Manipur University

Manipur

Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya

Madhya Pradesh

Rajiv Gandhi National Institute of Youth Development 

Tamil Nadu

Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriya Hindi Vishwavidyalaya

Maharashtra

The Indira Gandhi National Tribal University

Madhya Pradesh

Central University of Himachal Pradesh

Himachal Pradesh

Central University of Kashmir

Jammu and Kashmir

Central University of Jammu

Jammu and Kashmir

Central University of Haryana

Haryana

Central University of South Bihar

Bihar

Central University of Karnataka

Karnataka

Central University of Rajasthan

Rajasthan

Central University of Jharkhand

Jharkhand

Central University of Kerala

Kerala

Central University of Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh

Central University of Gujarat

Gujarat

Central University of Tamil Nadu

Tamil Nadu

CUET PG 2025 Reservation Criteria

The National Testing Agency has reserved seats for students from various categories. These reservations are intended to offer equal opportunities at the time for admission. Students who belong to categories such as SC/ ST/ PwD/ EWS can make use of this CUET PG 2025 reservation through a lower registration fees, minimum cutoff and admission fees. It is worth mentioning that these reservation facilities are only obtainable upon submitting the supporting documents. Here are the details on CUET PG reservation criteria 2025.

CUET PG Reservation Criteria 2025

Category

Reservation of seats in CUET PG

OBC - non creamy layer

27%

SC

15%

EWS

10%

ST

7.5%

PwD

5%

Documents Required For Claiming CUET PG 2025 Reservation Relaxation

  • For EWS candidates: Students need to submit the General EWS certificate (as per Annexure-IB in CUET PG 2025 brochure), along with declaration from a competent authority, following the guidelines issued by the Government of India.

  • For OBC-NCL candidates: Candidates claiming seats under OBC-NCL category must submit the OBC-NCL certificate (as mentioned in Annexure-IIA of the CUET PG 2025 bulletin), from a suitable authority, following the Indian government guidelines.

  • For SC/ ST Candidates: To avail reservation under SC/ ST categories, students must upload the SC/ ST certificate, issued by appropriate authority (as per the format mentioned in Annexure III of the CUET PG 2025 information bulletin).

NTA CUET PG Helpdesk - 

Telephone - 18004253800, 08026599990,1800112211

Read more

CUET PG 2025 Highlights

Full Exam Name
Common University Entrance Test (PG)
Short Exam Name
CUET PG
Conducting Body
National Testing Agency (NTA)
Frequency Of Conduct
Once a year
Exam Level
National Level Exam
Languages
English +1 more
Mode Of Application
online
Application Fee
Online : 1400
Mode Of Exam
online
Mode Of Counselling
online
Participating Colleges
101
Exam Duration
1 Hour 30 Minutes

CUET PG Important Dates

CUET PG Common University Entrance Test (PG) (session 2025)

13 Mar' 2025 - 01 Apr' 2025 . OnlineOn Going
Exam Date
02 Jan' 2025 - 08 Feb' 2025 . Online
Application Date
02 Feb' 2025 - 09 Feb' 2025 . Online
Application Date
Last date for fee payment
10 Feb' 2025 - 12 Feb' 2025 . Online
Application Date
Application correction window

Read More

Candidates preparing for the CUET PG 2025 exam are advised to go through the eligibility criteria before applying for admissions. The CUET PG eligibility criteria 2025 describes the minimum requirements of the admission process of PG programmes in the participating universities. Students should meet the CUET PG eligibility criteria 2025 to be eligible for admissions.

CUET PG 2025 List of Courses

Degree

Programme

Code

Universities

M.Sc

Biochemistry

PG102, PG107, PG111, PG117

CUHAR, CUKER, CUPUN, CURAJ

M. A.

History

PG059, PG060, PG061, PG062

CUKNK, CUPUN, CUSBR, CUTND

M.Sc.

Geology

PG081, PG083, PG084, PG085

CUKER, CUPUN, CUSBR, CUTND

M.Sc.

Microbiology

PG101, PG112, PG119, PG122

CUHAR, CUPUN, CURAJ, CUTND

M. A.

Education

PG015, PG016, PG017

CUKAS, CUPUN, CURAJ

MA

Sports Psychology

PG321

CURAJ

M. A.

English Literature and Language

PG024

CUAPH

M.Sc.

Sociology

PG086, PG088, PG093, PG094, PG096

CUHAR, CUODA, CUPUN, CUSBR

M. A.

English

PG025, PG027, PG028, PG030, PG033, PG035, PG036, PG037, PG038, PG039

CUGUJ, CUJAM, CUJHD, CUKAS, CUKNK, CUODA, CUPUN, CURAJ, CUSBR, CUTND

M.Sc.

Statistics

PG179, PG180, PG181, PG182, PG183

CUHAR, CUODA, CUPUN, CURAJ, CUSBR

M. A.

English and Foreign Languages

PG026

CUHAR

M. A.

English and Comparative Literature

PG031

CUKER

M. A.

Linguistics and Language Technology

PG032

CUKER

M. A.

Hindi

PG040, PG041, PG042, PG043, PG046, PG047, PG048, PG049, PG050, PG051

CUGUJ, CUHAR, CUJAM, CUJHD, CUKNK, CUODA, CUPUN, CURAJ, CUSBR, CUTND

M. A.

Punjabi

PG050

CUPUN

M. A.

Classical Tamil Studies

PG055

CUTND

M. A.

Kannada

PG056, PG057

CUKER, CUKNK

M. A.

Sanskrit

PG068, PG069

CUHAR, CUODA

MSW

Social Work

PG090, PG091, PG092, PG095, PG098

CUJHD, CUKER, CUKNK, CURAJ, CUTND

M. Sc

Geography

PG073, PG074, PG075, PG076, PG077

CUHAR, CUJHD, CUPUN, CUSBR, CUTND

M. Ed

Education

PG018, PG019, PG020, PG021, PG022, PG023

CUGUJ, CUHAR, CUJAM, CUKER, CUPUN, CUSBR

M.A.

History and Archaeology

PG058

CUHAR

M.Sc.

Applied Geology

PG082

CUKNK

M.A

Social Work

PG087, PG089, PG097

CUGUJ, CUJAM, CUSBR

M.Sc.

Life Sciences

PG100, PG105, PG109, PG121

CUGUJ, CUJHD, CUKNK, CUSBR

M.Sc.

Microbiology

PG101, PG112, PG119, PG122

CUHAR, CUPUN, CURAJ, CUTND

M.Sc.

Nutrition Biology

PG103

CUHAR

M.Sc.

Biotechnology

PG104, PG118, PG120

CUHAR, CURAJ, CUSBR

M.Sc.

Botany

PG123, PG343

CUKER, CUKAS

M.A

Odia

PG127

CUODA

M.Sc.

Chemistry

PG138, PG139, PG140, PG141, PG142, PG147, PG148, PG149, PG344

CUHAR, CUJHD, CUKER, CUKNK, CUPUN, CURAJ, CUSBR, CUTND, CUKAS

M.Sc.

Computer Science

PG152, PG154, PG156, PG158, PG159

GSBU, CUKER, CURAJ, CUSBR, CUTND

M.Sc.

Geo-Informatics

PG078

CUJHD

M.Sc.

Mathematics

PG160, PG161, PG162, PG163, PG164, PG165, PG166, PG168, PG169

CUHAR, CUJAM, CUJHD, CUKAS, CUKER, CUKNK, CUPUN, CURAJ, CUSBR

M.Sc.

Computer Science (Big Data Analytics)

PG157

CURAJ

M. A.

Defence and Strategic Studies

PG248

CUGUJ

M.Sc.

Physics

PG171, PG172, PG173, PG175, PG177, PG178

CUJHD, CUKER, CUKNK, CUPUN, CURAJ, CUSBR

M.Sc.

Physics (Computational Physics)

PG174

CUPUN

M.Com.

M.Com.

PG205, PG206, PG208, PG209, PG210, PG211, PG212, PG213

CUHAR, CUJHD, CUKER, CUKNK, CUPUN, CURAJ, CUSBR, CUTND

M.Sc

Yoga Therapy

PG202, PG204

CUKER, CURAJ

MA

Cultural Informatics

PG245

CURAJ

M.Sc

Digital Society

PG246

CURAJ

M. A.

Development Studies

PG247

CUSBR

M. A.

Comparative Religion

PG249

CUKAS

M. A.

Tibetan

PG255

CUJHD

M. A.

Islamic Studies

PG256

CUKAS

M. A.

Folklore

PG260

CUJHD

M.A.

Political Science

PG272, PG274, PG278, PG282

CUGUJ, CUHAR, CUKAS, CUPUN

M.A.

International Relations and Political Science

PG279

CUKER

M.A.

Public Administration and Policy Studies

PG280

CUKER

M. A.

Gujarati

PG313

CUGUJ

M.A.

Actuarial Economics

PG306

CUTND

M.A.

Economics

PG289, PG290, PG291, PG292, PG293, PG294, PG295, PG296, PG297, PG299, PG300, PG301

BASE, CUGUJ, CUHAR, CUJAM, CUKAS, CUKER, CUKNK, CUODA, CUPUN, CURAJ, CUSBR, CUTND

M. A.

General Economics

PG302

CUTND

M. A.

Urdu

PG307

CUKAS

M.A.

Psychology

PG308, PG309, PG310, PG311

CUHAR, CUKNK, CUPUN, CUSBR

M.A.

Chinese

PG314

CUGUJ

M. A

German Studies

PG315

CUGUJ

M.Sc

Nanotechnology

PG316

CUGUJ

M.A.

Sports Physiology

PG317

CURAJ

M. A.

Sports Biochemistry

PG318

CURAJ

M.A.

Sports Nutrition

PG319

CURAJ

M.A.

Sports Biomechanics

PG320

CURAJ

M.A.

Folkloristic and Tribal Studies

PG259

CUKNK

M.A

Telugu

PG322

CUAPH

CUET PG 2025 Category-Wise Seat Relaxation

Category

Reservation

General Economically Weaker Section (Gen- EWS)

10%

Other Backward Classes Non-Creamy Layer (OBC-NCL)

27%

Scheduled Caste (SC)

15%

Scheduled Tribes (ST)

7.5%

Persons with Disability (PwD)

5%

Note: Candidates with a disability of 40% or more, regardless of type, are eligible for the privileges of the Persons with Disabilities (PwD) category. Additionally, leprosy-cured individuals who are otherwise able to pursue courses are also included. Lastly, candidates with a disability of less than 40% but who experience difficulty in writing as prescribed by the relevant authority, are also part of this group.

CUET MA Economics Eligibility Criteria 2025

Universities

Test Pattern

Paper Code

Eligibility Criteria

Manipur University


Pattern 1 (25 General + 75 Domain Specific Knowledge Questions)

PGQP44

B.A./B.Sc./B.Com with 45% marks in honours or major in the subject concerned in the bachelors or 45% marks both in aggregate and in the subject concerned in the bachelors.


Sikkim University


Pattern 1 (25 General + 75 Domain Specific Knowledge Questions)


PGQP44


Graduate degree in Economics with 50 % marks / equivalent grade for General and 45 % marks for reserved category candidates.

CUET MCom Eligibility Criteria 2025

Universities

Test Pattern

Paper Code

Eligibility Criteria

Central University of Jharkhand


Pattern 1 (25 General + 75 Domain Specific Knowledge Questions)

PGQP37

B.Com, BBA or BBS with a minimum 50% marks. 5% relaxation for reserved category candidates.


Central University of Punjab


Pattern 1 (25 General + 75 Domain Specific Knowledge Questions)


PGQP37


B.Com with a minimum 50% marks. 5% relaxation for reserved category candidates.

CUET MSc Yoga Eligibility Criteria 2025

Universities

Test Pattern

Paper Code

Eligibility Criteria

Central University of Haryana


Pattern 1 (25 General + 75 Domain Specific Knowledge Questions)

PGQP36

Bachelor's degree with 50% marks. 5% relaxation for reserved category candidates.

CUET MSc Environmental Science Eligibility Criteria 2025

Candidates preparing for the MSc CUET entrance exam 2025 will have to fulfil the eligibility criteria. Below is a table that shows the eligibility criteria for the CUET PG entrance exam 2025 for MSc programmes.

Universities

Test Pattern

Paper Code

Eligibility Criteria

BBAU Lucknow


Pattern 1 (25 General + 75 Domain Specific Knowledge Questions)

PGQP32

B.Sc. with 50% marks (45% for SC/ST/PwD) in Life Science/ Agricultural Sciences/ Environmental Sciences and their allied subject from recognized university.

Jawaharlal Nehru University


Pattern 1 (25 General + 75 Domain Specific Knowledge Questions)


PGQP32


B.Sc. degree or equivalent in any branch of basic or applied science or B.E./B.Tech/MBBS with at least 55% marks.

(All OBC category (non creamy layer) candidates are eligible to 10% relaxation in the percentage of marks in the qualifying examination in relation to open category. No minimum percentage required for SC/ST and Person with Disability (PWD) candidates


Banaras Hindu University


Pattern 1 (25 General + 75 Domain Specific Knowledge Questions)


PGQP32

50% marks (equivalent GPA) in B.Sc. (Hons)/B.Sc. (10+2+3) as well as at 10 & 10+2 examinations.

CUET MA English Eligibility Criteria 2025

Universities

Test Pattern

Paper Code

Eligibility Criteria

University of Hyderabad


Pattern 1 (25 General + 75 Domain Specific Knowledge Questions)

PGQP05

Minimum of 50% marks in graduation from a recognized university with at lease 50% marks in English. Bachelor's degree with at least 55% marks in English as a compulsory subject

Central University of Himachal Pradesh


Pattern 1 (25 General + 75 Domain Specific Knowledge Questions)


PGQP05


50% marks in graduation from a recognized university.


Central University of Jammu


Pattern 1 (25 General + 75 Domain Specific Knowledge Questions)


PGQP05


Minimum of 55% marks in graduation (50% in case of SC/ST and persons with disabilities). Preference will be given to the students with English Literature as one of the subjects.

CUET MA Education Eligibility Criteria 2025

Universities

Test Pattern

Paper Code

Eligibility Criteria

Central University of Himachal Pradesh


Pattern 1 (25 General + 75 Domain Specific Knowledge Questions)

PGQP03

Minimum of 50% marks in graduation from a recognized university.

Central University of Kashmir


Pattern 1 (25 General + 75 Domain Specific Knowledge Questions)


PGQP03


Minimum of 50% marks in graduation from a recognized university. 5% relaxation for SC, ST, OBC, PwD candidates.


Central University of Rajasthan


Pattern 1 (25 General + 75 Domain Specific Knowledge Questions)


PGQP03


Minimum of 50% marks in graduation from a recognized university. 5% relaxation for SC, ST, OBC, PwD candidates.

CUET PG 2025 Participating Universities/ Colleges

Before applying for PG CUET 2025, candidates must be aware of all the universities participating in NTA CUET PG 2025. There are a total 51 central, 41 state, 66 private and 12 deemed universities under the CUET PG 2025. Candidates are advised to note that counselling at these institutions are conducted individually and the cutoff marks may vary depending upon the various factors such as difficulty level of CUET PG exam, total number of applicants, number of available seats, etc.

Background wave

The CUET PG 2025 form correction window was opened on February 10 and was closed on February 12. The National Testing Agency closed the CUET PG application process 2025 on January 2. Candidates could register before the last date of CUET PG 2025 registration process by February 8. After the submission of the CUET PG 2025 application form, candidates should pay the CUET PG 2025 application fees to submit the application form successfully.

How to fill CUET application form 2025 for PG programmes?

  • Visit the official website of NTA CUET PG - exams.nta.ac.in/CUET-PG/.

  • Click on the "Registration for CUET-PG 2025 is live now" option.

  • The CUET PG 2025 registration window will open now.

  • Now, candidates have to click on the "New Registration" option.

  • Read the instructions and start filling the online CUET PG form 2025.

  • Upload the required documents in the prescribed format.

  • Pay the fees for CUET PG application form 2025 in online mode.

Candidates are advised to follow these steps to complete their CUET PG registration 2025. The CUET PG 2025 registration date will be announced soon on the official website.

CUET PG Application Fee 2025

Categories

Application Fee

Additional Test Paper Fee

General

Rs 1400


Rs 700

OBC-NCL/Gen-EWS


Rs 1200

Rs 600


SC/ ST/ Third Gender 

Rs 1100


Rs 600

PwBD


Rs 1000


Rs 600


Note: The candidates could pay the CUET registration fee 2025 for PG programmes in online mode through debit card, credit card, UPI or net banking etc. Candidates are advised to make payments to the official portal only, while paying for the CUET PG form 2025.

CUET PG 2025: Documents Required for Application

Candidates have to keep the below documents while filling out the NTA CUET PG 2025 application form:

  • E-mail ID

  • Phone number

  • Photo identification proof such as Aadhar card, voter ID etc

  • Soft copy of caste certificate, if applicable

  • Scanned copy of Class 10 marksheet

  • Scanned copy of Class 12 marksheet

  • Scanned copy of Photograph

  • Scanned copy of signature

What are the stages in CUET PG 2025 Admission Process?

Candidates are advised to check the stages below to get a better insight on the CUET PG 2025 admission process:

  • CUET PG registration: Applicants are required to register for CUET PG in online mode by visiting the official website. This process requires the candidates to enter their details such as personal, academic and contact details. To complete the registration process, students are required to pay the CUET PG application fees.
  • CUET PG exam date and time: The National Testing Agency announces the date and time for CUET PG exam. Applicants can check the specifics of CUET PG dates for their own subjects in the admit card.
  • CUET PG 2025 exam day: NTA conducts the CUET PG exam as scheduled. Students are required to appear in CUET PG at their assigned centre. To be allowed to appear for CUET PG students need to follow the guidelines and carry all the necessary documents like admit card, passport size photographs and more.
  • CUET PG result: The agency announces the CUET PG result in online mode. The CUET PG scorecard can be downloaded by entering the application number and password.
  • CUET PG counselling: The counselling sessions are conducted by the CUET PG participating universities. During the CUET PG counselling candidates can choose their preferred courses at their preferred universities as per the cutoff marks and other admission requirements.
  • CUET PG document verification: This process requires the students to visit the university campus in person and verify the authenticity of their documents by university officials.
  • CUET PG seat allotment: After the document verification process is over, the university shares the list of students who got allotted to seats successfully. The CUET PG seat allotment is conducted based on factors such as CUET PG scores, preferences shared by the students, availability of the seats and other determining factors.
  • CUET PG admission fees payment:  To secure their seats, candidates are required to pay the admission fees at the assigned universities.
  • CUET PG college reporting: Students will be notified about the dates on which they need to report at their allotted universities. It is important that candidates report to their assigned universities within the scheduled time and start their programme.

Documents Required at Exam CUET PG 2025

Common University Entrance Test (PG) 2025

  • A valid government photo ID
  • CUET PG admit card 2025

CUET PG 2025 Exam Centers

StateCity
Odisha
Angul
Jajpur
Balasore
Balangir
Jagatsinghpur
Dhenkanal
Cuttack
Bhubaneshwar
Bhadrak
Kalahandi
Berhampur
Baripada
Baragada
Nuapada
Kendrapara
Jharsuguda
Koraput
Malkangiri
Puri
Rayagada
Rourkela
Phulbani
Sambalpur
Paralakhemundi
Jeypore
Kendujhar
Chhattisgarh
Nawarangpur
GMAT™ Exam

Select test center appointment | Scores valid for 5 Years | Multiple Attempts

Alliance University MA Admissions 2025

Highest CTC 60.1 LPA | 800+ Recruitment Partners

The CUET PG exam 2025 will be held in online mode. The duration of CUET PG 2025 exam is 90 minutes. The medium of CUET PG 2025 will be bilingual. The CUET PG exam paper 2025 will have two sections - A and B for all except for PGQP38 and PGQP40. For these two papers, the CUET for PG question paper has one section and consists of 75 questions. The CUET entrance test 2025 for PG programmes held in three shifts. The test takers are required to take a look at the CUET PG exam pattern 2025 before preparing for the exam.

CUET PG 2025 Exam Pattern

Types of questions

MCQs

Exam mode

Computer based mode

Total number of questions

75

Duration

1 hour 30 minutes

Maximum marks

300

Marking scheme

4 marks will be awarded for each correct response.

1 mark will be deducted for each incorrect response.

CUET PG 2025 Marking Scheme

Candidates preparing for CUET PG entrance exam 2025 need to be aware of the marking scheme to calculate their possible scores. Detailed information on the NTA CUET PG 2025 marks awarded for correct or incorrect answers is given below.

Particulars

Details

Correct Answer

+4 Marks

Incorrect Answer

-1 Mark

Unanswered Question

No Marks will be given for unanswered questions

Other University Exams

Graduate Record Exam
Apply for GRE® Test now & save 10% with ApplyShop Gift Card | World's most used Admission Test for Graduate & Professional Schools
Test of English as Foreign Language
Accepted by more than 11,000 universities in over 150 countries worldwide
Pearson Test of English Academic
Trusted by 3,500+ universities and colleges globally | Accepted for migration visa applications to AUS, CAN, New Zealand , and the UK

CUET PG 2025 Syllabus

CUET PG Common University Entrance Test (PG) Syllabus

Agribusiness management: Unit 01


Agronomy and its scope
  • Seeds and sowing, tillage and tilth, crop density and geometry, crop nutrition, manures and fertilizers, nutrient use efficiency, water resources, soil-plant-water relationship, crop water requirement
  • Water use efficiency, irrigation, scheduling criteria and methods, quality of irrigation water, logging

Agribusiness management: Unit 02


Weeds
  • Importance, classification, crop weed competition, concepts of weed management principles and methods, herbicides, classification, selectivity and resistance, allelopathy

Agribusiness management: Unit 03


Crop production technology
  • Rabi and kharif crops, farming system and sustainable agriculture, sustainable agriculture, problems and its impact on agriculture, indicators of sustainability, adaptation and mitigation
  • Conservation agriculture strategies in agriculture, organic farming, principles and its scope in India; precision agriculture-concepts and techniques; their issues and concerns for Indian agriculture

Agribusiness management: Unit 04


Genetics and plant breeding
  • Importance and techniques
  • Mendelian principles of heredity, architecture of chromosome; chromonemata, chromosome matrix, chromomeres, centromere, secondary constriction and telomere; special types of chromosomes
  • Chromosomal theory of inheritance, cell cycle and cell division, mitosis and meiosis
  • Genetics in relation to plant breeding, principles of seed technology

Agribusiness management: Unit 05


Pedological and ethnological concepts of soil
  • Soil genesis: Soil forming rocks and minerals; weathering, processes and factors of soil formation; soil profile, components of soil; soil physical properties, problematic soils and their management

Agribusiness management: Unit 06


Agricultural economics
  • Meaning, definition, characteristics of agriculture, importance and its role in economic development
  • Agricultural planning and development in the country
  • Agricultural finance, meaning, scope and significance, credit needs and its role in Indian agriculture
  • Agricultural credit: Meaning, definition, need, classification

Agribusiness management: Unit 07


Credit analysis
  • 4 R’s and 3 C’s of credits
  • Sources of agricultural finance: Institutional and non-institutional sources, market structure, marketing mix and market segmentation, GATT and WTO
  • Sources of agricultural finance: Agreement on agriculture (AOA) and its implications on Indian agriculture farm management principles, production functions, consumer behavior analysis, product life cycle (PLC)
  • Sales & distribution management
  • Pricing policy, various pricing methods
  • Project management definition, project cycle, identification
  • Introduction to statistics and its applications in agriculture, graphical representation of data, measures of central tendency & dispersion

Agribusiness management: Unit 08


Introduction to soil and water conservation
  • Causes of soil erosion
  • Definition and agents of soil erosion, water erosion-forms of water erosion
  • Soil loss measurement techniques
  • Principles of erosion control, introduction to contouring, strip cropping
  • Contour bund

Agribusiness management: Unit 09


Importance of plant diseases, scope and objectives of plant pathology
  • Pathogenesis, causes/factors affecting disease development-disease triangle and tetrahedron and classification of plant diseases
  • Important plant pathogenic organisms, different groups-fungi, bacteria, fastidious vascular bacteria, phytoplasmas, spiro plasmas, viruses, viroid’s, algae, protozoa, phanerogamic parasites and nematodes with examples of diseases caused by them
  • Diseases and symptoms due to abiotic causes
  • IPM: Introduction, history, importance, concepts, principles and tools of IPM
  • Pests of crops and stored grains and their management

Agribusiness management: Unit 10


Plant propagation
  • Methods and propagating structures; seed dormancy, seed germination, principles of orchard establishment
  • Principles and methods of training and pruning production technology for fruit and plantation crops post-harvest management and value addition of fruits and vegetables

Agribusiness management: Unit 11


Rural development
  • Concept, meaning, definition; various rural development programme launched by Govt. of India
  • Meaning, definition, concept & principles, philosophy of C.D

Agribusiness management: Unit 12


Rural leadership
  • Concept and definition, types of leaders in rural context; extension administration-meaning and concept, principles and functions
  • Meaning and process of communication, verbal and nonverbal communication

Agribusiness management: Unit 13


Mineral nutrition of plants
  • Functions and deficiency symptoms of nutrients, nutrient uptake mechanisms; photosynthesis-light and dark reactions, C3, C4 and CAM plants, role of microbes in soil fertility and crop production
  • Definitions of basic terms related to forestry, objectives of silviculture

Agribusiness management: Unit 14


Important Indian and exotic breeds
  • Breeds of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, swine and poultry
  • Improvement of farm animals and poultry

Applied geography and geoinformatics: Unit 01


Human geography
  • Definition, nature, major subfields, contemporary relevance
  • Space and society: Cultural regions; race; religion and language
  • Population: Population growth and demographic transition theory
  • World population distribution and composition (age, gender and literacy)
  • Settlements: Types and patterns of rural settlements; classification of urban settlements; trends and patterns of world urbanization

Applied geography and geoinformatics: Unit 02


General cartography
  • Maps, types, elements and uses
  • Map scale, types and application, reading distances on a map
  • Map projections, criteria for choice of projections; attributes and properties of: Zenithal gnomonic polar case, zenithal stereographic polar case, cylindrical equal area, mercator’s projection, conical projection with two standard Parallel
  • Bonne’s projection
  • Representation of data, symbols, dots, choropleth, isopleth and flow diagrams, interpretation of thematic maps

Applied geography and geoinformatics: Unit 03


Environmental geography
  • Concepts and approaches; ecosystem, concept and structure; ecosystem functions
  • Human-environment relationship in equatorial, desert, mountain and coastal regions
  • Environmental problems and management: Air pollution; biodiversity; loss; solid and liquid waste
  • Environmental programmes and policies: Developed countries; developing countries
  • New environmental policy of India; government initiatives

Applied geography and geoinformatics: Unit 04


Geography of India
  • Physical setting, location, structure and relief, drainage, climate
  • Population, size and growth since 1901, population distribution, literacy, sex ratio
  • Settlement system, rural settlement types and patterns, urban pattern
  • Resource base, livestock (cattle and fisheries), power (coal, and hydroelectricity), minerals (iron ore and bauxite
  • Economy, agriculture (rice, wheat, sugarcane, groundnut, cotton); industries (cotton textile, iron-steel, automobile), transportation Modes (road and rail)

Applied geography and geoinformatics: Unit 05


Economic geography
  • Definition, approaches and fundamental concepts of economic geography; patterns of development
  • Locational theories, agriculture (Von Thunen) and industrial (weber)
  • Primary activities, intensive subsistence farming, commercial grain farming, plantation, commercial dairy farming, commercial fishing, and mining (iron ore, coal and petroleum)
  • Secondary activities, cotton textile industry, petrochemical industry, major manufacturing region
  • Tertiary and quaternary activities, modes of transportation, patterns of international trade, and information and communication technology industry

Applied geography and geoinformatics: Unit 06


Disaster management
  • Hazards, risk, vulnerability and disasters: Definition and concepts
  • Disasters in India: (a) Causes, impact, distribution and mappin-flood, landslide, drought
  • Disasters in India: (b) Causes, impact, distribution and mapping-earthquake, tsunami and cyclone
  • Human induced disasters: Causes, impact, distribution and mapping
  • Response and mitigation to disasters: Mitigation and preparedness, NDMA and NIDM; indigenous knowledge and community-based disaster management; Do’s and Don'ts during disasters

Applied geography and geoinformatics: Unit 07


Geography of tourism
  • Concepts, nature and scope; inter-relationships of tourism, recreation and leisure; geographical parameters of tourism by Robinson
  • Type of tourism: Nature tourism, cultural tourism, medical tourism, pilgrimage
  • Recent trends of tourism: International and regional; domestic (India); eco-tourism, sustainable tourism, meetings, incentives, conventions and exhibitions (MICE)
  • Impact of tourism: Economy; environment; society
  • Tourism in India: Tourism infrastructure; case studies of himalaya, desert and coastal and heritage; national tourism policy

Applied geography and geoinformatics: Unit 08


Sustainability and development
  • Sustainability: Definition, components and sustainability for development
  • The millennium development goals: National strategies and international experiences
  • Sustainable development: Need and examples from different ecosystems
  • Inclusive development: Education, health; climate change-the role of higher education in sustainability; the human right to health; poverty and disease; sustainable livelihood model; policies and global cooperation for climate change
  • Sustainable development policies and programmes: Rio+20; goal-based development; financing for sustainable development; principles of good governance; national environmental policy, CDM

B.Ed. humanities and social science: Unit 01


Humanities equitable items from
  • History
  • Political science
  • Geography
  • Economics
  • Commerce
  • Home science

B.Ed. languages: Unit 01


Hindi

    B.Ed. languages: Unit 02


    English

      B.Ed. languages: Unit 03


      Sanskrit

        B.Ed. science: Unit 01


        Science equitable items from
        • Botany
        • Zoology
        • Chemistry
        • Physics
        • Home science
        • Computer science

        B.Ed. mathematics: Unit 01


        Mathematics

          B.Ed. mathematics: Unit 02


          Statistics

            B.Ed. mathematics: Unit 03


            Computer science

              Commerce: Unit 01


              Micro economics
              • Definition nature and scope of economics, Marshall & Robins views
              • Utility of economics, micro vs. macromedia of economics study, economic theory and business decision
              • Utility analysis, consumer behavior, consumer’s equilibrium
              • Traditional approach and indifference curve and analysis: Price income and substitution effects
              • Some application of indifference curve techniques, elasticity of demand
              • Production, equal product curves, scale of production: Input-output relationship, cost curves; variable cost conditions and law of variable proportions, producers’ equilibrium
              • Product pricing-market format, perfect competition, monopoly and imperfect completion
              • Pricing of factors of production, concept of marginal productivity, theories of rent, wages, theories of interest and profit

              Commerce: Unit 02


              Currency and banking
              • Functions significance of money, various forms of money, causes, remedies and effects of inflation, deflation and reflation Indian money market, principles methods of note issues, monetary standard, gold standard
              • Bi-metallize and managed currency standard
              • Meaning and significance of credit
              • Factors influencing the volume of credit in country, credit creations of bank, credit control by RBI
              • Functions of Commercial Bank, types of banks, unit and branch banking systems, concept of mix banking, Central Bank and its functions, Reserve Bank of India, State Bank of India, Regional Rural Banks, progress of nationalized Banks in India
              • Concept of foreign exchange and exchange rate, factors causing fluctuation in exchange control meaning, objective and methods

              Commerce: Unit 03


              Essential of management
              • Nature, scope and functions of management, evolution of management thought, various approaches to management, functions of a manager, introduction to corporate social responsibility
              • Planning: Objective, nature and process of planning, SWOT analysis, formulation of plans, decision making process. Organizing-objectives, nature and process of organizing formal and informal organization
              • Authority and responsibility, delegation and empowerment, centralization and decentralization, concept of departmentation, organization chart, line, staff and functional relationship
              • Staffing: Concept, manpower planning, recruitment, selection, training and development, performance appraisal. Directing, concept and techniques of motivation and leadership. Process and barriers to communication
              • Controlling: Concept, need and techniques. Controlling concepts, processes, techniques, and control; management by objectives (MBO); management by exception (MBE); essentials of effective control; and managerial effectiveness

              Commerce: Unit 04


              Office management
              • Office: Meaning, importance, activities, emerging trends, concept of paperless office
              • Office management: Meaning, functions. Office organization-definition, characteristics, types of organization, office systems and procedures, charts and manuals. Office location, layout and environment, flow of work
              • Computer fundamentals: Concept, components and types of computers. Operating system-concept, functions, types. Managing files and folders. Internet basics, features, methods of access
              • Computer fundamentals: Applications and benefits of computerization and internet in office. Introduction to word processing and spreadsheets, templates and creation of documents, editing and formatting, creating tables, basic applications
              • Office record management: Importance, filing essentials, modern methods of filing, modern filing devices, indexing system
              • Office forms: Meaning, principles, design and control of office forms
              • Office supplies: Management and control of office supplies
              • Office correspondence: Types, centralized and decentralized correspondence, procedure of handling inward and outward correspondence, electronic communication
              • E-commerce: Concepts, types, business models, e-payment systems

              Commerce: Unit 05


              Accounting
              • Accounting an introduction: Accounting standard, national and international, partnership accounts, admission, retirement & death and dissolution of partnership firm
              • Absorption, amalgamation and reconstruction of companies, liquidation of companies and preparation of a liquidator’s final statement of account
              • Hire purchase and instalment accounts, royalties accounts, insolvency accounts
              • Branch account: Voyage accounts, accounts of empties and packages; insurance claim for loss of stock and loss of profit

              Commerce: Unit 06


              Business Organization
              • Definition, nature and scope of business, business and society, social responsibility of business, factors determining the size of business unit
              • Forms of business organization, a comparative study
              • Monopolistic combination, production management, rationalization & methods of remunerating labor
              • Organization process, importance, principles, various aspects of organization, organization structure, departmentation, line and staff relationships, span of control, delegation of authority, decentralization
              • Produce and stock exchange: Its organization and economic functions

              Commerce: Unit 07


              Statistical method
              • General, the nature and scope of statistics: Definition of statistics
              • Law of statistical regularity: Law of inertia of large numbers
              • Probability and sampling
              • Limitations of statistics
              • Methods of statistical enquiry, types and characteristics of units
              • Methods of collection of data; questionnaire and schedule; proximations and accuracy, errors and their effects
              • Classification and tabulation, objects, general, rules for the construction of tables; statistical series
              • Measure of central tendency, mean mode, median, quartile harmonic and geometric mean
              • Measurement of dispersion and Skewness, range, quartile deviation, mean deviation, standard deviation and their coefficients; measures of Skewness
              • Correlation analysis, graphic method, scatter diagram, Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation, Spearman’s ranking method, lag and lead, probable and standard error
              • Regression analysis, linear regression, regression lines, regression equations
              • Interpolation, assumptions, Newton's’ advancing differences, LaGrange’s’ formula; Parabolic curve method; binomial expansion method

              Commerce: Unit 08


              Public finance
              • Public finance, definition and scope; public and private finance
              • Public revenue, sources of public revenue; nature and principles of taxation; classification of taxes; problems principles of equity in taxation
              • Incidence of taxation; shifting of taxes
              • Effects of taxation
              • Requirements of a sound tax system
              • Canons of taxation
              • Principle of maximum social advantage
              • Public expenditure, classification, effects and canons of public expenditure, public debt, external and internal debt
              • Methods of debt redemption
              • Capital levy, deficit financing
              • Administration, budget, its preparation, legislation and execution
              • Analysis of trends in Central government’s revenue, expenditure and debt
              • Financing of five-year plans, deficit financing in India
              • State and local finance, heads of revenue and items of expenditure and related issues

              Commerce: Unit 09


              Business law
              • Main principles of Indian law relating to: Contract, agency, sale of goods, partnership, negotiable instruments and hundis and Consumer Protection Act 1986
              • Main principles of Indian law relating to: Common carriers and carriage of goods of land and air. Foreign Exchange Management Act. 2000-definitions & main provisions

              Commerce: Unit 10


              Cost accounting
              • Definition, nature, scope and significance, cost unit, cost centre, elements of costs, system of ascertainment of cost, control and ascertainment of materials, labor and overhead costs, allocation, apportionment and absorption of overheads
              • Single output or unit costing, contract and job costing, calculation of tender, quotation, estimated price, process and operating costing
              • Marginal costing-its use in management standard costing, variance analysis
              • Integrated accounts
              • Reconciliation of cost and financial accounts, cost accounting/ cost control accounts, inter firm comparison

              Commerce: Unit 11


              Company law and secretarial practice
              • Company: Definition, classification, incorporation, memorandum of association, articles of association. Doctrine of constructive notice, doctrine of indoor management, commencement of business
              • Company management: Appointment, rights and obligations of directors, managers and secretary
              • Steps before issue of prospects, definition and contents of prospectus, liability for untrue statements
              • Shares: Definition, share vs stock, classes of shares, voting rights, issue of shares at per, premium and discount, ESOP, bonus, rights, buyback, public shares at par, premium and discount, ESOP, bonus, rights
              • Buyback, public issue, calls, forfeiture, lean and surrender, transfer and transmission, statutory restriction on transfer, borrowing power, mortgages and changes, debentures
              • Secretarial practice: Duties and responsibilities of company secretary, secretarial duties relating to issue and allotment of shares, calls, for feature lien and transfer of shares
              • Majority powers and minority rights, revelation of oppression and management
              • Specimen of certificate of incorporation
              • Certificate of commencement of business, share certificates and share warrants, dematerialization of shares
              • Meeting and proceedings: Provisions relating to the company and board meetings, secretarial duties relating to meetings, notice, agenda, proxy, motion, resolution, minutes and reports

              Commerce: Unit 12


              Selling and advertising
              • Selling: Concept, nature and role in marketing
              • Personal selling: Evolving face of personal selling, nature and importance of personal selling, characteristics of a successful salesperson, sales as a career option, sale training, consumer psychology and buying Motives
              • Personal selling: Selling of consumer and industrial products (goods and services)
              • Selling process: Prospecting, pre-approach, approach, sales presentation and demonstration, handling objections, closing the sale, after sale service
              • Effective selling techniques, role of relationship marketing in personal selling, tools of selling, motivating and remunerating sales persons
              • Advertising: Concept, role, functions, scope and types, economic, social, legal and ethical aspects of advertising
              • Advertising appeals: Meaning, types and methods, advertising as a persuasive communication process
              • Advertising design: Characteristics and basic elements of advertising copy. Creation, production and planning of advertisements
              • Advertising budget: Types, components and process of preparing. Advertising agency-functions and selection of agency
              • Advertising as a component of integrated marketing communication, AIDA and DAGMAR model
              • Advertising media: Types (print, outdoor, electronic and other), characteristics, merits and limitations of each media type
              • Media planning: Selection of media category; their reach, frequency, impact, cost and other factors influencing media choice
              • Problems in reaching rural and remote audience.
              • Evaluation of advertising effectiveness: Importance, difficulties and methods of measuring advertising effectiveness

              Commerce: Unit 13


              Business mathematics
              • Calculus: (Problems and theorems involving trigonometrically ratios are not to be done), differentiation-partial derivatives up to second order; total differentials
              • Maxima and minima cases of one variable involving second or higher order; cases of two variables involving not more than one constraint, integration as antiderivative process; standard forms
              • Methods of regretting, by substitution, by parts, and by use of partial functions; definite regrating; finding areas in simple cases
              • Matrices and determinants: Definition of a matrix, types of matrices; algebra of matrices; properties of determinants; calculation of values of determinants upto third order, adjoint a matrix; elementary row or column operations
              • Finding inverse of matrix through adjoint and elementary row and column operations; solution of a system of linear equations having unique solution and involving not more than three variables
              • Linear programming, formulation of LPP: Graphical method of solution; problems relating to two variables including the case of mixed constraints; simplex method, solution of problems up to three variables, duality, transportation problem
              • Compound interest and annuities certain, different types of interest rates; concept of present value and amount of a sum; equation of payments, types of annuities; present value and amount of an annuity
              • Including the case of continuous compounding; analysis of annuity; valuation of simple loans and debentures; problems relating to sinking funds

              Commerce: Unit 14


              Insurance law and accounts
              • Introduction to insurance: Purpose and need of insurance, insurance as a social security tool; insurance and economic development, fundamentals/ principles of insurance. Contract of insurance
              • Life insurance, principles and practice of life assurance
              • Life assurance contract, their nature and characteristics, parties to the contract and their rights and duties
              • Conditions and terms of policy
              • Nominations and assignment practice in connection with collection of premium, revivals, loans, surrenders, claims, bonuses and annuity payments, mortality table
              • Fire insurance-the basic principles of fire insurance contracts
              • Fire policy, conditions, assignment of policy, claims
              • Marine insurance, general principles, insurable interest and value disclosure marine policy and their conditions, premium double insurance, assignment of policy warranties the voyage, loss and abandonment
              • Partial losses and particular charges; salvage; total losses and measures of indemnity, subrogation equation of payments, types of annuities; present value and amount of an annuity, including the case of continuous compounding
              • Analysis of annuity; valuation of simple loans and debentures; problems relating to sinking funds
              • Introduction to insurance: Purpose and need of insurance, insurance as a social security tool; insurance and economic development, fundamentals/ principles of insurance
              • Contract of insurance
              • Fire insurance, the basic principles of fire insurance contracts
              • Partial losses and particular charges; salvage; total losses and measures of indemnity, Subrogation
              • Insurance intermediaries, agents and procedure for becoming and agent, prerequisite for obtaining a license, duration of license; cancellation of license, revocation of suspension/ termination of agent appointment; code of conduct
              • Unfair practices, insurance accounts, life insurance and general insurance company

              Commerce: Unit 15


              Income tax law and accounts
              • Basic concepts: Income, agricultural income, casual income, assessment year previous year, gross total income, total income person. Tax evasion, avoidance and tax planning
              • Basic concepts: Basic of charge; scope of total income, residence and tax liability, income which does not form part of total income. Deduction from gross total income
              • Head of the income: Salaries; income from house property; profit and gains to business or profession. Capital gains; income from other sources
              • Computations of total income of an individual, H.U.F and firm
              • Deemed income: Aggregation of income, set-off and carry forward of losses; tax authorities; assessment procedures

              Commerce: Unit 16


              Contemporary audit
              • Introduction: Meaning and objectives of auditing-types of audits; internal audit. Audit process-audit programmed; audit and books; working papers and evidences; consideration for commencing an audit
              • Routine checking and test checking
              • Internal check system: Internal control
              • Audit procedure: Vouching; verification of assets and liabilities. Audit of limited companies-company auditor, appointment, powers, duties, and liabilities
              • Auditing standards, appointment, power, duties and liability of auditor
              • Broad outlines of company audit and auditor’s report
              • Special audit, banking companies, educational institutions, insurance companies
              • Investigation, audit of non-profit organization, divisible profit & dividend
              • Recent trends in auditing, nature and significance of cost audit; tax audit, management audit, computerized audit

              Commerce: Unit 17


              Indian economic structure
              • Nature of Indian economy, features of a developing economy
              • Characteristics and problems of Indian economy
              • Objectives of economics planning in India
              • India’s five-year plans, achievements and failures
              • Indian agriculture, its features and problems
              • Agricultural development in planned era
              • Green revaluation, agricultural marketing, rural poverty and indebtedness
              • Rural industrialization
              • Rural development programmed, cooperative movement
              • Population growth and population explosion
              • Population policy and programmed
              • Problem of unemployment
              • Forms of unemployment
              • Employment programmed and poverty alleviation
              • Large scale, small scale and cottage industries
              • Industrial development during Five Year Plans
              • Public sectors and private sector, industrial relations, industrial policy
              • Industrial sickness, industrial finance
              • Money market and capital market structure
              • Capital formation, Indian money market and fiscal policies, deficit financing and its implications

              Commerce: Unit 18


              Marketing, practice and finance
              • Introduction: Nature and scope of marketing-importance of marketing as a business function and in the economy; marketing concepts, traditional and modern; selling vs. marketing; marketing mix; marketing environment
              • Consumer behavior and market segmentation; nature, scope and significance of consumer behavior; market segmentation concept and importance; basis for market segmentation
              • Promotion; methods of promotion; optimum promotion mix; advertising media, their relative merits and limitations; characteristics of an effective advertisement; personal selling; selling as a career; classification of a successful sales person
              • Functions of salesman
              • Product: Concept of product, consumer and industrial goods; product planning and development; packaging, role and functions; brand name and trade mark; after sales service; product life cycle concept
              • Price: Importance of price in the marketing mix; factors affecting price of a product/ service; discounts and rebates
              • Distribution channels, concept and role; types of distribution channels; factors affecting choice of a distribution channel; retailer and wholesale; physical distribution of goods; transportation; warehousing; inventory control; order processing

              Commerce: Unit 19


              Macroeconomics
              • Concept, definition and scope of macro-economics, statics and dynamics, the circular flow of income
              • The analysis and measurement of economic activity, national income accounting, concept and definitions of national income
              • Various component of national income, methods of measurement of national income and welfare
              • The consumption function, the Keynesian consumption function, relative income hypothesis, permanent income hypothesis multiplier and the process of income, propagation
              • The investment function, autonomous and induced investment
              • Government and the theory of income determination, government purchases and income, taxes and equilibrium level of income, tax multiplier determination of the equilibrium level of income, the simple Keynesian model
              • Marginal efficiency of capital, relation between MEC and MEI
              • The derivation and shift in IS and LM curves, the interaction between IS and LM curves
              • The acceleration principle
              • Theories of employment, Say’s law of market and classical theory of employment, saving investment analysis
              • An outline of Keynesian theory of employment
              • Theory of inflation, concepts of inflation, inflationary gaps demand pull and cost push inflation
              • The Phillips curve, effects of inflation, anti-inflation policies, monetary and fiscal policies
              • Fluctuation and growth, Hawtrey, Hayek, Sehumpeter, Samuelson, Hicks
              • Theories of population, Malthusian theory and theory of optimum population

              Commerce: Unit 20


              Trade of India
              • Introduction, trade its meaning and types
              • Difference between internal and international trade
              • Theories of international trade with particular reference to the theory of comparative cost
              • Trade: Terminology and abbreviations
              • India’s internal trade, characteristics and problems
              • Coastal trade and trade of Uttar Pradesh
              • Foreign trade of India, brief history before independence recent trends in India’s foreign trade
              • Composition of imports and exports, changes during planning period
              • Important items of imports and exports
              • Direction of India’s foreign trade, changes in directional pattern during planning period
              • India’s major trading partners
              • State trading organizations, financing of India’s foreign trade role of EXIM, bank ECGC and other institutions in financing of foreign trade, STC, MMTC
              • Trade policy in India, general developments during planning period
              • Import substitution and export promotion
              • Recent changes in trade policy, trade agreements, bilateral and multilateral trade agreements
              • GATT & UNCTAD
              • India’s balance of trade and balance of payments, trends during planning period
              • Problems of Bot, BOP and corrective measures

              Commerce: Unit 21


              Applied & business statistics
              • Statistical system in India; Indian statistical machinery, organization at central state level, national sample survey, design and technique
              • Agricultural statistics in India, nature of crop estimates, estimation of area and yield, industrial statistics, annual survey of industries
              • Statistics of prices, wage, trade and transport
              • Population statistics, vital statistics, computation of birth, death and survival rates
              • Methods of population projection
              • Population census in India
              • Analysis of time series, trend measurement different method of computing seasonal indices
              • Cyclical and irregular-fluctuation
              • National income statistics: Methods of measuring national income and related aggregates
              • Statistical quality control construction and uses of control charts

              Commerce: Unit 22


              Law and practice of banking
              • The ordinary, practice of bankers with regard to the opening and conduct of banking accounts, closing of accounts
              • Banker and customer, general and special relations
              • Law relating to cheques, bill of exchange and other negotiable instruments
              • Discounting of bill of exchange, the practice relating to cheques bills of exchange and other negotiable instruments
              • Banker’s credit, advance and overdrafts traveler cheque, letter of credit, confirmed bankers credit, unconfirmed bankers credit, acceptance credits and documentary credit
              • Revolving credit, banker’s advance against marketable securities, goods & produce, debentures and life insurance policies
              • Unsecured advances, guarantees, precautions/ duties of banker

              Commerce: Unit 23


              Development banking
              • Meaning, determinant and obstacles of economic development, sources and problems of rural and industrial finance
              • Meaning objective, characteristics and functioning of development banks, difference between commercial and development banks
              • Role of commercial banks in agricultural and industrial finance
              • Terms lending operations of land development banks
              • National bank for agricultural and rural development (NABARD), objectives organisation and functions
              • Structure of development banks in India, progress of these banks (terms lending institutions) nd deficiencies in their working
              • National level financial corporation, IFCI, IDBI, ICICI & IDBI, their objectives functions and evaluations of performance
              • State level financial corporation, SFCs and SIDCs, their objectives organizations, functions and evaluations of performance
              • Capital market in India & industrial growth, structure, present position, problems and steps taken by the Government to active and capital market

              Commerce: Unit 24


              Quantitative economics
              • Economics of a fir, applications of differential calculus, cost minimization, profit maximization, price, quantity determination, elementary partial differentiation and economic application
              • Partial elasticities, elementary integral calculus and economics applications
              • Linear programming, meaning, application, limitation simple formulation, graphic method, simplex method duality
              • Games theory, classifying payoff matrix, principle of dominance, strategy, pure strategy and mixed strategies, 2x2mx2, 2xn games
              • Decision theory decision making under risk, decision making under inconsistently, maximum criterion, maximax criterion, hurvics, criterion savage criterion, laplace criterion inventory economics
              • Inventory costs, various inventory models, EOQ with uniform demand, production inventory model, back-order inventory model inventory model with quantity discount, price break approach, reorder point safety stock and stock-outs
              • Determining optimum safety stock levels, ABC analysis
              • Input, output analysis, meaning assumption viability of system, technological co-efficient closed & open economy, determination of output labor requirement price equilibrium and value added
              • Query problems, query discipline formulae for solving single-channel quiring problem

              Disaster studies: Unit 01


              Constitution
              • Constitution, fundamentals of Indian legal system, fundamentals of governance, international legal developments, laws related to disasters, human rights and sustainable development Goals (SDGs)

              Disaster studies: Unit 02


              Social science perspectives of disasters
              • Social science perspectives of disasters, definition, concepts and theories around the key terms in disaster studies (understanding of disaster, risk, hazard, vulnerability, resilience)

              Disaster studies: Unit 03


              Development and disasters
              • Development and disasters, geography of disasters and GIS applications (regional imbalance, health issues, fragile areas and critically endangered zones)

              Disaster studies: Unit 04


              Computer
              • Computer, information and communication technologies, artificial intelligence, database systems (application of modern scientific tools in early warning systems, relief, rehabilitation and appropriate measurement of damages and losses)

              Disaster studies: Unit 05


              Health in emergencies and disaster
              • Health in emergencies and disasters, trauma and stress management (mental health and psychosocial care in disasters), first aid and emergency procedures, chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN) disasters
              • Pandemics, occupational health and safety

              Disaster studies: Unit 06


              Ecology and environment
              • Ecology and environment (dams, pollution, climate change, effluent discharges, human consumption as cause of environmental destruction and increased vulnerability of ecosystems)

              General paper: Unit 01


              English comprehension
              • English grammar
              • English usage errors
              • Jumbled para
              • Sentence correction
              • Sentence improvement
              • Reading Comprehension
              • Paragraph completion
              • One-word substitution
              • Synonyms & antonym

              General paper: Unit 02


              General knowledge/ awareness
              • Literature
              • History
              • Indian constitution
              • Personalities
              • Sports
              • National and international economy
              • Economics
              • Science
              • Politics
              • Legal awareness
              • Trade awareness
              • Geography
              • Culture

              General paper: Unit 03


              Computer basics
              • Fundamentals of computer
              • Computer abbreviations
              • Computer shortcut keys
              • Microsoft window
              • Microsoft office
              • MS word
              • Types of computer
              • Storage devices
              • Hardware and software
              • Input and output devices
              • Internet
              • Computer networks
              • Website
              • Web browser
              • Computer virus
              • Important computer-related terms

              General paper: Unit 04


              General aptitude & logical reasoning general aptitude
              • Clocks
              • Calendar
              • Average
              • Simplification
              • Problems on ages/numbers/trai
              • Lcm and hcf
              • Percentage
              • Profit & loss
              • Partnership
              • Compound interest
              • Ratio & proportion
              • Simple interest
              • Time & work
              • Pipes & cisterns
              • Time & distance
              • Stock & shares
              • Discount/bankers discount
              • Geometry & mensuration
              • Sets & union
              • Permutation & combination
              • Mixture & allegation
              • Area
              • Volume and surface area

              General paper: Unit 05


              Logical reasoning
              • Ranking test
              • linear
              • Arrangement
              • Matrix arrangements
              • Sequencing
              • Statements arguments
              • Cause and effects
              • Statements assumptions
              • Statements and conclusion
              • Number series
              • Blood relationship tests
              • Coding and decoding
              • Inferences
              • Non-verbal reasoning
              • Analogy test
              • Symbol based problems
              • Direction and distance test
              • Analytical reasoning

              Economics: Unit 01


              Micro economics
              • Consumer theory or behavior: Demand, utility, indifference curve, revealed preference theory, consumer surplus
              • Production theory: Production function, law of variable proportions, returns to scale, cost function, types and concepts
              • Price and output determination in market: Perfect and imperfect competition (monopoly, price discrimination, monopolistic, duopoly and oligopoly models) general equilibrium
              • Efficiency and welfare: Equilibrium and efficiency under pure exchange and production; overall efficiency and welfare economics, externality

              Economics: Unit 02


              Macro economic
              • National income account
              • Income and output determination: Aggregate demand and aggregate supply, effective demand principle, classical and Keynesian theory

              Economics: Unit 03


              Money and inflation
              • Demand and supply of money, money multiplier and high-powered money, credit creation, role of Reserve Bank of India and Commercial Banks, quantitative theories of money, Phillips curve
              • Monetary and fiscal policy of India and its role

              Economics: Unit 04


              Consumption and investment function
              • Permanent, relative and life cycle hypothesis, determinants of business fixed investment; residential investment and inventory investment, multiplier and accelerator
              • Open economy models: Mundell and Fleming model (IS, LM and BP curve), balance of payments, exchange rate determination, purchasing power parity
              • Economic growth: Harrod-Domar model, Solow model

              Economics: Unit 05


              Statistical methods in economics
              • Mean, mode, median, dispersion, Skewness, quartile deviation, average deviation, standard deviation
              • Correlation
              • Simple regression model probability distribution sampling

              Economics: Unit 06


              Mathematical methods in economics
              • Sets and vector
              • Functions of one and several real variables, single and multi-variable optimization
              • Integration of functions
              • Difference equations
              • Determinants matrix
              • Linear programming portability
              • Differential equation

              Economics: Unit 07


              Indian economy
              • Macro trends: National income; population; occupational structure
              • Agriculture: Agrarian structure and land relations; agricultural markets and institutions, credit, commerce and technology; trends in performance and productivity; famines
              • Railways and industry: Railways; the deindustrialization debate; evolution of entrepreneurial and industrial structure; nature of industrialization in the interwar period; constraints to industrial breakthrough
              • Labor relations
              • Economy and state in the imperial context
              • The imperial priorities and the Indian economy; drain of wealth; international trade, capital
              • Flows and the colonial economy, changes and continuities; government and fiscal policy
              • New economic policy
              • Public economics: Public and private goods, externalities, budget, deficits, public debt, fiscal Federalism in India
              • Taxation: Its economic effects; deadweight loss and distortion, efficiency and equity considerations, tax incidence, optimal taxation
              • International trade theories: Adam Smith, Ricardo, Heckscher-Ohlin model and New trade theories

              General paper (MBA): Unit 01


              English/ comprehension
              • English grammar
              • English usage errors
              • Jumbled para
              • Sentence correction
              • Sentence improvement
              • Reading Comprehension
              • Paragraph completion
              • One-word substitution
              • Synonyms & antonyms
              • Idioms & phrases

              General paper (MBA): Unit 02


              Maths/ quantitative ability
              • Partnership
              • Simple interest and compound interest
              • Profit & loss
              • Percentages
              • Pipes and cisterns
              • Time-speed, distance
              • Problems on train
              • Work and wages
              • Time and work

              General paper (MBA): Unit 03


              Logical reasoning
              • Ranking tests
              • linear
              • Arrangements
              • Matrix arrangements
              • Sequencing
              • Statements arguments
              • Cause and effects
              • Statements assumptions
              • Statements and conclusion
              • Number series
              • Blood relationship tests
              • Coding and decoding
              • Inferences
              • Non verbal reasoning
              • Analogy test
              • Symbol based problems
              • Direction and distance test

              General paper (MBA): Unit 04


              Data interpretation
              • Pie chart
              • Bar graphs
              • Tabular charts
              • Mixed graph
              • Data sufficiency
              • Graph number system
              • Tabulation
              • Sets and venn diagrams

              Library & Information Science: Unit 01


              Foundation of library and information science
              • Data, information, knowledge, wisdom; knowledge society, information transfer, generation, storage and dissemination of information
              • Five laws of library science, historical development of libraries; types of libraries and information centers; objectives, features, functions of libraries; public relations and extension activities
              • Library legislation in India; The Press and Registration of Books Act; the delivery of books and newspapers (Public Libraries) Act; Copyright Act; Right to Information Act; intellectual property rights; Information Technology Act
              • Librarianship as a profession, professional ethics, national and international professional associations: ILA, IASLIC, IATLIS, IFLA, ALA, CILIP, ASLIB and SLA, role of UNESCO, UGC and RRRLF in the promotion and development of libraries

              Library & Information Science: Unit 02


              Library management
              • Management: Concept, scope, schools of management thoughts principles and functions of management
              • Acquisition of books and subscription of periodicals, technical processing, circulation methods and processes, maintenance, stock verification, shelf, rectification, binding, preservation
              • Sources of library finance, estimation of library’s financial requirements, budgeting, accounting and auditing, cost Effectiveness analysis and cost benefit analysis, human resource management
              • Library committee, library statistics; annual report; library rules and regulations, library building and space management

              Library & Information Science: Unit 03


              Information sources, systems and services
              • Information sources, documentary and non-documentary sources, primary, secondary and tertiary sources of information, human sources of information; institutional sources
              • Reference sources: Characteristics, types, usefulness, electronic sources-E-books, E-journals, ETDs, subject gateways, web portals, bulletin boards, discussion group/ forum, multimedia, resources, databases
              • Reference sources: Institutional repositories, evaluation of reference sources and electronic information sources
              • Reference service: Concept, purpose, types, theories, documentation services-current awareness service (CAS), selective dissemination of information (SDI), translation services, indexing and abstracting services
              • Reference service: Bibliographical services, document delivery services, interlibrary loan, (ILL) service, online services, instant messaging, RSS feeds, podcasts, vodcasts, ask a librarian, mobile based library services and tools
              • Collaborative services: Social networks, social bookmarking, community information services
              • Information systems: Characteristics, functions, national information systems and networks-NISCAIR, NASSDOC, DESIDOC, SENDOC, ENVIS, NICNET, ERNET; national knowledge network (NKN)
              • Global information systems and network: MEDLARS, AGRIS, INIS, INSPEC, BIOSIS, ERIC, patent information system (PIS), biotechnology information system (BIS), library resources sharing and consortia

              Library & Information Science: Unit 04


              Knowledge organization: Classification
              • Universe of knowledge: Nature, attributes, subject-meaning, types (basic, compound, complex), modes of subject formation, universe of knowledge as mapped in different classification schemes (DDC, UDC, CC, LCC)
              • Library classification, canons and postulates, knowledge classification and book classification, notation, call number
              • Species of library classification schemes, dewey decimal classification (DDC), colon classification (CC); universal decimal classification (UDC, library of congress classification (LCC)
              • Current trends simple knowledge organization systems (SKOS), automatic classification, web dewey, taxonomies, folksonomies

              Library & Information Science: Unit 05


              Knowledge organization: Cataloguing
              • Library catalogue, physical forms of library catalogue: Conventional and non-conventional, types of catalogues, dictionary catalogue, classified catalogue, alphabetico-classed catalogue, alphabetic, subject catalogue
              • Catalogue codes, normative principles, catalogue entries according to CCC and AACR (latest editions), authority file
              • Subject catalogue: Meaning, purpose, union catalogue, concept, purpose, tools and techniques for deriving subject headings, selective, simplified, cooperative and centralized cataloguing
              • ISBD, CCF, RDA, FRBR and Bib frame metadata: Meaning, purpose, types, uses, MARC 21, DUBLIN CORE, TEI (text encoding initiative), METS, EAD, VRA core, MODES, standards for bibliographic interchange and communication: ISO 2709, Z39.50 and Z39.7

              Library & Information Science: Unit 06


              Information and communication technology
              • Computers, concept, generations, types; hardware; units of computers-arithmetic and logic unit, control units; Input and output unit, memory unit
              • Software: System software, operating systems, ms-windows, UNIX and LINUX; application software, ms-word, ms-excel and ms-powerpoint, introduction to character recognition, programming language
              • Library automation, planning and implementation of automation in housekeeping operations, retrospective conversion, standards for library automation; library management software-proprietary, free and open source software (FOSS)
              • Telecommunication, transmission channels, mode, and media, ISDN, PSDN, technologies modulation, frequency, bandwidth and multiplexing, standards and protocols, wireless communication-media, wi-fi, satellite communication, mobile communication
              • Computer networks: Concept, need; topologies; types-LAN, MAN, WAN, internet, web browsers, WWW, E-mail; search engines internet protocols and standards, HTTP, FTP, SMTP, TCP/IP, URI, URL; search strategies
              • Data and network security: Firewalls, cryptographic techniques, anti-virus software, anti-spyware, intrusion detection system, library networks (regional, national, international)

              Masters of education: Unit 01


              Meaning and nature of education
              • Modes of education-formal, non-formal, open and MOOCS
              • Aims of education
              • Philosophy and education
              • Meaning and scope of philosophy
              • Functions of philosophy
              • Relationship between education and philosophy
              • Significance of philosophy of education

              Masters of education: Unit 02


              Western schools of philosophy
              • Naturalism
              • Idealism
              • Pragmatis
              • Existentialism their educational implications for aims content
              • Methods of teaching and role of a teacher and concept of discipline
              • Educational thinkers: M.K Gandhi, Allamah, Iqbal, John Dewey, J.J Rousseau

              Masters of education: Unit 03


              Indian society and education
              • Education as a sub-system of Indian society
              • Education and relationship with Indian Social structure
              • Social demand for education
              • School as a social unit: Democracy in school life, culture and education

              Masters of education: Unit 04


              Psychology & educational psychology
              • Nature & meaning of psychology: Nature, meaning and functions of educational psychology
              • Learning & motivation: Concept of learning & motivation, factors of influencing learning, personal & environmental
              • Techniques of enhancing learners motivation: S‐R theory of learning (Thorndike), classical conditioning (Pavlov), operant conditioning, theory of learning (Skinner) and Gestalt theory of learning (Kohler et al)
              • Techniques of enhancing learners motivation: Cognitive theory (Piaget), social development theory (Vygotsky)
              • Behaviorism: Constructivism and eclectic approach

              Masters of education: Unit 05


              Intelligence and personality
              • Nature & meaning, measurement of intelligence: Concept of I.Q, verbal, non‐verbal & performance tests, two‐factor theory (Spearman), multifactor theory (Thurston), structure of intellect (Guilford), multiple intelligence (Gardner) personality
              • Meaning & nature and development of personality: Biological & socio‐culture determinant a brief overview of Trait‐theory of personality (Allport), factor‐theory of personality (Cattell)
              • Meaning & nature and development of personality: Psychoanalytic theory of personality (Freud), Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and their educational implication
              • Definition, concept and importance of inclusive education
              • Historical perspectives on education of children with diverse needs
              • Difference between special education integrated education and inclusive education
              • Advantages of inclusive education for all children

              Masters of education: Unit 06


              Concept & functions of educational management
              • Basis of management planning
              • Organizing, control, direction and financing
              • School as a unit of decentralization planning

              Masters of education: Unit 07


              Modern management techniques
              • Case study
              • Manpower surveys
              • Educational management information system (EMIS)
              • Nature, scope & types of guidance: Meaning and definitions of counseling, counseling as profession
              • Phases of counseling process: Assessment, intervention, and termination, qualities of an effective counselor

              Masters of education: Unit 08


              Elementary education in India, concept of elementary education
              • Objectives of elementary education (UEE)
              • District primary education programmed (DPEP)
              • Universalization of elementary education (UEE)
              • Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) 2002
              • Right to Education Act (RTE) 2009

              Masters of education: Unit 09


              Current issue
              • Universalization of elementary education with special reference to Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
              • Education of children with special needs
              • Women’s education
              • Education of weaker sections

              Masters of education: Unit 10


              Teaching process
              • Concept of teaching
              • Characteristics & functions of teaching
              • Principles & maxims of teaching
              • Techniques of teacher‐preparation: Microteaching-nature & meaning, main proposition, phases, steps, merits & limitations, simulated, nature & meaning, teaching role play, advantages & limitations
              • Techniques of teacher‐preparation: Programmed learning‐meaning & characteristics, learning, principles & development of the programmed instructions
              • Types of merits & demerit

              M.A. education: Unit 01


              Education & philosophy
              • Nature & meaning of education, relationship between philosophy & education

              M.A. education: Unit 02


              Major philosophies of education
              • Naturalism; idealism; pragmatism

              M.A. education: Unit 03


              Educational thinkers & their contribution in developing principles of education
              • M. K. Gandhi: Basic education; Tagore, John Dewey-learning by doing

              M.A. education: Unit 04


              Culture & social change
              • Concept & dimensions of culture; relationship between culture & education with special reference to conservative and creativity roles; concept of social change and roles of education for social change

              M.A. education: Unit 05


              Psychology & educational psychology
              • Nature & meaning of psychology; nature, meaning and functions of educational psychology

              M.A. education: Unit 06


              Learning & motivation
              • Concept of learning & motivation; factors of influencing learning, personal & environmental, techniques of enhancing learners motivation; S‐R theory of learning (Thorndike), classical conditioning (Pavlov)
              • Operant conditioning theory of learning (Skinner) and Gestalt theory of learning (Kohler et al), cognitive theory (Piaget), social development theory (Vygotsky), behaviorism, constructivism and eclectic approach

              M.A. education: Unit 07


              Growth and development
              • Concept, stages of development, role of hereditary and environment in the development of individual

              M.A. education: Unit 08


              Intelligence
              • Nature & meaning, measurement of intelligence, concept of I.Q, verbal, nonverbal & performance tests; two‐factor theory (Spearman); multifactor theory (Thurston); structure of intellect (Guilford), multiple Intelligence (Gardner)

              M.A. education: Unit 09


              Personality
              • Meaning & nature and development of personality, biological & socio‐culture determinants, a brief overview of Trait‐theory of personality (Allport), factor‐theory of personality (Cattell), psychoanalytic theory of personality (Freud)
              • Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and their educational implication

              M.A. education: Unit 10


              Current issues
              • Universalization of elementary education with special reference to Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan; education of children with special needs, women’s education, education of weaker sections, Right to Education Act 2009

              M.A. education: Unit 11


              Teaching process
              • Concept of teaching; characteristics & functions of teaching; principles & maxims of teaching

              M.A. education: Unit 12


              Techniques of teacher‐preparation
              • Microteaching, nature & meaning, main proposition, phases, steps, merits & limitations; simulated, nature & meaning, teaching role play, advantages & limitations; programmed learning, meaning & characteristics
              • Learning, principles & development of the programmed instructions, types, merits & demerits

              M.A. education: Unit 13


              Taxonomy of educational objectives & lesson planning
              • Bloom’s taxonomy of instructional objectives, cognitive, affective & psychomotor domains; meaning & significance of lesson planning, preparation of lesson planning, lesson plan in constructivist approach

              M.A. education: Unit 14


              Methods of teaching
              • Play way method; project method; discussion method, Heuristic method, activity method, cooperative learning

              M.A. education: Unit 15


              ICT
              • Basics in ICT, multimedia approach, use of ICT in teaching learning process

              Mass communication and journalism: Unit 01


              General awareness of Indian political and economic environment

                Mass communication and journalism: Unit 02


                International developments (political and entertainment)

                  Mass communication and journalism: Unit 03


                  Awareness of current public issues

                    Mass communication and journalism: Unit 04


                    Indian history and social science

                      Mass communication and journalism: Unit 06


                      Mass media and society

                        Physical education: Unit 01


                        Historical perspective
                        • Physical Education and Sports in Ancient Greece, Rome and India
                        • Ancient Olympics Games

                        Physical education: Unit 02


                        Philosophical perspective
                        • Philosophies of education as applied to physical education-idealism, pragmatism, naturalism and realism

                        Physical education: Unit 03


                        Psychological perspective
                        • Psycho-physical unity of human organism, laws of learning, their application to sports situations
                        • Theories of play, learning stages, motor skill learning, learning curve, transfer of training
                        • Sports psychology theories
                        • Personality and its types
                        • Leadership
                        • Concepts of motivation, stress and anxiety
                        • Group cohesion

                        Physical education: Unit 04


                        Sociological Perspective
                        • Orthodoxy, customs, religion, festivals, traditions and physical education
                        • Socialization through physical education & sports, social conglomeration and social group, primary group and remote group
                        • Features and importance of culture
                        • Impact of culture on lifestyle

                        Physical education: Unit 05


                        Anatomy and physiology
                        • Levels of structural organization of human body
                        • Growth and development
                        • Various systems of the human body
                        • Skeleton system, circulatory system and blood, respiratory system, muscular system, digestive system, excretory system, endocrine system, energy system, nervous system
                        • Structural classification and the functions of muscles
                        • Movements of muscles

                        Physical education: Unit 06


                        Health education
                        • Nutrition
                        • Balanced diet
                        • Proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals
                        • Sources of nutrition and micro-nutrients
                        • Personal hygiene
                        • Environment and health
                        • Communicable disease

                        Physical education: Unit 07


                        Sports training
                        • Methods of sports training
                        • Periodization
                        • Environmental factors and sports performance
                        • Effect of exercise on body systems
                        • Drugs and doping in sports

                        Physical education: Unit 08


                        Kinesiology & sports biomechanics
                        • Terminology of fundamental movements; planes and axis
                        • Body levers
                        • Centre of gravity
                        • Equilibrium
                        • Newton’s laws of motion
                        • Force; direction and application
                        • Speed, acceleration, velocity and momentum
                        • Postural deformities
                        • Common sports injuries
                        • First aid

                        Physical education: Unit 09


                        Introduction to research
                        • Types of research
                        • Research problem
                        • Review of literature
                        • Hypothesis
                        • Sampling methods
                        • Data collection
                        • Data analysis and evaluation
                        • Research report writing

                        Physical education: Unit 10


                        Test, measurement and evaluation in physical education
                        • Formative and summative evaluation; classification of test: Knowledge test, criterion for the selection test-validity, reliability, objectivity, norms and standard
                        • Physical fitness tests: AAHPER Youth Fitness Tests, National Physical Fitness Tests, Indiana Motor Fitness Tests, JCR Tests
                        • Skill tests for various games and sports

                        Physical education: Unit 11


                        Sports management
                        • Organization and administration of games and sports
                        • Intramural, extramural and competitions
                        • Sports facilities

                        Physical education: Unit 12


                        Major sports competitions and awards
                        • Modern olympics games, asian games, commonwealth games, national games
                        • Recent events in sports

                        Physical education: Unit 13


                        Rules, regulations and records of games and sport
                        • Athletics, swimming, tennis, basketball, football, hockey, cricket, kabaddi, wrestling, kho-kho, handball, volleyball, badminton, boxing, yoga

                        Physical education: Unit 14


                        National sports scheme and policy, administrative and academic institutes of excellence
                        • Sports Authority of India, N.S. National Institute of Sports, N.C.T.E., N.C.E.R.T., U.G.C., L.N.I.P.E
                        • National Sports Association/ Federation their composition and functions
                        • Recent developments in Physical Education
                        • Institute of sports, National Education Policy

                        Sports physiology: Unit 01


                        Biochemistry
                        • Structure and function of carbohydrate, protein, nucleic acid, fatty acids, lipids and enzymes, bioenergetics, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, citric acid cycle
                        • Electron transfer system, oxidative phosphorylation; metabolic regulation of glucose and glycogen, lipid biosynthesis, fatty acids catabolism, biosynthesis, oxidation and production of urea

                        Sports physiology: Unit 02


                        Genetics
                        • Principles of inheritance, linkage & crossing over, chromosomal aberrations, mutation, extrachromosomal inheritance, replication, transcription, translation, DNA repair, transformation, transduction, conjugation and population genetics

                        Sports physiology: Unit 03


                        Human physiology
                        • Cellular physiology; exercise and energy metabolism; macronutrients, micronutrients and water, basic energy systems and their functions, drugs and doping; blood, body fluids and endocrinology
                        • Exercise and muscular system: Classification of muscle, physiological anatomy of skeletal muscle, motor unit and all-or-none law, muscular adaptations in response to training; exercise
                        • Cardiovascular system: Basic anatomy of heart and vessels, cardiac output and cardiac cycle; exercise and respiratory system-physiological anatomy of respiratory system, internal and external respiration
                        • Exercise and nervous system: Nervous system types, components and their functions, structure, types and functions of neuron, synaptic junction; exercise and thermoregulation; hypo and hyperthermia, mechanisms of heat exchange

                        Sports physiology: Unit 04


                        Human psychology
                        • Introduction to psychology and sport psychology; cognitive processes motivation and emotion; personality and intelligence; group dynamics; mood disorders-unipolar disorder, bipolar disorder, depression; personality disorders and schizophrenia
                        • Growth and development at different stages of life; learning processes; personality, motivation and emotion; coping with stress

                        Sports physiology: Unit 05


                        Mechanics
                        • Scalar and vector, force, momentum, velocity work, momentum, projectile motion, gravitation, circular motion, rotational motion, simple harmonic motion, sound waves, potential and kinetic energy, conservation of energy, elasticity
                        • Angular momentum, moment of inertia, radius of gyration

                        Sports physiology: Unit 06


                        Food and nutrition
                        • Food groups and RDA, functions, metabolism, sources and deficiency of nutrients, water, energy, CHO, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals
                        • Cereals and millet, legumes and oil seeds, fruits and vegetables, flesh foods and eggs, milk and milk products, sugar and jaggery, fats and oils
                        • Etiology, symptoms,and dietary management in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, metabolic disorders, kidney diseases, diseases of cardiovascular system, diet for weight management, diet for allergic conditions
                        • Introduction to quality control, evaluation and assurance, organization of quality control department; food laws and standards, control of food quality, evaluation of food safety
                        • Food adulteration- classification & detection methods of adulterants Hygiene and sanitation- issue in food safety, potable water, cleaning and washing, cleaning agents, personal hygiene of the food handlers,food contamination and its hazards

                        Hospital management: Unit 01


                        Health and disease concepts
                        • Various dimensions and determinants of health, measures and indicators of health and related issues, natural history of disease and sciences, primary health care services, hospital and its role in health and diseases

                        Hospital management: Unit 02


                        Environment and health
                        • Effect of various factors like water, air, light, ventilation, noise, meteorological environment, humidity, housing, disposal of waste, excreta disposal on health and wellbeing
                        • Basic concepts of biological/medical entomology & insecticides, rodents & related disease, radiation, and zoonosis on public health and health administration

                        Hospital management: Unit 03


                        Medicine and social science
                        • Understanding the concepts in sociology of health, psychology and health, social psychology, family in health and disease in understanding health
                        • Cultural factors in health and disease, hospital sociology, social problems and health
                        • Basic health economics, social security and health of population

                        Hospital management: Unit 04


                        Hospital waste management
                        • Basic understanding of sources of health care waste, health care waste hazards, method of treatment and bio-medical waste management for healthcare administration

                        Hospital management: Unit 05


                        Basic epidemiology and population health
                        • Understanding population health and epidemiology, rates, ratios and measurement of morbidity and mortality of health and related parameters, basic statistics of association and causation in biological sciences
                        • Concepts of disease transmission, immunity, and immunizing agent, basic understanding of disease prevention and control in India

                        Hospital management: Unit 06


                        Basic understanding of biological sciences and life sciences
                        • Recent developments in cell biology, genetics, pharmaceutical sciences, health care information technology, nutrition sciences, diagnostics, bio-technology, vaccine development, and sanitation
                        • General awareness on healthcare, current happenings of healthcare and life sciences sector, population health, epidemiol

                        Hospital management: Unit 07


                        General awareness on healthcare
                        • Current happenings of healthcare and life sciences sector, population health, epidemiology, basic public health and programs of India, basic physiology and anatomy of human body, society and health
                        • Understanding hospital management, understanding of World Health Organization and other bodies of International Health, basic issues and challenges of healthcare business verticals such as pharmaceuticals
                        • Healthcare information technology, healthcare entrepreneurship, and hospital management
                        • Understanding of national health programs

                        Hospital management: Unit 08


                        Introduction to hospitals
                        • Types of hospitals, health system in India sub-centre, PHC, CHC, first referral units, districts hospitals, corporate hospitals and charitable trust hospitals

                        Hospital management: Unit 09


                        Departments in hospitals
                        • Clinical departments in hospitals-basic specialization
                        • General medicine, surgery, ODG, pediatrics, anaesthesia super specializations and sub-specializations in hospitals, cardiology, urology, neurology etc

                        Hospital management: Unit 10


                        Supportive services in hospitals
                        • CSSD, pharmacy, linen and laundry, food and beverages, dietary services in hospitals

                        Hospital management: Unit 11


                        Engineering services
                        • Heating, ventilation and air conditioning, civil, electrical, water Supply

                        Hospital management: Unit 12


                        Hospital management fundamental
                        • Process of management, principles of management, accounting and costing in hospitals

                        Hospital management: Unit 13


                        Materials and equipments in hospitals
                        • Classification of equipments-diagnostic and therapeutic equipments, X-Ray, CT, MRI, PET CT, Cath-lab, dialysis, OT equipments, purchasing and store

                        Hospital management: Unit 14


                        Infection control and bio-medical waste management
                        • Nosocomial infections and their prevention, bio-medical waste, rules and regulations

                        Hospital management: Unit 15


                        Legal aspects, laws pertaining to hospital and health care
                        • Consumer Protection Act, PCPNDT act, human organ transplantation committees in the hospitals, ICC committee, infection control committee, ethical issues in hospitals

                        Hospital management: Unit 16


                        Management concepts in the hospitals
                        • Human resources management- doctors, nurses, paramedics, recruitment, selection, training motivation, finance management, budgetization, and marketing of hospital services

                        Hospital management: Unit 17


                        Disaster preparedness and hospital management
                        • Types of disasters, disasters management team, various codes used during disaster

                        Ancient Indian history, culture & architecture: Unit 01


                        Political history of India from circa 600 B.C. to 1200 A.D.
                        • Political history of India (circa 600 AD to 300 AD), political history of India (circa 300 AD to 750 AD), political history of North India (circa 750 AD to 1200 AD), political history of South India (circa 750 AD to 1200 AD)

                        Ancient Indian history, culture & architecture: Unit 02


                        Prehistory and protohistory of India

                          Ancient Indian history, culture & architecture: Unit 03


                          Ancient Indian social and economic life institution

                            Ancient Indian history, culture & architecture: Unit 04


                            Religion and philosophy of ancient India
                            • Vedic and pure religions jainism and buddhist

                            Ancient Indian history, culture & architecture: Unit 05


                            Early Indian art and architecture
                            • From beginning to gupta period
                            • Early medieval India

                            Ancient Indian history, culture & architecture: Unit 06


                            Ancient Indian paleography and epigraphy

                              Ancient Indian history, culture & architecture: Unit 07


                              Ancient Indian numismatic

                                Ancient Indian history, culture & architecture: Unit 08


                                Ancient civilization
                                • India's cultural contacts with South East Asia

                                Ancient Indian history, culture & architecture: Unit 09


                                History writing and historiography of ancient

                                  Ancient Indian history, culture & architecture: Unit 10


                                  History of science & technology in India

                                    Anthropology: Unit 01


                                    Physical anthropology/ biological anthropology
                                    • Theories of biological evolution, Lamarckism and Neo-Lamarckism, Darwinism and Neo-Darwinism, synthetic theory of evolution
                                    • Cell structure, RNA, DNA structure and function; DNA replication; protein synthesis
                                    • Human chromosomes; chromosomal aberrations
                                    • Human blood group systems ABO and Rh
                                    • Mendel’s laws linkage and crossing over, inheritance pattern
                                    • Population genetics; evolutionary forces, mutation, genetic difference, administrative, natural selection, cell divisions; mitosis, meiosis
                                    • General characteristics of primates
                                    • New world monkeys and old world monkeys: Anatomical changes in becoming a biped, vertebral column and skull, pelvis and birth canal, leg, foot, arm morphological differences between apes and man
                                    • General characteristics of early hominids, australopithecus, homo erectus, neanderthal man, archaic homo sapiens
                                    • Human variation and adaptation: Racial classification, human skeleton, anthropometry, somatometry, osteometry, craniometry; human growth and development
                                    • Human health and ecology
                                    • Methods of basic data analysis, central tendency, dispersion, normal distribution, chi-square test

                                    Anthropology: Unit 02


                                    Social and cultural anthropology
                                    • Major branches of anthropology
                                    • Social and cultural anthropology: Concept, definition and its scope, ethnology and ethnography
                                    • Society-social group, definition and characteristics of society, social institutions, preliterate societies, complex societies
                                    • Social stratification-age, caste, class, gender, division of labour, varna and caste system in India
                                    • Social change-theories, factors of social change, industrialization, modernization and developments
                                    • Marriage-forms of marriage, ways of acquiring mate, functions of marriage, endogamy, exogamy, residence after marriage, preferential forms of marriage in traditional societies
                                    • Kinship-function, consanguineal and affinal, kinship terminology and kinship behavior, lineage, clan
                                    • Family-nuclear, joint and extended, characteristic and functions
                                    • Theories on origin of family, patriarchal and matriarchal family
                                    • Religion-origin of religion, animism, animatism
                                    • Magic or primitive science
                                    • Types of magic-contagious, imitative, black and white magic
                                    • Economy-hunting and gathering, subsistence economy, reciprocity, barter system, redistribution, kula ring, potlatch
                                    • Polity-state and stateless society, chiefdom, political organization in pre-industrial society, power and dispute settlement, norms, mores and penalty measures, oath and ordeals in customary law
                                    • Culture
                                    • Definition and characteristics of culture, material and non-material culture, rites and rituals, rites de passage, sacred complex, sanskritization and westernization, little and great tradition, enculturation, acculturation, assimilation, cultural lag

                                    Anthropology: Unit 03


                                    Thought and theories in social-cultural anthropology
                                    • Social evolution, classical, neo-evolution and cultural ecology, school of diffusion, functionalism, neo-functionalism, structural-functionalism, structuralism, culture pattern, ethnocentrism, historical particularism and cultural relativism
                                    • Contribution of social-cultural anthropologists
                                    • E.B. Tylor, L.H. Morgan, Julian Steward, Leslie White, B. Malinowski, Radcliffe Brown, Franz Boas, Margaret Mead, Ruth Benedict, Levi Strauss, Edmund Leach, M.N. Srinivas, L.P. Vidyarthi, S.C. Dube, D.N Majumdar, N.K Bose, G.S. Ghurye
                                    • Concept of tribe and constitutional safeguards to scheduled tribes
                                    • Linguistic anthropology: Structure of language, phoneme, morphemes, sentence, grammar, script. Linguistic classification of Indian population
                                    • Role of applied anthropology in administration, policy and public health
                                    • Fieldwork tradition in social anthropology
                                    • Fieldwork, rapport building, primary and secondary data, questionnaire and schedule, observation, case study method and interview

                                    Anthropology: Unit 04


                                    Archaeological anthropology
                                    • History and growth; aims, scopus
                                    • Prehistoric culture, definition and bases of classification
                                    • Major stages, Pleistocene and Holocene, plio-pleistocene boundary; major environment and climatic changes of Pleistocene-glacial, pluvial
                                    • Dating, relative dating-stratigraphy, pollen analysis, absolute dating methods, radiocarbon-14, potassium-argon, dendrochronology, thermoluminescence
                                    • Limitations of relative dating and absolute dating methods
                                    • Prehistoric lithic tool typology and technology-lower palaeolithic-pebble tools, chopper and chopping tools, hand axes and cleaver
                                    • Middle palaeolithic, clactonian, levalloisian and mousterian flakes, scrapers, point
                                    • Upper palaeolithic, knife, borer, burin, points; mesolithic, microlithic
                                    • Neolithic, celt (axe, adze), ring stone, grinding stone
                                    • Block on block or anvil technique, direct percussion or stone hammer technique, cylinder or hollow hammer technique, clactonian technique, levalloisian technique, discoid core or mousterian technique
                                    • Blade or fluting technique, pressure flaking technique, step flaking technique, retouch, grinding and polishing
                                    • Pleistocene and Holocene prehistoric cultures, Lower palaeolithic, pebble and acheulian tool culture (oldowan, sohan, madrasian, attirampakkam, choukoutien); middle palaeolithic
                                    • Mousterian (Belan valley, Bhimbetka, Nevasa); Upper palaeolithic, (Birbhanpur, Bagor, Adamgarh, Sarai Nahar Rai); Mesolithic, Langhnaj & Bhimbetka; Neolithic, Burzahom, Brahmagiri, Sanganakallu, Daojali Hading
                                    • Chalcolithic cultures in India: Distribution, habitat and economy
                                    • Characters and antiquity of Ahar
                                    • Indus valley Civilization- extent, features and causes of decline of Indus civilization
                                    • Iron age in India, antiquity, stages; PGW and NBP
                                    • Megalithic, concept and types: Menhir, avenue, dolmen, cairn, cist

                                    Applied arts: Unit 04


                                    Understanding about layout

                                      Applied arts: Unit 06


                                      Types of newspaper advertising

                                        Applied arts: Unit 09


                                        Types of magazines advertising

                                          Applied arts: Unit 10


                                          Technical aspects of magazine

                                            Applied arts: Unit 15


                                            Sampling, premiums and coupons

                                              Applied arts: Unit 17


                                              Advertising as communication

                                                Applied arts: Unit 19


                                                Advertising & consumer behavior

                                                  Applied arts: Unit 22


                                                  Introduction of communication

                                                    Applied arts: Unit 27


                                                    Portraiture photography

                                                      Applied arts: Unit 28


                                                      Different lighting effects

                                                        Applied arts: Unit 33


                                                        Design reproduction
                                                        • Composition and typographical setting with layout

                                                        Arts and aesthetic: Unit 01


                                                        Visual studies
                                                        • Broad knowledge of the history of world art in general, and of art in South Asia, from Indus Valley civilization till the present, in particular
                                                        • Candidates should have an understanding of formal, stylistic and iconographic aspects of South Asian art and be able to place them in their literary, cultural, historical, religious and liturgical context
                                                        • In addition, a broad knowledge of the history of western art, from the renaissance to the present day, and of the history of Asian art, including Far Eastern and Islamic art, are valuable
                                                        • An awareness of current debates and new developments around art, heritage, museums and exhibitions is important, with an emphasis on the ability to critically engage with issues and themes related to art

                                                        Arts and aesthetic: Unit 02


                                                        Cinema studies
                                                        • Broad knowledge of world cinema, film movements, digital media cultures and, film/ media Practice
                                                        • There should be awareness of film media’s status as an aesthetic practice, a mass cultural form and an instigator of public debates
                                                        • Candidates should display their knowledge of the public presence of cinema/ media and the way certain film practices get linked to political controversies, festival bans, censorship debates and vandalism at exhibition venues
                                                        • Some knowledge of the role of film criticism and writing about cinema in the popular press

                                                        Arts and aesthetic: Unit 03


                                                        Theatre and performance studies
                                                        • Broad knowledge of the history of theatre and dance including classical Greek theatre, Elizabethan theatre, classical Indian theatre, music, dance and performance cultures
                                                        • Bhakti performance traditions in India, modern theatre and contemporary performance practices
                                                        • Some familiarity with dance in the larger context of Indian dance history, relationship of dance and society
                                                        • Likewise, an engagement with musical traditions, both classical and popular
                                                        • Some awareness of basic concepts like rasa and catharsis, the dynamics of body, space and time in different theatrical and dance traditions, the role of the actor/performer and spectator
                                                        • Basic knowledge of the theoretical writings of Bharata, Bhatkhande, Kapila Vatsyayan, Susan Foster, Stanislavski, Brecht, Augusto Boal, Badal Sircar
                                                        • An ability to see performances critically with an awareness of their social and political contexts
                                                        • Emphasis on the capacity to describe the performances of everyday life, including festivals, rituals and ceremonies experienced at a local level within specific regional contexts

                                                        Development and labour studies: Unit 03


                                                        Broad thematic areas of major social science disciplines

                                                          Development and labour studies: Unit 04


                                                          Political

                                                            Development and labour studies: Unit 05


                                                            Economy

                                                              Development and labour studies: Unit 06


                                                              Theories and contemporary history of development

                                                                Development and labour studies: Unit 07


                                                                Development economy

                                                                  Development and labour studies: Unit 08


                                                                  Indian economy

                                                                    Development and labour studies: Unit 09


                                                                    Society and politics in India

                                                                      Development and labour studies: Unit 10


                                                                      Sociological and political theories

                                                                        Fine arts: Unit 01


                                                                        Art history
                                                                        • European art history
                                                                        • Indian art history
                                                                        • Renascence in art, paintings painted during renaissance post
                                                                        • Renaissance paintings
                                                                        • Painters in Indian and Europe
                                                                        • Biographies of European and Indian painters
                                                                        • Museums and art galleries of India

                                                                        Fine arts: Unit 02


                                                                        Fundamentals of art
                                                                        • Types and expression
                                                                        • Painting from memory, painting an object
                                                                        • Calligraphy, types of fonts and medium

                                                                        Fine arts: Unit 03


                                                                        Sculpture
                                                                        • Indian sculpture
                                                                        • Iconography in Indian and European art carving
                                                                        • Tools and stone
                                                                        • Famous sculptures of India and Europe
                                                                        • Types of paper and paper sizes

                                                                        Fine arts: Unit 04


                                                                        Printing technology
                                                                        • Lithography, offset, screen printing, inkjet and other methods of printing
                                                                        • Etching and methods of pattern transfer

                                                                        Geography: Unit 01


                                                                        Geomorphology
                                                                        • Solar system and the earth-origin of the earth: Important theories, earth's interior, geological time scale earth's materials and minerals, rocks classification and characteristics, earth surface configuration
                                                                        • Solar system and the earth-origin of the earth: Order of landforms, Wegener's theory, Plate tectonics
                                                                        • Endogenic processes: Folds, fault, dome and their resultant landforms, earthquakes and volcanic activities-causes, resultant landforms and world distribution
                                                                        • Exogenic processes: Weathering, mass wasting and resultant landforms, formation of regolith and soil geomorphic agents and processes-fluvial, glacial, coastal, arid and karst landforms, geomorphic hazards and their effects

                                                                        Geography: Unit 02


                                                                        Climatology
                                                                        • Elements of weather and climate: Composition and structure of the atmosphere, head budget
                                                                        • Atmospheric pressure: Vertical and horizontal distribution, winds and their causes of circulation, types of planetary, periodic and local winds, temperatur-factors and distribution, temperature inversion
                                                                        • Atmosphere moisture: Humidity, evaporation and condensation, hydrological cycle, types, regional and seasonal distribution, monsoon
                                                                        • Air masses and fronts, atmospheric disturbances: Tropical and temperate cyclones, anticyclones El Nino-Southern oscillation (ENSO), recent climatic variability phenomenon
                                                                        • Climatic classification-basis of Koppen's and Thornthwaite's classification, role of climate in human life, atmospheric pollution and global warming-general causes and consequences

                                                                        Geography: Unit 03


                                                                        Oceanography
                                                                        • Surface configuration of the ocean floor, hypsographic curve: Continental self, continental slope, abyssal plain, trenches and deeps, relief of atlantic, pacific, and Indian oceans
                                                                        • Distribution of temperature and salinity of oceans and sea-circulation of oceanic waters, waves and currents, currents of atlantic, pacific and Indian oceans, tides-causes, types and theories
                                                                        • Marine deposits-coral reefs: Types and their formation, coastal environment, ocean as storehouse.of resources for the future

                                                                        Geography: Unit 04


                                                                        Biogeography
                                                                        • Biosphere: Meaning and concept, components of ecosystem and ecology-biomes-world major biomes and their characteristics
                                                                        • Functions: Trophic levels, energy flows, cycles (geo-chemical, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen), food chain, food web and ecological pyramid
                                                                        • Human interaction and impacts-environmental ethics, environmental hazards and disasters (global warming, urban heat island, atmospheric pollution, water pollution, land degradation)
                                                                        • Environmental policies, environmental impact assessment

                                                                        Geography: Unit 05


                                                                        Physical geography of India
                                                                        • Land of diversities, geological structure, physical features and divisions, drainage pattern, soil types and distribution, natural vegetation
                                                                        • Climate: Seasons, monsoon (origin, regional and seasonal variations), distribution of temperature and rainfall, local winds
                                                                        • Mineral and power resources: Major types and their potential, distribution and production, sources of non-conventional energy

                                                                        Geography: Unit 06


                                                                        Geographic thought
                                                                        • Nature and scope of geography-a brief historical overview of geography as a discipline, branches of geography-general characteristics and inter-relationships
                                                                        • Contributions of Greek, Roman, Arab, Chinese and Indian scholars, contributors for the development of modern geography, recent trends in geography
                                                                        • Dualisms in geographic studies (physical vs. human, regional vs. systematic, qualitative vs. quantitative, idiographic vs. nomothetic), paradigm shift
                                                                        • Perspectives in geography (positivism, behaviouralism, humanism, structuralism, feminism and postmodernism)

                                                                        Geography: Unit 07


                                                                        Population geography
                                                                        • Division of mankind-racial groups and culture: Systems, characteristics and distribution, human adaptation to the environment, adaptation in modern society, globalization and cultural change, language, communication and belief
                                                                        • Distribution and density of population: Factors, growth and distribution-population composition, population theories, health and wellbeing
                                                                        • Migration: Internal and international, settlements-rural and urban, urbanization process, patterns and world distribution, population policies
                                                                        • Electoral geography, frontiers and boundaries, geopolitics and world order, geopolitical conflicts

                                                                        Geography: Unit 08


                                                                        Geography of resources
                                                                        • Nature and components of resources, resources and environment interface, classification of resources-renewable and non-renewable, biotic and abiotic resources
                                                                        • Water, forests and soil resources: Types, distribution, economic and environmental significance, problems of deforestation, soil erosion and water pollution
                                                                        • Exploitation of natural resources, impact of Human activities-deforestation, mining, agriculture and industrialization on environment, population pressure and resources utilization
                                                                        • Population explosion and food security environmental hazards: Pollution and its related problems, emerging environmental

                                                                        Geography: Unit 09


                                                                        Economic geography
                                                                        • Sectors of economic activity: Primary, secondary and tertiary, favourable geographical conditions for different economic activities
                                                                        • Agriculture: Primary crops (wheat, rice and maize), commercial crops (cotton, sugarcane, tea, coffee, rubber) distribution and production, livestock and fisheries, important fishing grounds
                                                                        • Mining economy: Factors governing the exploitation of minerals, world reserves and production of iron ore, manganese, bauxite and copper
                                                                        • Fuel and power resources of the world, distribution and production of coal, petroleum, hydroelectric power, atomic energy and non-conventional sources of energy
                                                                        • Manufacturing industries: Factors affecting location, growth and distribution of major industries, world production and distribution
                                                                        • Nature and trends in the International trade, world trade of wheat, cotton, tea, coffee, petroleum, gold, silver, gems and jew
                                                                        • Transport: Relative significance of different means of transport, factors affecting land, water and air transport, world oceanic routes, important inland waterways and important canals, impact of globalization on world economy

                                                                        Geography: Unit 10


                                                                        Human geography of India
                                                                        • Cultural landscape: Population growth, distribution and density, population composition, settlements and urbanization
                                                                        • Agriculture: Major crops, impact of green revolution, regionalization of Indian agriculture
                                                                        • Industrial development, location and distribution of iron and steel, cement, cotton textile and sugar industry, industrial regions and their characteristics, industrial policies in India
                                                                        • Transport networks (railways, roadways, waterways, airways and pipelines), international internal and external trade (trend, composition and direction)
                                                                        • Regional development planning in India, globalisation and its impact on Indian economy, changing nature of Indian economy, socio-economic development, impact of development on environment and natural resources

                                                                        Geography: Unit 11


                                                                        Cartography
                                                                        • Elements of map science, concepts of scale and map, types of maps and scales, construction of graphic/ linear scales, enlargement and reduction of maps-methods and procedures, map compilation and generalization
                                                                        • General principles and classification of projections: Construction, properties, limitations and uses of zenithal, conical and cylindrical projections
                                                                        • Methods of showing relief- (hachure, shading, and contours), contour interpolation, profiles-drawing of profiles and their relevance in landforms mapping and analysis, identification of different rocks, SOI toposheets
                                                                        • Interpretation of physical and cultural topographic sheets
                                                                        • Methods and instruments for collection of weather data, construction of climograph and hythergraph, isotherm, isobars and isohyets, preparation of weather maps-symbols used in weather maps, interpretation of Indian daily weather maps
                                                                        • Mapping techniques of population, social, economic and cultural data-dot, isopleth, and choropleth method

                                                                        Geography: Unit 12


                                                                        Surveying techniques
                                                                        • Mapping techniques of population, social, economic and cultural data - dot, isopleth, and choropleth method Basic principles of surveying, types of surveying, surveying instruments
                                                                        • Basic principles of field work, techniques in physical and socio-economic field surveys, data collection methods
                                                                        • Chain and tape survey, prismatic compass survey, plane table survey, levelling techniques, electronic surveying instruments (theodolite and electronic devices)

                                                                        Geography: Unit 13


                                                                        Statistical techniques
                                                                        • Statistical methods: Frequency distribution and histograms, measures of central tendency and dispersion, diagrammatic representation of geographical and statistical data
                                                                        • Sampling techniques, tests of significance, probability distributions-normal, binomial and Poisson Parametric and nonparametric tests-correlation and regression

                                                                        Geography: Unit 14


                                                                        Remote sensing and GIS
                                                                        • Remote sensing principles, types of remote sensing, aerial photography, satellite images, application of remote
                                                                        • Components and function of GIS spatial and non-spatial data, vector and raster format, GIS analysis, application of GIS
                                                                        • Basic principles of global navigation satellite system, segments and application

                                                                        History: Unit 01


                                                                        Ancient history of India (10000 BC to 1206 AD)
                                                                        • Stone age (paleolithic, mesolithic and neolithic age), chalcolithic age
                                                                        • Indus Valley Civilisation, Aryan & Vedic Age, State Formation in Ancient India
                                                                        • Rise of Ancient Indian Empire (Haryank, Shishunaga, Nanda Dynasty), age of religion (Buddhism & Jainism)
                                                                        • Mauryan age (social, political and culture)
                                                                        • Post-Mauryan period (Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Kushans, Western Kshatrapas)
                                                                        • Early state and society in South India (Kharavela, Satavahanas, Tamil states of the sangam age; administration, economy, art and architecture)
                                                                        • Guptas, Vakatakas and Vardhanas (administration, society and culture)
                                                                        • Regional states during Gupta Era: The Kadambas, Pallavas, Chalukyas of Badami; polity and administration, literature; growth of Vaishnava and Shaiva religions
                                                                        • Palas, Senas, Rashtrakutas, Paramours, polity and administration

                                                                        History: Unit 02


                                                                        Early Medieval India (750 AD- 1206 AD)
                                                                        • Major political developments in Northern India, the rise of Rajputs
                                                                        • The Cholas: administration, village economy and society
                                                                        • Indian feudalism; Agrarian economy and urban settlements; trade and commerce

                                                                        History: Unit 03


                                                                        Medieval History of India (1206-1707 AD)
                                                                        • Establishment of Delhi-Sultanate Rule (Mamulak, Khilji and Tughlaq dynasty), administration of Delhi Sultanate (Military reform, Iqta system etc.),
                                                                        • Art & architecture: Vijayanagar and Bahmani Kingdom (rise, social, economic and administration), Bhakti movement, Sufi movement
                                                                        • Culture: Persian literature
                                                                        • Culture: Persian literature, Establishment of Mughal Empire (administration, society, political and literature), expansion of Mughal Empire (Babar to Aurangzeb)
                                                                        • Rise of Sur dynasty, decline of Mughal Empire

                                                                        History: Unit 04


                                                                        Modern History of India (1707 to 1947)
                                                                        • Modern historiography
                                                                        • Colonialism in India, British Raj & British expansion in India, imperialism, social and cultural
                                                                        • Development, structure of British administration (all acts)
                                                                        • Economic impact in British period (settlement), industrialization, social and religious reform movement (Ram Mohan Rai, Swami Dayanand, Jyotiba Phule etc.)
                                                                        • National movement in India, mass
                                                                        • Movement and British Rule
                                                                        • Indian National Congress Summit, Gandhian Movement, Constitutional Development, Struggle for Freedom
                                                                        • European History, French, England, American and Russian Revolution, World War First and Second

                                                                        History of arts: Unit 03


                                                                        Mauryan and Sunga sculpture

                                                                          History of arts: Unit 04


                                                                          Gupta and Kushan sculpture

                                                                            History of arts: Unit 05


                                                                            Wall paintings of Ajanta and Bagh

                                                                              History of arts: Unit 06


                                                                              Pala-Sena sculpture

                                                                                History of arts: Unit 07


                                                                                Pallava and Rashtrakuta sculpture

                                                                                  History of arts: Unit 08


                                                                                  Orissan sculpture

                                                                                    History of arts: Unit 09


                                                                                    Chandell sculpture

                                                                                      History of arts: Unit 11


                                                                                      Mughal miniature painting

                                                                                        History of arts: Unit 12


                                                                                        Deccani Miniature painting

                                                                                          History of arts: Unit 13


                                                                                          Rajasthani miniature painting

                                                                                            History of arts: Unit 14


                                                                                            Pahari miniature painting

                                                                                              History of arts: Unit 16


                                                                                              Egyptian and Sumerian art

                                                                                                History of arts: Unit 17


                                                                                                Greek and Roman art

                                                                                                  History of arts: Unit 18


                                                                                                  Medieval Christian art

                                                                                                    History of arts: Unit 19


                                                                                                    Renaissance-Italian manifestation

                                                                                                      History of arts: Unit 20


                                                                                                      Baroque-painting and sculpture

                                                                                                        Home science: Unit 01


                                                                                                        Food science
                                                                                                        • Fundamental of food science, cookery, preservation, food adulteration
                                                                                                        • Elementary knowledge of general, organic and inorganic chemistry and biochemistry
                                                                                                        • Concept of nutrition, deficiency diseases, physiology of human body, human energy, B.M.R. and community nutrition
                                                                                                        • Scientific basis for planning and preparation of therapeutic diets and diets for various physiological conditions

                                                                                                        Home science: Unit 02


                                                                                                        Home management
                                                                                                        • Home management concept & principles of home management, resources, decision making, time, energy & money management, work simplification, savings, household purchases
                                                                                                        • Concept of interior and exterior decorations of house, housing, household equipment, consumer protection and market

                                                                                                        Home science: Unit 03


                                                                                                        Textile
                                                                                                        • History of costumes in India
                                                                                                        • Selection of fabrics for various purposes
                                                                                                        • Family clothing, its construction and storage
                                                                                                        • Classification of textile fibers and its chemistry
                                                                                                        • Fabric construction and its finished
                                                                                                        • Dying and laundering of fabrics

                                                                                                        Home science: Unit 04


                                                                                                        Human physiology
                                                                                                        • Human physiology pre-school and school hygiene
                                                                                                        • Mortality and morbidity of children, growth and development of children, various methods of child study
                                                                                                        • Adjustment of children, marriage and family establishment, parent's education and mental health

                                                                                                        Home science: Unit 05


                                                                                                        Extension education
                                                                                                        • Needs, scope and philosophy of extension educations
                                                                                                        • Method of extension education
                                                                                                        • Role of audio-visual aids in the teaching process
                                                                                                        • Community development programme its objective and history in relation to rural development
                                                                                                        • Various national and international programmes for the upliftment of women and children and society at large
                                                                                                        • Development of educational institutions and systems, measurement and evaluation

                                                                                                        Home science: Unit 06


                                                                                                        Adult education
                                                                                                        • Adult education, its history and importance in literacy programme of India
                                                                                                        • Panchayat Raj system in India
                                                                                                        • Tools and techniques of research and elementary statistics

                                                                                                        Carnatic music-vocal & instrumental: Unit 01


                                                                                                        Prescribed ragas
                                                                                                        • Shankarabharanam, Mohanam, Bilahari, Kharaharapriya, Pantuvarali, Kalyani, Kedaragowla, Keeravani, Anandabhairavi. Arabhi, Vasantha, Abhogi, Hamsadhvani, Shanmukhapriya, Purvikalyani, Simhendra madhyamam
                                                                                                        • Kanada, Suddha Saveri, Bhairavi, Saveri, Kambhoji, Madhyamavati, Suddha Dhanyasi, Purvikalyani, Todi, Dhanyasi, Goula, Varali, Natakuranji, Hindolam, Darbar, Chenchurutti, Malayamarutam, Atana
                                                                                                        • Sourashtram, Devagandhari, Surati, Sahana, Nilambari, Asaveri, Nadanamakriya, Mayamalavagowla, Valaji, Poornachandrika, Yadukula Kamboji, Revag

                                                                                                        Carnatic music-vocal & instrumental: Unit 02


                                                                                                        Definition and brief explanation of
                                                                                                        • Nada-Ahata and Anahata Nada, varieties in Ahata Nada
                                                                                                        • Sruti-Nyuna, Pramana & Purnasruti
                                                                                                        • Swara-Prakriti and Vikriti swaras, swarasthanas
                                                                                                        • Vadi, Samvadi, Anuvadi, Vivaldi
                                                                                                        • Tala, Laya, Kalapram

                                                                                                        Carnatic music-vocal & instrumental: Unit 03


                                                                                                        Theoretical and comparative knowledge of prescribed ragas and talas
                                                                                                        • Raga classification-Janaka, Janya system, scheme of 72 melakarta, Varja & Vakra, Bhashanga, Upanga, Panchamantra, Daivatantya, Nishadantya
                                                                                                        • Scheme of 35 talas, Suladi Sapta Talas, Chautala and its varieties, Shadangas, Desadi and Madhyadi talas

                                                                                                        Carnatic music-vocal & instrumental: Unit 04


                                                                                                        Knowledge of notation

                                                                                                          Carnatic music-vocal & instrumental: Unit 05


                                                                                                          Classification of musical instrument
                                                                                                          • Construction, tuning and playing techniques of Tambura, Vina, Violin and Mridangam

                                                                                                          Carnatic music-vocal & instrumental: Unit 06


                                                                                                          Gamakas
                                                                                                          • Panchadasa and Dasavidha gamakas, Alankaras and its varieties, Kaku and its varieties

                                                                                                          Carnatic music-vocal & instrumental: Unit 07


                                                                                                          Physics of sound
                                                                                                          • Explanation of Melody, Polyphony, Harmony, Acoustics, Pitch, Intensity, Timbre

                                                                                                          Carnatic music-vocal & instrumental: Unit 08


                                                                                                          Patronage of music
                                                                                                          • Kings, Chieftains, Zamindars, Sabhas, Mass media, Govt. & Corporate

                                                                                                          Carnatic music-vocal & instrumental: Unit 09


                                                                                                          Raga classification from ancient, medieval to modern times

                                                                                                            Carnatic music-vocal & instrumental: Unit 10


                                                                                                            Musical forms figuring in Abhyasa gana and Sabha gana
                                                                                                            • Geetam, Swarajati, Varnam Kriti, Kirtana, Padam, Javali, Tillana, Ragam-Tanam-Pallavi

                                                                                                            Carnatic music-vocal & instrumental: Unit 12


                                                                                                            Knowledge of ancient Tamil music
                                                                                                            • Paalai, Pann, instrument

                                                                                                            Carnatic music-vocal & instrumental: Unit 13


                                                                                                            Lakshana granthas
                                                                                                            • Natyasastra, Brihaddeshi, Sangita Ratnakara, Swaramela Kalanidhi, Chaturdandi Prakasika, Sangita Sampradaya Pradarshini, Chilappathikaram

                                                                                                            Carnatic music-vocal & instrumental: Unit 14


                                                                                                            Life and contribution of the following Musicians of Carnatic music
                                                                                                            • Tyagaraja, Muthuswamy Dikshitar, Shyama Shastri Annamacharya, Kshetrajna, Narayana Tirtha R, Patnam Subramanya Iyer, Poochi Srinivasa Iyengar, Arunachala Kavirayar, Gopala Krishna Bharati, Jayadeva, Purandara Dasa, Annamacharya
                                                                                                            • Bhadrachala Ramadasu, Narayana Tirtha, Swati Thirunal, Paidala Gurumurthy Sastry, Pachimirium Adiyappa Iah, Arunachala Kavirayar, Maha Vaidyanatha Iyer, Malaikottai Govindaswamy Pillai, Tirukkodi Kaval Krishna Iyer
                                                                                                            • Mysore Doraiswamy Iyengar, S. Balachander, Gopala Naik, Veena Dhanammal, Mysore Vasudevachar, Karaikudi Sambasiva Iyer, Veena Kuppayyar, Chengalvaraya Sastri, Kavi Kunjara Bharati, Ghanam Krishna Iyer
                                                                                                            • Subbaraya Shastri, Papanasam Sivan, Parur Sundaram Iyer, Mysore Chowdiah, Emani Sankara Sastry, Attoor Krishna Pisharoti, Tirupati Narayana Swamy, Pattabhiramayya, Mysore Sadasiva Rao

                                                                                                            Carnatic music-vocal & instrumental: Unit 15


                                                                                                            Life and contribution of the following musicians of hindustani music
                                                                                                            • Swami Haridas, Tansen, Amir Khusrau, Bhatkhande, Vishnu Digambar Paluskar

                                                                                                            Carnatic music-vocal & instrumental: Unit 16


                                                                                                            Life and contribution of musicians of western music
                                                                                                            • Bach, Beethoven, Mozart

                                                                                                            Hindustani music (vocal-instrumental): Unit 01


                                                                                                            Detailed knowledge of the salient features of ragas & comparative study
                                                                                                            • Prescribed ragas: Bilawal, Alhaiya Bilawal, Bhairav, Kafi, Yaman, Khamaj, Asawari, Bhupali, Deshkar, Brindabani Sarang, Malkauns, Bihag, Bhimpalasi, Bageshri, Des, Jaijaiwanti, Ramkali, Hameer
                                                                                                            • Prescribed ragas: Kedar, Kamod, Chayanat, Todi, Multani, Gaud Sarang, Patdeep, Puriya Dhanashri, Shuddha Sarang

                                                                                                            Hindustani music (vocal-instrumental): Unit 02


                                                                                                            Detailed knowledge of the salient Features Of Talas And Comparative Study
                                                                                                            • Prescribed talas: Dadra, Keharwa, Rupak, Teevra, Jhaptaal, Sultala, Ektala, Chautala, Teentala, Tilwada, Dhamar, Jhumra, Ada Chautala

                                                                                                            Hindustani music (vocal-instrumental): Unit 03


                                                                                                            Understanding of musical terms
                                                                                                            • Nad, Shruti, Swara, Thaat, Vadi, Samvadi, Anuvadi, Vivaldi, Jati, Varna, Alankar, Sthaya, Tana, Gamak, Meend, Kan, Krintan, Soot, Zamzama, Ghaseet, Kaku, Avirbhav, Tirobhav

                                                                                                            Hindustani music (vocal-instrumental): Unit 04


                                                                                                            Physics of sound
                                                                                                            • Pitch, Intensity, Timbre, Vibration, Forced Vibration, Free Vibration, Just Intonation, Equally Tempered Scale, Harmony, Melody, Polypho

                                                                                                            Hindustani music (vocal-instrumental): Unit 05


                                                                                                            Musical forms
                                                                                                            • Gram, Murchana, Gandharva, Gan, Nibhaddha-Anibaddha, Jati Gayan, Prabandha, Dhrupad, Dhamar, Khayal, Tarana, Tappa, Chaturang, Masitkhani Gat, Razakhani Gat, Alap, Bol-Alap, Jod- Alap, Vilambit Gat, Drut Gat, Jhala

                                                                                                            Hindustani music (vocal-instrumental): Unit 06


                                                                                                            Laya and tala
                                                                                                            • Laya-meaning, Vilambit, Madhya, Drut
                                                                                                            • Layakari-Dungun, Tiguan Changun, Panchgun, Chegun, Ada, Kuad Biad.
                                                                                                            • Tala-meaning, Avartan, Matra, Tali, Khali, Sam, Vibhag
                                                                                                            • Das Pranas of tala

                                                                                                            Hindustani music (vocal-instrumental): Unit 07


                                                                                                            Study of following texts
                                                                                                            • Natya Shastra, Brihaddeshi, Sangeet Makarand, Sangeet Ratnakar, Swarm Mel Kala Nidhi, Raga, Vibodh, Raga Tarangini, Sangeet Parijat, Chaturdandi Prakashika

                                                                                                            Hindustani music (vocal-instrumental): Unit 08


                                                                                                            Contribution of musician/ scholars
                                                                                                            • Tansen, Amir Khusro, Jaidev, Sadarang, Adarang, Mansingh Tomar, V.N. Bhatkhande, V.D Paluskar. S.N Ratanjankar, Omkar Nath Thakur, Haddu-Hassu Khan, Bade Ghulam Ali Khan, Abdul karim Khan
                                                                                                            • Vilayat Hussain Khan, Allauddin Khan, Mushtaq Ali Khan

                                                                                                            Hindustani music (vocal-instrumental): Unit 09


                                                                                                            Study of musical concepts
                                                                                                            • Classification of musical instruments: Tatta, Avnadha, Ghan, Shushir, knowledge, construction and tuning of the prominent instruments and playing techniques of Sitar Guitar, Violon, Santoor, Tanpura
                                                                                                            • Classification of ragas: (a) Raga-Ragini classification, (b) Thaat-raga classification, (c) Ragang classification, (d) time theory of ragas at present time

                                                                                                            Hindustani music (vocal-instrumental): Unit 10


                                                                                                            Knowledge of notation system
                                                                                                            • Detailed knowledge of V.N. Bhatkhande notation system
                                                                                                            • Detailed knowledge of V.D Paluskar notation system
                                                                                                            • Basic knowledge of staff notation system

                                                                                                            Hindustani music (vocal-instrumental): Unit 11


                                                                                                            Gharana and their significant features
                                                                                                            • Gharana-meaning and importance
                                                                                                            • Dhrupad-Vanis, Dagar, Darbhanga, Betia styles
                                                                                                            • Vocal- Gwalior, Agra, Delhi, Kirana, Jaipur, Patiala
                                                                                                            • Instrumental music and their prominent styles at present

                                                                                                            Hindustani music (vocal-instrumental): Unit 12


                                                                                                            Life and contribution of karnataka and western composer
                                                                                                            • Tyagaraja, Muthuswamy Dikshitar, Shyama Shastri
                                                                                                            • Bach, Beethoven, Mozart

                                                                                                            Philosophy: Unit 01


                                                                                                            Metaphysics
                                                                                                            • Proofs for existence of god
                                                                                                            • Free will and determinism
                                                                                                            • Self and no-self
                                                                                                            • Consciousness
                                                                                                            • Personal identity
                                                                                                            • Substance and qualities
                                                                                                            • Being and becoming
                                                                                                            • Actuality and potentiality
                                                                                                            • Appearance and reality
                                                                                                            • Mind and body problem
                                                                                                            • Universals
                                                                                                            • Realism and idealism
                                                                                                            • Essence and existence

                                                                                                            Philosophy: Unit 02


                                                                                                            Epistemology
                                                                                                            • Theories of truth
                                                                                                            • Theories of error
                                                                                                            • Gettier problem
                                                                                                            • Definitions of knowledge
                                                                                                            • Knowledge by acquaintance and knowledge by description
                                                                                                            • Sources of knowledge
                                                                                                            • Skepticism
                                                                                                            • Justification of knowledge: Foundationalism, anti-foundationalism, and coherentism
                                                                                                            • Knowledge that and knowledge how
                                                                                                            • Problem of induction
                                                                                                            • A Priori knowledge

                                                                                                            Philosophy: Unit 03


                                                                                                            Ethics
                                                                                                            • Questions will be from both Indian and western philosophical perspective
                                                                                                            • Theories of normative ethics: Utilitarianism, kantian deontology, virtue ethics, social contract theory, care ethics
                                                                                                            • Theories of metaethics: Relativism, non-naturalism, emotivism, universal prescriptivism
                                                                                                            • Themes of applied ethics: Abortion, euthanasia, surrogacy, capital punishment, animal
                                                                                                            • Environment ethics
                                                                                                            • Thoughts of Indian ethical tradition: Nature of dharma, morksa, purusharthas, rina, and themes from buddhist and jaina ethics

                                                                                                            Philosophy: Unit 04


                                                                                                            Symbolic logic
                                                                                                            • Inductive logic: (a) Analogical reasoning, (b) causal reasoning, (c) probability
                                                                                                            • Deductive logic: (a) Categorical proposition, (b) categorical syllogisms, (c) symbolic logic, (d) methods of deduction, (e) quantification logic
                                                                                                            • Informal fallacies: Indian and western
                                                                                                            • Types of arguments

                                                                                                            Philosophy: Unit 05


                                                                                                            Social and political philosophy
                                                                                                            • Theories of justice
                                                                                                            • Liberty and equality
                                                                                                            • Democracy
                                                                                                            • Feminism
                                                                                                            • Global justice
                                                                                                            • Marginalization and discrimination
                                                                                                            • Gandhi: Non-violence, Satyagraha, Swaraj, nationalism, state
                                                                                                            • Ambedkar: Genesis of caste and annihilation of castes
                                                                                                            • Tagore: Nationalism, education and religion of man
                                                                                                            • Amartya Sen: Justice (Niti and Nyaya)

                                                                                                            Political science: Unit 01


                                                                                                            Western political philosophy
                                                                                                            • Plato
                                                                                                            • Aristotle
                                                                                                            • Machiavelli
                                                                                                            • Hobbes
                                                                                                            • Locke
                                                                                                            • Rousseau
                                                                                                            • J.s. mill
                                                                                                            • Karl marx
                                                                                                            • John Rawls

                                                                                                            Political science: Unit 02


                                                                                                            Indian political thought
                                                                                                            • Ram mohan roy
                                                                                                            • Gandhi
                                                                                                            • Ambedkar
                                                                                                            • Savarkar
                                                                                                            • Kautilya

                                                                                                            Political science: Unit 03


                                                                                                            Political theory
                                                                                                            • Concepts of liberty
                                                                                                            • Equality
                                                                                                            • Justice
                                                                                                            • Sovereignty
                                                                                                            • Citizenship and gender
                                                                                                            • Democracy human rights, state
                                                                                                            • Contemporary issue
                                                                                                            • Feminist ideology

                                                                                                            Political science: Unit 04


                                                                                                            International relation
                                                                                                            • Realism & liberalism
                                                                                                            • Cold War politics
                                                                                                            • NAM, SAARC, UNO, ASEAN, EU
                                                                                                            • India’s foreign policy particularly with China
                                                                                                            • Pakistan and USA.

                                                                                                            Political science: Unit 05


                                                                                                            Indian government and politics
                                                                                                            • Preamble
                                                                                                            • Making of the Constituent Assembly
                                                                                                            • Constitutional Provision
                                                                                                            • Parliament
                                                                                                            • Cabinet
                                                                                                            • Prime minister
                                                                                                            • President
                                                                                                            • Fundamental rights
                                                                                                            • Fundamental duties
                                                                                                            • Directive principles of state policy
                                                                                                            • Amendments
                                                                                                            • Governor
                                                                                                            • State government
                                                                                                            • Federalism
                                                                                                            • Political parties (national and regional)
                                                                                                            • Elections
                                                                                                            • Local government
                                                                                                            • Judiciary
                                                                                                            • Governance

                                                                                                            Political science: Unit 06


                                                                                                            Comparative government and politics
                                                                                                            • Political culture
                                                                                                            • Political parties
                                                                                                            • Electoral systems
                                                                                                            • Approaches/ models
                                                                                                            • Types of regimes

                                                                                                            Political science: Unit 07


                                                                                                            Public policies in India
                                                                                                            • Models
                                                                                                            • Process
                                                                                                            • Types

                                                                                                            Political science: Unit 08


                                                                                                            General issues of contemporary relevance
                                                                                                            • Global justice
                                                                                                            • Nationalism
                                                                                                            • Climate change

                                                                                                            Music-Percussion: Unit 01


                                                                                                            Knowledge of the following terms
                                                                                                            • Tala, Matra, Tali, Khali, Vibhag, Sam, Avartan
                                                                                                            • Theka, Kayada, Rela, Tukra, Paran, Palta, Uthan, Chakradhar and Farmaishi Chakradhar
                                                                                                            • Gat- Dupalli, Tripalli, Chopalli, Khali Bhari ki Gat
                                                                                                            • Sarvalaghu, Gati, Koraipu, Korvai, Saransh, Mohra, Arji, Mutapu

                                                                                                            Music-Percussion: Unit 02


                                                                                                            Musical concept
                                                                                                            • Nad, Swar, Shruti, Saptak, Raga, Vadi, Anuvadi, Vivaldi, Tana, Pitch, Intensity, Timbre

                                                                                                            Music-Percussion: Unit 03


                                                                                                            Instruments and its classification
                                                                                                            • Tatta, Avanaddha, Ghana, Sushir
                                                                                                            • Avanaddha Vadya-meaning, importance, material used in them

                                                                                                            Music-Percussion: Unit 04


                                                                                                            Structural knowledge of percussion instruments
                                                                                                            • Basic knowledge of structure of Tabla, Pakhawaj, Mridangam
                                                                                                            • Brief knowledge of Dholak, Khanjiri, Nakkara
                                                                                                            • Knowledge of: Bhumi Dundubhi, Dundubhi, Tripushkar, Ankik, Urdhawak, Aling yak, Panava, Darfur, Karat, Ghadas

                                                                                                            Music-Percussion: Unit 05


                                                                                                            Concept of Laya
                                                                                                            • Laya-meaning, Varieties-Vilambit, Madhya
                                                                                                            • Layakari-Dugun, Tiguan, Chaugun, Panchgun, Chegun
                                                                                                            • Layakari-Aad, Kuad, Biad
                                                                                                            • Notation of Layakari- 3/2, 5/4, 7/4

                                                                                                            Music-Percussion: Unit 06


                                                                                                            Tala and its Prana
                                                                                                            • Dasa Pranas of tala
                                                                                                            • Jati of tala

                                                                                                            Music-Percussion: Unit 07


                                                                                                            Tala Paddhati
                                                                                                            • Margi tala Paddhati
                                                                                                            • Desi tala Paddhati
                                                                                                            • Karnatak Tala Paddhati

                                                                                                            Music-Percussion: Unit 08


                                                                                                            Relevance of granthas in Percussion music
                                                                                                            • Natya Shastra
                                                                                                            • Sangeet ratnakar

                                                                                                            Music-Percussion: Unit 09


                                                                                                            Knowledge of notation system
                                                                                                            • Bhatkhande taal notation system
                                                                                                            • Karnatak tala notation system

                                                                                                            Music-Percussion: Unit 10


                                                                                                            Gharanas and their significant features regarding techniques
                                                                                                            • Tabla- Delhi, Ajrada, Farrukhabad, Lucknow, Banaras, Punjab
                                                                                                            • Pakhawaj-Nana Panse,Kundan Singh, Nathdwara
                                                                                                            • Mridangam-Tanjore, Pudukkottai, Palani, Palghat

                                                                                                            Music-Percussion: Unit 11


                                                                                                            Life and contribution of musicians
                                                                                                            • Ram Sahai, Kanthe Maharaj, Ahmad Jaan Thirakwa, Allarakha Khan, Anokhe Lal Mishra, Samta Prasad
                                                                                                            • Kundan Singh, Nana Panse, Purushottam Das, Parwat singh, Ram Shankar Das (Pagal Dasji) Chhatrapati Singh
                                                                                                            • Vaidyanath Iyer, Dakshinamurti Pillai,Palghat Mani Iyer, Palani Subramania pillai, Vilwadri Iyer

                                                                                                            Music-Percussion: Unit 12


                                                                                                            Contribution of musical composer
                                                                                                            • Tyagaraja, Muthuswamy Dikshitar, Shyama Shastri
                                                                                                            • Bach, Beethoven, Mozart

                                                                                                            Bauddha darshan/buddhist studies (trilingual): Unit 01


                                                                                                            Metaphysics

                                                                                                              Bauddha darshan/buddhist studies (trilingual): Unit 02


                                                                                                              Logic and epistemology

                                                                                                                Bauddha darshan/buddhist studies (trilingual): Unit 03


                                                                                                                Ethics

                                                                                                                  Bauddha darshan/buddhist studies (trilingual): Unit 04


                                                                                                                  Bauddha culture

                                                                                                                    Hindu studies (bilingual): Unit 01


                                                                                                                    Vedic studies

                                                                                                                      Hindu studies (bilingual): Unit 02


                                                                                                                      Hindu religious Sects

                                                                                                                        Hindu studies (bilingual): Unit 03


                                                                                                                        Hindu philosophy

                                                                                                                          Hindu studies (bilingual): Unit 04


                                                                                                                          Hindu culture

                                                                                                                            Hindu studies (bilingual): Unit 05


                                                                                                                            Hindu literature

                                                                                                                              Hindu studies (bilingual): Unit 06


                                                                                                                              Hindu ethics

                                                                                                                                Jain darshan: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                Metaphysics

                                                                                                                                  Jain darshan: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                  Logic

                                                                                                                                    Jain darshan: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                    Ethics

                                                                                                                                      Jain darshan: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                      Jain culture

                                                                                                                                        English: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                        History of English and Indian literatures
                                                                                                                                        • Major authors
                                                                                                                                        • Texts
                                                                                                                                        • Literary movements

                                                                                                                                        English: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                        Indian writing in english
                                                                                                                                        • Major authors
                                                                                                                                        • Texts including English translations
                                                                                                                                        • History

                                                                                                                                        English: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                        Literary terms
                                                                                                                                        • Allegory
                                                                                                                                        • Ballad
                                                                                                                                        • Blank verse
                                                                                                                                        • Comedy
                                                                                                                                        • Dissociation of sensibility
                                                                                                                                        • Dramatic monologue
                                                                                                                                        • Elegy
                                                                                                                                        • Enlightenment
                                                                                                                                        • Epic
                                                                                                                                        • Fancy and imagination
                                                                                                                                        • Imitation
                                                                                                                                        • Intentional fallacy
                                                                                                                                        • Motif
                                                                                                                                        • Ode
                                                                                                                                        • Onomatopoeia
                                                                                                                                        • Paradox
                                                                                                                                        • Plot
                                                                                                                                        • Figures of speech
                                                                                                                                        • Satire
                                                                                                                                        • Soliloquy
                                                                                                                                        • Sonnet
                                                                                                                                        • Tragedy
                                                                                                                                        • Wit, (etc)

                                                                                                                                        English: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                        Literary genres
                                                                                                                                        • Fiction and nonfiction
                                                                                                                                        • Life writings
                                                                                                                                        • Diary
                                                                                                                                        • Drama
                                                                                                                                        • Essay
                                                                                                                                        • Novel
                                                                                                                                        • Poetry
                                                                                                                                        • Prose
                                                                                                                                        • Short story
                                                                                                                                        • Epic
                                                                                                                                        • Travelogue
                                                                                                                                        • Science fiction, (etc.)

                                                                                                                                        English: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                        Comparative literature and translations studies
                                                                                                                                        • Concept
                                                                                                                                        • Theories
                                                                                                                                        • Text

                                                                                                                                        English: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                        Literary criticism and theory
                                                                                                                                        • Classical and modern criticism
                                                                                                                                        • Marxism
                                                                                                                                        • Structuralism and post-structuralism
                                                                                                                                        • Feminism
                                                                                                                                        • Eco-criticism
                                                                                                                                        • Postcolonialist

                                                                                                                                        Linguistics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                        Language and communication
                                                                                                                                        • Human and non-human communication

                                                                                                                                        Linguistics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                        Language awareness
                                                                                                                                        • Language families and their classification, writing systems and scripts

                                                                                                                                        Linguistics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                        Morphology
                                                                                                                                        • Word formation processes, types of morphemes and word

                                                                                                                                        Linguistics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                        Phonetics and phonology
                                                                                                                                        • Speech sounds and its properties, major Indians language & English

                                                                                                                                        Linguistics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                        Syntax & semantic
                                                                                                                                        • Sentence structure, components and their relations, lexical relex

                                                                                                                                        Linguistics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                        Applied linguistics
                                                                                                                                        • Historical linguistics, sociolinguistics, linguistic typology, psycholinguistics, translation studies, pragmatics, language teaching, computational linguistics, natural language processing, forensic linguistics
                                                                                                                                        • Lexicography, Indian grammatical tradition

                                                                                                                                        Linguistics: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                        Books & authors
                                                                                                                                        • Books on linguistics

                                                                                                                                        Assamese: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                        Assamese literature
                                                                                                                                        • A brief history of Assamese literature (from beginning to present times)
                                                                                                                                        • Special authors: Sankaradeva, Madhabdev Hem Chandra Barua Lakshminath Bezbaroa, Jyotiprasad Agarwala Saurav, Kumar Chaliha Arun Sarma, Bhabendra Nath Saikia, Mamoni Raisom Goswami

                                                                                                                                        Assamese: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                        Assamese language and script
                                                                                                                                        • A brief history of Assamese language (from beginning to present times)
                                                                                                                                        • Evolution of Assamese script
                                                                                                                                        • Dialectology and dialects of Assamese languages
                                                                                                                                        • Assamese phonology and morphology

                                                                                                                                        Assamese: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                        Assamese culture
                                                                                                                                        • Assamese folklore
                                                                                                                                        • Cultural history of Assam
                                                                                                                                        • Fairs and festivals of Assam
                                                                                                                                        • Ethnic groups of Assam and their cultural contribution

                                                                                                                                        French: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                        Grammar, vocabulary and indirect writing
                                                                                                                                        • Prepositions
                                                                                                                                        • Active/ passive voice
                                                                                                                                        • Direct/ indirect speech
                                                                                                                                        • Adjectives, adverbs etc
                                                                                                                                        • Pronouns
                                                                                                                                        • Logical connectors (connecteurs logiques, cause/conséquence, but etc)
                                                                                                                                        • Verb conjugations (tenses)
                                                                                                                                        • Vocabulary (synonyms, antonyms, meaning of words and expressions)
                                                                                                                                        • Indirect writing

                                                                                                                                        French: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                        French literature and culture
                                                                                                                                        • Literature-French literature from 16th to 20th century
                                                                                                                                        • French society and culture
                                                                                                                                        • History, geography, politics, art and monuments connected with French society

                                                                                                                                        Spanish (hispanic): Unit 02


                                                                                                                                        History, civilization and culture

                                                                                                                                          Spanish (hispanic): Unit 03


                                                                                                                                          Linguistics and language

                                                                                                                                            Spanish (hispanic): Unit 04


                                                                                                                                            Translation

                                                                                                                                              Japanese: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                              Geography

                                                                                                                                                Japanese: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                History

                                                                                                                                                  Japanese: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                  Society and culture

                                                                                                                                                    Japanese: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                    Current affairs

                                                                                                                                                      Kannada: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                      Halegannada

                                                                                                                                                        Kannada: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                        Nadugannada

                                                                                                                                                          Kannada: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                          Hosagannada Sahitya

                                                                                                                                                            Kannada: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                            Shasana Shastra

                                                                                                                                                              Kannada: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                              Kavya meemamse

                                                                                                                                                                Kannada: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                Bhasha Shastra

                                                                                                                                                                  Kannada: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                  Janapada Sahitya

                                                                                                                                                                    Kannada: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                    Sahitya Vimarshe

                                                                                                                                                                      Kannada: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                      Chandassu

                                                                                                                                                                        Kannada: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                        Vyakarana

                                                                                                                                                                          Kannada: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                          Dalitavada

                                                                                                                                                                            Kannada: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                            Streevada

                                                                                                                                                                              Kannada: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                              Samskritika Adhyayana

                                                                                                                                                                                Kannada: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                                                Bhashantar

                                                                                                                                                                                  Kannada: Unit 15


                                                                                                                                                                                  Toulanika Adhyayana

                                                                                                                                                                                    Kokborok: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                    Poetry

                                                                                                                                                                                      Kokborok: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                      Short story

                                                                                                                                                                                        Kokborok: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                        Drama

                                                                                                                                                                                          Kokborok: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                          Novel

                                                                                                                                                                                            Kokborok: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                            Literary essays

                                                                                                                                                                                              Kokborok: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                              Folklore

                                                                                                                                                                                                Tamil: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                History of Tamil literature
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Introduction to literature: From classical period to modern period
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Sangam-post sangam
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Pallava period
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chola period
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Nayakka period
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Bhakti movement and modern period

                                                                                                                                                                                                Tamil: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                Texts on Tamil grammar
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Ezhuttu (Phonology), Col (Morphology), (Nannu:l) Porul grammar (Nambiagappourl), Ani (figure of speech, Thandi Alangaram), Yappu (Prosody-Yappari Kalakka-rikai)

                                                                                                                                                                                                Tamil: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                Elements of general linguistics and history of Tamil language
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Phonology
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Morphology
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Syntax and semantics
                                                                                                                                                                                                • History of the Indian language families
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Place of Tamil language amongst the Indian languages
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Kinds of Dravidian languages
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Borrowing words in Tamil
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Difference of spoken and written language and dialects

                                                                                                                                                                                                Tamil: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                History and culture of Tamil Nadu
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Evidences which help to know the history of Tamil Nadu
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Period of Sangam
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Period of Kalabhras
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Period of Later Chola and Pandya
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Period of Nayakka
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Period of Europe
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Political, social and religion conditions

                                                                                                                                                                                                Tamil: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                Literary criticism
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Modern critical theories
                                                                                                                                                                                                • To describe some literary forms like short stories, novels, prose and drama through the principle of literary criticism

                                                                                                                                                                                                Tamil: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                Tamil literature and other disciplines
                                                                                                                                                                                                • Elements of folklore, computer application, journalism

                                                                                                                                                                                                Tamil: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                Knowledge of classical Tamil texts
                                                                                                                                                                                                • A few Agam and puram poems

                                                                                                                                                                                                Urdu journalism: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                Types of mass media

                                                                                                                                                                                                  Urdu journalism: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                  Language of mass media

                                                                                                                                                                                                    Urdu journalism: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                    Social relevance of mass media

                                                                                                                                                                                                      Urdu journalism: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                      Journalism

                                                                                                                                                                                                        Urdu journalism: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                        Major mass media genres

                                                                                                                                                                                                          Indo-Tibetan: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                          History and culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • History of Tibetan Buddhism and its culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Indigenous Tibetan prose and poetry
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Contributions of Indian Pandits and Tibetan Lotsawa (7th to 13th century)
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Hagiography of Buddhist Ācāryas and Buddhist Holy Sites

                                                                                                                                                                                                          Indo-Tibetan: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                          Buddhist philosophy and logic
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Tibetan Buddhist philosophical schools
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Indo-Tibetan Buddhist literature
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Philosophical concept of four Buddhist school
                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Buddhist logic and epistemology

                                                                                                                                                                                                          History of Santal: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                          Santali folk literature

                                                                                                                                                                                                            History of Santal: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                            Santali prose and fiction

                                                                                                                                                                                                              History of Santal: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                              Santali poetry

                                                                                                                                                                                                                History of Santal: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                Literary criticism and composition

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Chemical, polymer and thermal engineering: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Engineering mathematics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Linear algebra: Matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, eigenvalues, eigenvector
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Calculus: Mean value theorems, theorems of integral calculus, evaluation of definite and improper integrals, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, multiple integrals, Fourier series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Calculus: Vector identities, directional derivatives, line integral, surface integral, volume integral, Stoke’s theorem, Gauss’s theorem, Divergence theorem, Green’s theorem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Differential equations: First-order equations (linear and nonlinear), higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, method of variation of parameters, Cauchy’s equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Differential equations: Euler’s equation, Initial and boundary value problems, partial differential equations, method of separation of variables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Complex variables: Analytic functions, Cauchy’s integral theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula, Taylor series, Laurent series, Residue theorem, solution integrals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Probability and statistics: Sampling theorems, conditional probability, mean, median, mode, standard deviation, random variables, discrete and continuous distributions, poisson distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Probability and statistics: Normal distribution, binomial distribution, correlation analysis, regression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Numerical methods: Matrix inversion, solutions of nonlinear algebraic equations, iterative methods for solving differential equations, numerical integration, regression, and correlation analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Chemical, polymer and thermal engineering: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Thermodynamics and process calculation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Steady and unsteady state mass and energy balances including multiphase, multicomponent, reacting, and non-reacting systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Use of tie components; recycle, bypass, and purge calculations; Gibbs phase rule and degree of freedom analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • First and second laws of thermodynamics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applications of first law to close and open systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Second law and entropy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Thermodynamic properties of pure substances: Equation of State and residual properties, properties of mixtures: partial molar properties, fugacity, excess properties, and activity coefficients
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Phase equilibria: Predicting VLE of systems; chemical reaction equilibrium

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Chemical, polymer and thermal engineering: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Fundamentals of polymer science and technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Monomers, functionality, initiators, inhibitors, retarders, polydispersity conformation and configuration of macromolecules, stereoisomerism and tacticity in polymers, geometrical isomerism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Polymer structure and properties: Crystalline and amorphous polymers, crystallinity, Basic determinants of polymer properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Polymer chain flexibility
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Structure-property relationship, factors affecting chain flexibility
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Glass transition temperature and crystalline melting points
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Factors affecting, glass transition temperature, molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, molecular weight distribution curves, PDI, methods of molecular weight determination-end group analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Colligative property measurements, light scattering, ultracentrifugation, viscometry, etc
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Polymer fractionation techniques, GPC
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Basic aspects of polymer synthesis, techniques of polymerization: Mass, solution, suspension, emulsion and gas phase polymerization, mechanism, and kinetics of radical/ chain polymerization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Mode of termination-chain transfer to monomer, initiator, chain transfer agent, inhibition & retardation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Living and non-living chain polymerization, coordination polymerization, co-polymerization, ionic polymerization, and ring-opening polymerization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Newer techniques in polymerization: Metathesis polymerization, controlled polymerization methods, viz, nitroxide mediated polymerization (NMD), atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), group transfer polymerization (GTP)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Reversible addition fragmentation termination modification of polymers, cross-linking, polymer architecture, applications and limitations of polymers, future prospects, polymer viscoelasticity, rubber elasticity, polymer solutions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Chemical, polymer and thermal engineering: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Fluid mechanics and mechanical operations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Fluid statics, surface tension, Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, transport properties, shell balances including a differential form of Bernoulli equation and energy balance, equation of continuity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Equation of motion, equation of mechanical energy, Macroscopic friction factors, dimensional analysis, and similitude, flow through pipeline systems, velocity profiles, flow meters, pumps and compressors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Elementary boundary layer theory, flow past immersed bodies including packed and fluidized beds, Turbulent flow: fluctuating velocity, universal velocity profile and pressure drop
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Particle size and shape, particle size distribution, size reduction and classification of solid particles; free and hindered settling; centrifuge and cyclones; thickening and classification, filtration, agitation and mixing; conveying of solids

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Chemical, polymer and thermal engineering: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Heat and mass transfer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Equation of energy, steady and unsteady heat conduction, convection and radiation, thermal boundary layer and heat transfer coefficients, boiling, condensation, and evaporation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Types of heat exchangers and evaporators and their process calculations; design of double pipe, shell, and tube heat exchangers, and single and multiple effect evaporators
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Fick’s laws, molecular diffusion in fluids, mass transfer coefficients, film, penetration and surface renewal theories; momentum, heat and mass transfer analogies; stage-wise and continuous contacting and stage efficiencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • HTU & NTU concepts; design and operation of equipment for distillation, absorption, leaching, liquid-liquid extraction, drying, humidification, dehumidification and adsorption
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Membrane separations(micro-filtration, ultra-filtration, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Chemical, polymer and thermal engineering: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Process control and instrumental
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Measurement of process variables; sensors and transducers; P&ID equipment symbols; process modeling and linearization, transfer functions and dynamic responses of various systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Systems with the inverse response, process reaction curve, controller modes (P, PI, and PID); control valves; transducer dynamics; analysis of closed-loop systems including stability, frequency response
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Controller tuning, cascade, and feed-forward control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • First principles model development; dynamics of first, second, and higher order linear systems, open loop and closed loop systems; linearization; feedback control; stability, design of controller
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Dynamics of some complex processes; control valves and introduction to real-time computer control of process equipment; cascade, feedforward, adaptive control, ratio control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Introduction to advanced control strategies; introduction to process instrumentation process flow diagram (PFD), actuators-pneumatic valve, hydraulic actuator, electric actuator; sensors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Temperature measuring devices, pressure measuring devices; flow measuring devices

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Chemical, polymer and thermal engineering: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Chemical technology and plant design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Inorganic chemical industries (sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, chlor-alkali industry), fertilizers (ammonia, urea, SSP and TSP); natural products industries (pulp and paper, sugar, oil, and fats)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Petroleum refining and petrochemicals; polymerization industries (polyethylene, polypropylene, PVC and polyester synthetic fibers)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Principles of process economics and cost estimation including depreciation and total annualized cost, cost indices, rate of return, payback period, discounted cash flow
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Optimization in process design and sizing of chemical engineering equipment such as heat exchangers and multistage contactors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Civil, structural and transport engineering: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Engineering mathematics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Linear algebra: Matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, eigenvalues, eigenvectors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Calculus: Mean value theorems, theorems of integral calculus, evaluation of definite and improper integrals, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, multiple integrals, fourier series, vector identities, directional derivatives
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Calculus: Line integral, surface integral, volume integral, Stoke’s theorem, Gauss’s theorem, Divergence theorem, Green’s theorem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Differential equations: First order equations (linear and nonlinear), higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, method of variation of parameters, Cauchy’s equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Differential equations: Euler’s equation, Initial and boundary value problems, partial differential equations, method of separation of variables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Complex variables: Analytic functions, Cauchy’s integral theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula, Taylor series, Laurent series, Residue theorem, solution integral
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Probability and statistics: Sampling theorems, conditional probability, mean, median, mode, standard deviation, random variables, discrete and continuous distributions, poisson distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Probability and statistics: Normal distribution, binomial distribution, correlation analysis, regression analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Numerical methods: Matrix inversion, solutions of nonlinear algebraic equations, iterative methods for solving differential equations, numerical integration, regression and correlation analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Civil, structural and transport engineering: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Geotechnical engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Soil mechanics: Three-phase system and phase relationships, index properties; Unified and Indian standard soil classification system; permeability, one dimensional flow, seepage through soils, two
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Soil mechanics: Dimensional flow, flow nets, uplift pressure, piping, capillarity, seepage force; principle of effective stress and quicksand condition; compaction of soils; one-dimensional consolidation, time rate of consolidation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Soil mechanics: Shear Strength, Mohr’s circle, effective and total shear, strength parameters, stress-strain characteristics of clays and sand; stress paths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Foundation engineering: Subsurface investigations, drilling bore holes, sampling, plate load test, standard penetration and cone penetration tests; earth pressure theories
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Foundation engineering: Rankine and Coulomb; stability of slopes, finite and infinite slopes, Bishop’s method; stress distribution in soils, Boussinesq’s theory; pressure bulbs, Shallow foundations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Foundation engineering: Terzaghi’s and Meyerhof’s bearing capacity theories, effect of water table; combined footing and raft foundation; contact pressure; settlement analysis in sands and clays; deep foundations- dynamic and static formulae
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Axial load capacity of piles in sands and clays, pile load test, pile under lateral loading, pile group efficiency, negative skin friction

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Civil, structural and transport engineering: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Water resources engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Fluid mechanics: Properties of fluids, fluid statics; continuity, momentum and energy equations and their applications; potential flow, laminar and turbulent flow; flow in pipes, pipe networks; concept of boundary layer and its growth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Fluid mechanics: Concept of lift and drag
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Hydraulics: Forces on immersed bodies; flow measurement in channels and pipes; dimensional analysis and hydraulic similitude; channel hydraulics, energy-depth relationships, specific energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Hydraulics: Critical flow, hydraulic jump, uniform flow, gradually varied flow and water surface profiles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Hydrology: Hydrologic cycle, precipitation, evaporation, evapotranspiration, watershed, infiltration, unit hydrographs, hydrograph analysis, reservoir capacity, flood estimation and routing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Hydrology: Surface runoff models, ground water hydrology, steady state well hydraulics and aquifers; application of Darcy’s Law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Irrigation: Types of irrigation systems and methods; crop water requirements, duty, delta, evapotranspiration; gravity dams and spillways; lined and unlined canals, design of weirs on permeable foundation; cross drainage structures

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Civil, structural and transport engineering: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Structural engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Engineering mechanics: System of forces, free-body diagrams, equilibrium equations; internal forces in structures; frictions and its applications; centre of mass; free vibrations of undamped SDOF system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Solid mechanics: Bending moment and shear force in statically determinate beams; simple stress and strain relationships; simple bending theory, flexural and shear stresses, shear centre
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Solid mechanics: Uniform torsion, transformation of stress; buckling of column, combined and direct bending stresses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Structural analysis: Statically determinate and indeterminate structures by force/ energy methods; method of superposition; analysis of trusses, arches, beams, cables and frames
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Displacement methods: Slope deflection and moment distribution methods; influence lines; stiffness and flexibility methods of structural analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Construction materials and management: Construction materials-structural steel-composition, material properties and behaviour; concrete, constituents, mix design, short-term and long-term properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Construction management: Types of construction projects; project planning and network analysis-PERT and CPM; cost estimation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Concrete structures: Working stress and limit state design concepts; design of beams, slabs, columns; bond and development length; prestressed concrete beams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Steel structures: Working stress and Limit state design concepts; design of tension and compression members, beams and beam- columns, column bases; connections, simple and eccentric
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Steel structures: Beam-column connections, plate girders and trusses; concept of plastic analysis -beams and frames

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Civil, structural and transport engineering: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Transportation engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Transportation infrastructure: Geometric design of highways, cross-sectional elements, sight distances, horizontal and vertical alignments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Transportation infrastructure: Geometric design of railway track, speed and cant. Concept of airport runway length, calculations and corrections; taxiway and exit taxiway design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Highway pavements: Highway materials, desirable properties and tests; desirable properties of bituminous paving mixes; design factors for flexible and rigid pavements; design of flexible and rigid pavement using IRC codes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Traffic engineering: Traffic studies on flow and speed, peak hour factor, accident study, statistical analysis of traffic data; microscopic and macroscopic parameters of traffic flow, fundamental relationships
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Traffic engineering: Traffic signs; Signal design by Webster’s method; types of intersections; highway capacity

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Civil, structural and transport engineering: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Environmental engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Water and waste water quality and treatment: Basics of water quality standards, physical, chemical and biological parameters; water quality index; unit processes and operations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Water requirement; water distribution system; drinking water treatment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Sewerage system design, quantity of domestic wastewater, primary and secondary treatment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Effluent discharge standards; sludge disposal; reuse of treated sewage for different application
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Air pollution: Types of pollutants, their sources and impacts, air pollution control, air quality standards, air quality Index and limits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Municipal solid wastes: Characteristics, generation, collection and transportation of solid wastes, engineered systems for solid waste management (reuse/ recycle, energy recovery, treatment and disposal)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Civil, structural and transport engineering: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Geomatics engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Principles of surveying; errors and their adjustment; maps, scale, coordinate system; distance and angle measurement, levelling and trigonometric levelling; traversing and triangulation survey
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Total station; horizontal and vertical curves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Photogrammetry and remote sensing, scale, flying height; basics of remote sensing and GIS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Civil, structural and transport engineering: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Geotechnical earthquake engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Vibration and measuring instruments: Theory of vibration-basic definition, governing equation for single degree freedom system, forced vibrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Rotating mass type excitation, base excitation, isolation vibration measuring instruments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Seismology and earthquakes (basic concepts only), quantification of earthquake, Intensity and magnitudes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Ground motion parameters: Ground motion parameters, estimation of ground motion parameters, waves in unbounded media, waves in a layered body, attenuation of stress waves, seismic hazard analysis. Evaluation of dynamic soil properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Wave propagation and analysis of site effects: Wave propagation analysis, site amplification need for ground response analysis, method of analysis, one dimensional analysis, equipment linear analysis site effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Wave propagation and analysis of site effects: Design ground motion, developing design ground motion. Application of software package shake-2000
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Seismic design of footings and walls: Seismic design of foundations, retaining walls & slopes, Seismic design requirements for foundation, Seismic bearing capacity, Seismic settlement, design loads
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Seismic design of footings and walls: Seismic slope stability analysis, internal stability and weakening instability, Seismic design of retaining walls-dynamic response of retaining walls, Seismic displacement of retaining walls

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Data science, artificial intelligence, cyber security etc: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Set theory & algebra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Sets; relations; functions; compositions of functions and relations, group; partial orders; Boolean algebra

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Data science, artificial intelligence, cyber security etc: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Theory of computations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Finite automata and regular expressions, on-determinism and NFA, properties of regular sets, context free grammar: Chomsky normal form (CNF), greibach normal form (GNF), push-down automata, moore and mealy machines, turing machines

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Data science, artificial intelligence, cyber security etc: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Digital logic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Number representations and computer arithmetic (fixed and floating point), logic functions, minimizations, design and synthesis of combinational and sequential circuits, A/D and D/A converters

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Data science, artificial intelligence, cyber security etc: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Computer organization and architecture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Machine instructions and addressing modes, ALU and data, path, CPU control design, memory interface, I/O interface (interrupt and DMA mode), instruction pipelining, cache and main memory, secondary storage

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Data science, artificial intelligence, cyber security etc: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Microprocessors and interfacing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Instructions sets, addressing modes, memory interfacing, interfacing peripheral devices, interrupts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Microprocessor architecture, instructions set and programming (8085), microprocessor applications, DMA, interrupt and timer

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Data science, artificial intelligence, cyber security etc: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Programming and data structures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Programming in C; functions, recursion, parameter passing, and definition of data structure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Arrays, stacks, queues linked lists, trees, priority queues and heaps, binary search trees

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Data science, artificial intelligence, cyber security etc: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Algorithm
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Algorithm concepts, analyzing and design, asymptotic notations and their properties, worst and average case analysis; design-greedy approach, dynamic programming, divide and conquer; tree and graph transversals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Spanning trees, shortest paths: Hashing, sorting searching

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Data science, artificial intelligence, cyber security etc: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Operating system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Main functions of operating systems, processes, threads, interprocess communication, concurrency, synchronization, deadlock, CPU scheduling, I/O scheduling, resource scheduling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Deadlock and scheduling algorithms, banker’s algorithm for deadlock handling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Memory management and virtual memory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • File systems, I/O systems, DOS, UNIX and windows

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Data science, artificial intelligence, cyber security etc: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Computer network
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • OSI model, TCP/IP model, LAN technologies (ethernet, token ring), transmission media, twisted pair, coaxial cables fiber, optic cables, flow and error control techniques, routing algorithms, congestion control, IP (v4)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Application layer protocols (icmp, dns, smtp, pop, ftp, http); sliding window protocols; internetworking-switch /hub, bridge, router, gateways, concatenated virtual circuits, firewalls-network security
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Cryptography- public key, secret key
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Domain name system (DNS)-electronic mail and world wide web (WWW)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Data science, artificial intelligence, cyber security etc: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Artificial intelligence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Basic concepts of AI; intelligent agents; solving problems by searching, uninformed search, informed search; logical agents; first order logic; knowledge representations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Data science, artificial intelligence, cyber security etc: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Cryptography & network security
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Computer & network security concepts, classical encryption techniques-symmetric cipher model, caesar cipher, playfair cipher, hill cipher

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Data science, artificial intelligence, cyber security etc: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Data science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Basic concepts; data, types of data, structured, unstructured; data representation, machine learning algorithms-supervised, unsupervised, reinforcement, cluster, classification and regression problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Data preprocessing, normalization, smoothing, visualization

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electronics, communication and information engineering: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Engineering mathematics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Linear algebra: Matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, eigenvalues, eigenvectors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Calculus: Mean value theorems, theorems of integral calculus, evaluation of definite and improper integrals, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, multiple integrals, Fourier series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Vector identities, directional derivatives, line integral, surface integral, volume integral, Stoke’s theorem, Gauss’s theorem, Divergence theorem, Green’s theorem

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electronics, communication and information engineering: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Differential equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • First order equations (linear and nonlinear), higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, method of variation of parameters, Cauchy’s equation, Euler’s equation, Initial and boundary value problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Partial differential equations, method of separation of variables

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electronics, communication and information engineering: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Complex variables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Analytic functions, Cauchy’s integral theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula, Taylor series, Laurent series, Residue theorem, solution integrals

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electronics, communication and information engineering: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Probability and Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Sampling theorems, conditional probability, mean, median, mode, standard deviation, random variables, discrete and continuous distributions, poisson distribution, normal distribution, binomial distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Correlation analysis, regression analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electronics, communication and information engineering: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Numerical method
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Matrix inversion, solutions of nonlinear algebraic equations, iterative methods for solving differential equations, numerical integration, regression and correlation analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electronics, communication and information engineering: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Networks, signals and systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Circuit analysis: Node and mesh analysis, superposition, Thevenin's theorem, Norton’s theorem, reciprocity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Sinusoidal steady state analysis: Phasors, complex power, maximum power transfer. Time and frequency domain analysis of linear circuits-RL, RC and RLC circuits, solution of network equations using Laplace transform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Linear 2-port network parameters, Wye-delta transformation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Continuous-time signals: Fourier series and Fourier transform, sampling theorem and applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Discrete-time signals: DTFT, DFT, z-transform, discrete-time processing of continuous-time signals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • LTI systems: Definition and properties, causality, stability, impulse response, convolution, poles and zeros, frequency response, group delay, phase delay, adaptive signal process

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electronics, communication and information engineering: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electronic devices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Energy bands in intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, equilibrium carrier concentration, direct and indirect band-gap semiconductors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Carrier transport: Diffusion current, drift current, mobility and resistivity, generation and recombination of carriers, Poisson and continuity equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • P-N junction, Zener diode, BJT, MOS capacitor, MOSFET, LED, photo diode and solar cell, DC-biasing of bipolar junction transistors, AC analysis of bipolar junction transistors, frequency analysis of BJT and FET, power amplifier

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electronics, communication and information engineering: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Analog and digital electronics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Simple diode circuits: Clipping, clamping, rectifiers; amplifiers-biasing, equivalent circuit and frequency response; oscillators and feedback amplifiers; operational amplifiers: characteristics and applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Single stage active filters, active filters-sallen key, butterworth, VCOs and timers, combinatorial and sequential logic circuits, multiplexers, demultiplexers, Schmitt triggers, sample and hold circuits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • A/D and D/A converters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Machine instructions and addressing modes, ALU, data-path and control unit, instruction pipelining

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electronics, communication and information engineering: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Control and automation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Mathematical modeling and representation of systems, feedback principles, block diagram and signal flow graphs, transient response, steady-state-errors, Bode plot, phase and gain margins, Routh and Nyquist criteria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Root loci, design of lead, lag and lead-lag compensators, state-space representation of systems; time-delay systems; mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic system components, synchro pair, servo and stepper motors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Servo valves; on-off, P, PI, PID, cascade, feedforward, and ratio controllers, tuning of PID controllers and sizing of control valves, state space model, solution of state equations of LTI systems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electronics, communication and information engineering: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Communications and information theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Random processes: Autocorrelation and power spectral density, properties of white noise, filtering of random signals through LTI systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Analog communications: Amplitude modulation and demodulation, angle modulation and demodulation, spectra of AM and FM, superheterodyne receivers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Information theory: Entropy, mutual information and channel capacity theorem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Digital communications: PCM, DPCM, digital modulation schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK, QAM), bandwidth, inter-symbol interference, MAP, ML detection, matched filter receiver, SNR and BER
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Fundamentals of error correction, hamming codes, CRC
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Shannon’s fundamental coding theorems, differential entropy & mutual information for discrete & continuous ensembles, source coding, rate distortion theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Introduction to algebra: Groups, fields, binary field arithmetic, basic properties of galois field GF(2m) and vector spaces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Channel coding and decoding: Run length limited codes, LBC, cyclic code, BCH code, convolutional code, trellis coded modulation, Reed-Solomon code

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electronics, communication and information engineering: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electromagnetic theory and wave propagation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Maxwell's equations: Differential and integral forms and their interpretation, boundary conditions, wave equation, Poynting vector
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Plane waves and properties: Reflection and refraction, polarization, phase and group velocity, propagation through various media, skin depth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Transmission lines: Equations, characteristic impedance, impedance matching, impedance transformation, S-parameters, Smith chart
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Rectangular and circular waveguides, light propagation in optical fibers, dipole and monopole antennas, linear antenna arrays

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electronics, communication and information engineering: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  IoT and applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Introduction to IoT, IoTE, co-system, internet of things definition evolution, smart IoT, IoT architecture, IoT and the cloud, embedded prototyping-embedded systems, processor embedded in to system, embedded hardware units and software system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Internet communications protocols, IP,TCP,The IP protocol suite (TCP/IP), UDP; IP addresses: DNS, static IP address assignment, dynamic IP address assignment, IPv6, MAC addresses; TCP and UDP ports-an example
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • HTTP ports, other common ports; application layer protocols-HTTP , HTTPS; encrypted HTTP, performance, libraries, debugging

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Food engineering and technology: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Food chemistry and nutrition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Carbohydrates: Structure and functional properties of mono-, oligo-, & polysaccharides including starch, cellulose, pectic substances and dietary fiber, gelatinization and retrogradation of starch
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Proteins: Classification and structure of proteins in food, biochemical changes in postmortem and tenderization of muscles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Lipids: Classification and structure of lipids, rancidity, polymerization and polymorphism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Pigments: Carotenoids, chlorophylls, anthocyanins, tannins and myoglobin
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Food flavors: Terpenes, esters, aldehydes, ketones and quinones
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Enzymes: Specificity, simple and inhibition kinetics, coenzymes, enzymatic and non- enzymatic browning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Nutrition: Balanced diet, essential amino acids and essential fatty acids, protein efficiency ratio, water soluble and fat-soluble vitamins, role of minerals in nutrition, co-factors, anti-nutrients, nutraceuticals, nutrient deficiency disease
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Chemical and biochemical changes: Changes occur in foods during different processing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Food engineering and technology: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Food microbiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Characteristics of microorganisms: Morphology of bacteria, yeast, mold and actinomycetes, spores and vegetative cells, gram-staining
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Microbial growth: Growth and death kinetics, serial dilution technique
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Food spoilage: Spoilage microorganisms in different food products including milk, fish, meat, egg, cereals and their products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Toxins from microbes: Pathogens and non-pathogens including staphylococcus, salmonella, shigella, escherichia, bacillus, clostridium, and aspergillus genera
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Fermented foods and beverages: Curd, yoghurt, cheese, pickles, soya-sauce, sauerkraut, idli, dosa, vinegar, alcoholic beverages and sausage

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Food engineering and technology: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Food products technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Processing principles: Thermal processing, chilling, freezing, dehydration, addition of preservatives and food additives, irradiation, fermentation, hurdle technology, intermediate moisture foods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Food packaging and storage: Packaging materials, aseptic packaging, controlled and modified atmosphere storage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Cereal processing and products: Milling of rice, wheat, and maize, parboiling of paddy, bread, biscuits, extruded products and ready to eat breakfast cereals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Oil processing: Expelling, solvent extraction, refining and hydrogenation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Fruits and vegetables processing: Extraction, clarification, concentration and packaging of fruit juice, jam, jelly, marmalade, squash, candies, tomato sauce, ketchup, and puree, potato chips, pickles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Fruits and vegetables processing: Plantation crops processing and products-tea, coffee, cocoa, spice, extraction of essential oils and oleoresins from spices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Milk and milk products processing: Pasteurization and sterilization, cream, butter, ghee, ice- cream, cheese and milk powder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Processing of animal products: Drying, canning, and freezing of fish and meat; production of egg powder
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Waste utilization: Pectin from fruit wastes, uses of by-products from rice milling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Food standards and quality maintenance: FPO, PFA, agmark, ISI, HACCP, food plant sanitation and cleaning in place

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Food engineering and technology: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Food engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Mass and energy balance; momentum transfer: Flow rate and pressure drop relationships for Newtonian fluids flowing through pipe, Reynolds number
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Heat transfer: Heat transfer by conduction, convection, radiation, heat exchangers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Mass transfer: Molecular diffusion and Fick’s law, conduction and convective mass transfer, permeability through single and multilayer films
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Mechanical operations: Size reduction of solids, high pressure homogenization, filtration, centrifugation, settling, sieving, mixing & agitation of liquid
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Thermal operations: Thermal sterilization, evaporation of liquid foods, hot air drying of solids, spray and freeze-drying, freezing and crystallization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Mass transfer operations: Psychometry, humidification and dehumidification operations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Mechanical engineering: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Engineering mathematics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Linear algebra: Matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, eigenvalues, eigenvectors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Calculus: Mean value theorems, theorems of integral calculus, evaluation of definite and improper integrals, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, multiple integrals, fourier series, vector identities, directional derivatives
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Calculus: Line integral, surface integral, volume integral, Stoke’s theorem, Gauss’s theorem, Divergence theorem, Green’s theorem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Differential equations: First order equations (linear and nonlinear), higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, method of variation of parameters, Cauchy’s equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Differential equations: Euler’s equation, Initial and boundary value problems, partial differential equations, method of separation of variables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Complex variables: Analytic functions, Cauchy’s integral theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula, Taylor series, Laurent series, Residue theorem, solution integral
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Probability and statistics: Sampling theorems, conditional probability, mean, median, mode, standard deviation, random variables, discrete and continuous distributions, poisson distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Probability and statistics: Normal distribution, binomial distribution, correlation analysis, regression analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Numerical methods: Matrix inversion, solutions of nonlinear algebraic equations, iterative methods for solving differential equations, numerical integration, regression and correlation analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Mechanical engineering: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Applied mechanics and design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Engineering mechanics: Free-body diagrams and equilibrium; friction and its applications including rolling friction, belt-pulley, brakes, clutches, screw jack, wedge, vehicles, etc; trusses and frames
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Virtual work; kinematics and dynamics of rigid bodies in plane motion; impulse and momentum (linear and angular) and energy formulations; Lagrange’s equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Mechanics of Materials: Stress and strain, elastic constants, Poisson's ratio; Mohr’s circle for plane stress and plane strain; thin cylinders; shear force and bending moment diagrams; bending and shear stresses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Concept of shear centre; deflection of beams; torsion of circular shafts; Euler’s theory of columns; energy methods; thermal stresses; strain gauges and rosettes; testing of materials with universal testing machine; testing of hardness and impact strength
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Theory of machines: Displacement, velocity and acceleration analysis of plane mechanisms; dynamic analysis of linkages; cams; gears and gear trains; flywheels and governors; balancing of reciprocating and rotating masses; gyroscope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Vibrations: Free and forced vibration of single degree of freedom systems, effect of damping; vibration isolation; resonance; critical speeds of shafts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Machine design: Design for static and dynamic loading; failure theories; fatigue strength and the SN diagram; principles of the design of machine elements such as bolted, riveted and welded joints; shafts, gears
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Machine design: Rolling and sliding contact bearings, brakes and clutches, springs

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Mechanical engineering: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Fluid mechanics and thermal sciences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Fluid mechanics: Fluid properties; fluid statics, forces on submerged bodies, stability of floating bodies; control-volume analysis of mass, momentum and energy; fluid acceleration; differential equations of continuity and momentum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Fluid mechanics: Bernoulli’s equation; dimensional analysis; viscous flow of incompressible fluids, boundary layer, elementary turbulent flow, flow through pipes, head losses in pipes, bends and fittings; basics of compressible fluid flow
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Heat-transfer: Modes of heat transfer; one dimensional heat conduction, resistance concept and electrical analogy, heat transfer through fins; unsteady heat conduction, lumped parameter system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Heat-transfer: Heisler's charts; thermal boundary layer, dimensionless parameters in free and forced convective heat transfer, heat transfer correlations for flow over flat plates and through pipes, effect of turbulence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Heat-transfer: Heat exchanger performance, LMTD and NTU methods; radiative heat transfer, Stefan- Boltzmann law, Wien's displacement law, black and grey surfaces, view factors, radiation network analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic systems and processes; properties of pure substances, behaviour of ideal and real gases; zeroth and first laws of thermodynamics, calculation of work and heat in various processes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Thermodynamics: Second law of thermodynamics; thermodynamic property charts and tables, availability and irreversibility; thermodynamic relations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Applications: Power engineering-air and gas compressors; vapour and gas power cycles, concepts of regeneration and reheat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • I.C. Engines: Air-standard Otto, diesel and dual cycles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Refrigeration and air-conditioning: Vapour and gas refrigeration and heat pump cycles; properties of moist air, psychrometric chart, basic psychrometric process
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Turbomachinery: Impulse and reaction principles, velocity diagrams, pelton-wheel, Francis and Kaplan turbines; steam and gas turbines

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Mechanical engineering: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Materials, manufacturing and industrial engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Engineering materials: Structure and properties of engineering materials, phase diagrams, heat treatment, stress-strain diagrams for engineering materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Casting, forming and joining processes: Different types of castings, design of patterns, moulds and cores; solidification and cooling; riser and gating design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Plastic deformation and yield criteria; fundamentals of hot and cold working processes; load estimation for bulk (forging, rolling, extrusion, drawing) and sheet (shearing, deep drawing, bending) metal forming processes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Principles of powder metallurgy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Principles of welding, brazing, soldering and adhesive bonding

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Mechanical engineering: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Machining and machine tool operations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Mechanics of machining; basic machine tools; single and multi-point cutting tools, tool geometry and materials, tool life and wear; economics of machining; principles of non-traditional machining processes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Principles of work holding, jigs and fixtures; abrasive machining processes; NC/CNC machines and CNC programming
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Metrology and inspection: Limits, fits and tolerances; linear and angular measurements; comparators; interferometry; form and finish measurement; alignment and testing method
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Tolerance analysis in manufacturing and assembly; concepts of coordinate-measuring machine (CMM)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Computer integrated manufacturing: Basic concepts of CAD/CAM and their integration tools; additive manufacturing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Production planning and control: Forecasting models, aggregate production planning, scheduling, materials requirement planning; lean manufacturing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Inventory control: Deterministic models; safety stock inventory control systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Operations research: Linear programming, simplex method, transportation, assignment, network flow models, simple queuing models, PERT and CPM

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Mechanical engineering: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Mechatronics and industrial robot
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Sensors and drives: Sensor characteristics, different types of sensors and transducers, micro sensors, electrical contacts, actuators, and switches, signal processing devices; relays, output devices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Drives: Electrical, mechanical, hydraulic & pneumatic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Automatic production and assembly machines: Transfer lines, production and throughput, buffer storage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Robot kinematics & gripper mechanism: Role of robotics in automated manufacturing system, Robot anatomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Robot classifications and specifications, manipulation and Control. Robot kinematics, forward and reverse transformation, homogeneous transformations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Fundamental rotation matrices, kinematic modeling of the manipulator, Denavit-Hartenberg notation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Robot manipulators, actuators and drives: Robot vision and their interfaces, machine vision applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Welding, spray painting and finish coating, parts mating & parts joining operations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Types of robot manipulators, application of robot manipulators, construction of a robot manipulator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Robot sensors and robot safety: Sensors in robotics, classification of robotic sensors, acoustic sensors optical sensors, pneumatic sensors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Touch sensors, force sensors, force sensing wrist and its applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Robot planning and installation, robot safety, need of robot safety

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Nanoscience: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Chemical science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Periodic table and periodicity in properties: Chemical bonding and shapes of compounds, VSEPR theory, lattice energy. Main group elements (s and p blocks). Transition metals and inner transition metals (d and f block)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Periodic table and periodicity in properties: Allotropes. Coordination compounds. Organometallic compounds. Stoichiometry. Acids and bases. Oxidation reduction and precipitation reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Periodic table and periodicity in properties: Radioactivity. Nuclear reactions-fission and fusion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Quantum mechanics: Chemical bonding. Chemical thermodynamics. Kinetic theory of gases. Electrochemistry & Chemical kinetics: Conductance, EMF, Free energy, Nernst equation, redox systems, electrochemical cells
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Quantum mechanics: Reactions of various order, Arrhenius equation, Enzyme kinetics, Catalysis. Solutions. Ionic equilibria in solutions, pH and buffer solutions, Hydrolysis, Solubility product
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Quantum mechanics: Phase equilibria-phase rule. Vapour pressure and osmotic pressure. Molecular weight determination
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • IUPAC nomenclature
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Stereochemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Organic reactive intermediates: Generation, stability and reactivity of carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, benzynes and nitrenes. Organic reaction mechanisms involving addition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Organic reactive intermediates: Elimination and substitution reactions with electrophilic, nucleophilic or radical species. Common named reactions and rearrangements, applications in organic synthesis. Polymers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Nanoscience: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Physical science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Interference
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Diffraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Polarization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Quantum mechanics: Postulates; Wave-particle duality. Commutators and Heisenberg uncertainty principle. Schrödinger equation (time-dependent and time independent)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Quantum mechanics: Exactly-solvable systems: particle-in-a-box, harmonic oscillator and the hydrogen atom. Tunneling through a barrier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Quantum mechanics: Electrostatics: Gauss’s law and its applications, Laplace and Poisson equations, boundary value problems. Magnetostatics: Biot-Savart law, Ampere's theorem. Electromagnetic induction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Quantum mechanics: Scalar and Vector potentials, Maxwell equations. First and second laws of thermodynamics, thermodynamic functions, Heat capacity enthalpy, entropy. Bonding in solids, crystal structures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Quantum mechanics: Bravais lattices. Miller indices. Reciprocal lattice. Bragg’s law and applications; diffraction and the structure factor. Elastic properties, phonons, lattice specific heat. Free electron theory and electronic specific heat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Quantum mechanics: Drude model of electrical and thermal conductivity. Hall Effect and thermoelectric power. Electron motion in a periodic potential, Band theory of solids: metals, insulators and semiconductors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Quantum mechanics: Dielectrics. Ferroelectrics. Magnetic materials. Superconductivity-type-I and type-II superconductors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Nanoscience: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Biological science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Biomolecules: Biomolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and vitamins). Stabilizing interactions (Van der Waals, electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, etc.)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Biomolecules: Biophysical chemistry (pH, buffer, reaction kinetics, thermodynamics, colligative properties). Bioenergetics, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation. Catalysis, enzymes and enzyme kinetics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Cell biology: Membrane structure and function; cell organelles; cell division and cell cycle. Microbes, infectious disease biology, cancer and microbial diseases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Fundamental processes: DNA replication, repair and recombination, RNA synthesis and processing and protein synthesis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Immunology: Innate and adaptive immunity, antigens, antibody, antigen-antibody interactions, immune responses, congenital and acquired immune deficiencies, vaccines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Genetics: Mendelian principles, gene-alele, multiple alleles, mutation types and cause
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Human physiology: Blood, coagulation, blood groups, heart, endocrine glands, hormones and diseases

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electrical, power and energy engineering: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Engineering mathematics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Linear algebra: Matrix algebra, systems of linear equations, eigenvalues, eigenvectors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Calculus: Mean value theorems, theorems of integral calculus, evaluation of definite and improper integrals, partial derivatives, maxima and minima, multiple integrals, fourier series, vector identities, directional derivatives
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Calculus: Line integral, surface integral, volume integral, Stoke’s theorem, Gauss’s theorem, Divergence theorem, Green’s theorem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Differential equations: First order equations (linear and nonlinear), higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, method of variation of parameters, Cauchy’s equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Differential equations: Euler’s equation, Initial and boundary value problems, partial differential equations, method of separation of variables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Complex variables: Analytic functions, Cauchy’s integral theorem, Cauchy’s integral formula, Taylor series, Laurent series, Residue theorem, solution integral
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Probability and statistics: Sampling theorems, conditional probability, mean, median, mode, standard deviation, random variables, discrete and continuous distributions, poisson distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Probability and statistics: Normal distribution, binomial distribution, correlation analysis, regression analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Numerical methods: Matrix inversion, solutions of nonlinear algebraic equations, iterative methods for solving differential equations, numerical integration, regression and correlation analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electrical, power and energy engineering: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Instrumentation, control, and automation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Immunology: Innate and adaptive immunity, antigens, antibody, antigen-antibody interactions, immune responses, congenital and acquired immune deficiencies, vaccines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Measurements and Instrumentation: SI units, standards (R,L,C, voltage, current and frequency), systematic and random errors in measurement, expression of uncertainty-accuracy and precision, propagation of errors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Linear and weighted regression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Bridges: Wheatstone, Kelvin, Megohm, Maxwell, Anderson, Schering and Wien for measurement of R, L, C and frequency, Q-meter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Measurement of voltage, current and power in single and three phase circuits; ac and dc current probes; true rms meters, voltage and current scaling, instrument transformers, timer/counter, time
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Phase and frequency measurements, digital voltmeter, digital multimeter; oscilloscope, shielding and grounding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Resistive, capacitive, inductive-, piezoelectric-, Hall effect sensors and associated signal conditioning circuits; transducers for industrial instrumentation-displacement (linear and angular), velocity, acceleration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Force, torque, vibration, shock, pressure (including low pressure), flow (variable head, variable area, electromagnetic, ultrasonic, turbine and open channel flow meters) temperature, (thermocouple, bolometer, RTD (3/4 wire)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Thermistor, pyrometer and semiconductor); liquid level, pH, conductivity and viscosity measurement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 4-20 mA two-wire transmitter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Control and automation: Mathematical modeling and representation of systems, Feedback principles, block diagram and signal flow graphs, transient response, steady-state-errors, Bode plot
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Control and automation: Phase and gain margins, Routh and Nyquist criteria, root loci, design of lead, lag and lead-lag compensators, state-space representation of systems; time-delay systems; mechanical
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Control and automation: Hydraulic and pneumatic system components, synchro pair, servo and stepper motors, servo valves; on-off, P, PI, PID, cascade, feedforward, and ratio controllers, tuning of PID controllers and sizing of control valves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Control and automation: State space model, solution of state equations of LTI systems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electrical, power and energy engineering: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electrical circuits and electrical machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Voltage and current sources: Independent, dependent, ideal and practical; V-I relationships of resistor, inductor, mutual inductance and capacitor; transient analysis of RLC circuits with DC excitation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Kirchoff’s laws, mesh and nodal analysis, superposition, Thevenin, Norton, maximum power transfer and reciprocity theorem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Peak, average and rms values of ac quantities; apparent-, active- and reactive powers; phasor analysis, impedance and admittance; series and parallel resonance, locus diagrams, realization of basic filters with R
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • L and C element
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Transient analysis of RLC circuits with AC excitation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • One-port and two-port networks, driving point impedance and admittance, open and short circuit parameters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Single phase transformer: Equivalent circuit, phasor diagram, open circuit and short circuit tests, regulation and efficiency; three phase induction motors-principle of operation, types, performance, torque-speed characteristics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • No-load and blocked rotor tests, equivalent circuit, starting and speed control; types of losses and efficiency calculations of electric machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Operating principle of single-phase induction motors; synchronous machines-cylindrical and salient pole machines, performance and characteristics, regulation and parallel operation of generators
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Starting of synchronous motors; types of losses and efficiency calculations of electric machines

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electrical, power and energy engineering: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Analog and digital electronics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Simple diode circuits: Clipping, clamping, rectifiers; amplifiers-biasing, equivalent circuit and frequency response; oscillators and feedback amplifiers; operational amplifiers-characteristics and applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Single stage active filters, active filters: Sallen key, Butterworth, VCOs and timers, combinatorial and sequential logic circuits, multiplexers, demultiplexers, Schmitt triggers, sample and hold circuits, A/D and D/A converters

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electrical, power and energy engineering: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Power system and power electronics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Power system: Basic concepts of electrical power generation, ac and dc transmission concepts, models and performance of transmission lines and cables, economic load dispatch (with and without considering transmission losses)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Series and shunt compensation, electric field distribution and insulators, distribution systems, per-unit quantities, bus admittance matrix, Gauss-Seidel and Newton-Raphson load flow methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Voltage and frequency control, power factor correction, symmetrical components, symmetrical and unsymmetrical fault analysis, principles of over-current, differential, directional and distance protection; circuit breakers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • System stability concepts, equal area criterion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Power electronics: Static V-I characteristics and firing/gating circuits for thyristor, MOSFET, IGBT; DC to DC conversion-buck, boost and buck-boost converters; single and three-phase configuration of uncontrolled rectifiers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Voltage and current commutated thyristor based converters; bidirectional AC to DC voltage source converters; magnitude and phase of line current harmonics for uncontrolled and thyristor based converters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Power factor and distortion factor of AC to DC converters; single-phase and three-phase voltage and current source inverters, sinusoidal pulse width modulation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electrical, power and energy engineering: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Non-conventional energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Energy alternatives: The solar option, the nuclear option, tar sands and oil shale, tidal energy, geothermal energy solar energy-solar radiation, availability, measurement and estimation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Solar thermal conversion devices and storage, applications solar photovoltaic conversion, wave energy and ocean thermal energy conversion, wind energy conversion, biomass energy conversion energy from waste, mini/ micro-hydel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Measurement of solar radiation and sunshine hours, measurement of albedo, UV & IR radiation, measurement of emissivity, reflectivity, transmissivity, performance testing of solar flat plate water heater
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Forced flow & thermosyphon systems, performance testing solar air heater & dryer & desalination unit, performance testing of solar thermal concentrators, characteristics of photovoltaic devices & testing of solar PV operated pump
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Energy consumption & lumen measurement of lights & ballasts

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Electrical, power and energy engineering: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Energy resources, economics & environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • 3-0-0-6, overview of world energy scenario-dis-aggregation by end-use, by supply fossil fuel reserves, estimates, duration overview of India's energy scenario, dis-aggregation by end-use, by supply
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Reserves country energy balance construction, examples trends in energy use patterns, energy and development linkage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Energy economics, simple payback period, time value of money, IRR, NPV, life cycle costing, cost of saved energy, cost of energy generated, examples from energy generation and conservation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Energy chain, primary energy analysis life cycle assessment, net energy analysis environmental impacts of energy use, air pollution-SOx, NOx, CO, particulates, solid and water pollution, formation of pollutants
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Measurement and controls; sources of emissions, effect of operating and design parameters on emission, control methods, exhaust emission test, procedures, standards and legislation; environmental audits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Emission factors and inventories global warming, CO2 emissions, impacts, mitigation sustainability, externalities, future energy system

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Water engineering & management: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Fluid mechanics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Types of fluids, properties of fluids, equation of state, coefficient of compressibility, bulk modulus of elasticity, newtonian and non-newtonian fluid, coefficient of thermal expansion, surface tension, capillarity, concept of viscosity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Effect of temperature on viscosity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Fluid static, fluid kinematics, fluid rotation, fluid dynamics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Dimensional and model analysis, laminar flow, turbulent Flow
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Cement, concrete, special concrete, properties of bricks and stones, forms of bricks, tests on bricks and stones, relevant codes, timber
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Physical properties of rock forming minerals, introduction of rocks, mode of formation and classification of sedimentary and igneous rocks, agents of metamorphism and zone of metamorphism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Physical and engineering properties of some important rocks, weathering; mechanical and chemical weathering-erosion

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Water engineering & management: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Surveying and levelling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Plane and geodetic surveying; classification of surveying; basic principles; measurement of horizontal distance by conventional methods; taping on sloping ground, offsets, errors and sources of errors, field book
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Levelling: Definition of terms; levelling principle; levelling, instruments; types of spirit levelling; methods of booking and reduction of levels; sensitiveness of level tube; errors in levelling; curvature and refraction correction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Compass survey, plane table surveying, area and volume computation-computation of area by different methods

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Water engineering & management: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Mechanics of solids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Theories of elastic failure: Introduction; comparison and significance of various theories, distribution of bending and shear stresses across cross-section of beams; shear centre; theory of shear flow; shear flow diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Shear centre for thin-walled symmetrical sections, basic elastic theorems and energy methods; theorem of complementary energy; principle of minimum strain energy; concepts of stiffness and flexibility
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Functions of project management, project life cycle, the project environment, project selection, project proposal, project scope, work breakdown structure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Network scheduling, critical path method, program evaluation & review technique, planning and scheduling of cc

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Water engineering & management: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Hydrology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Hydrological cycle, storage, water balance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Atmospheric circulation: Atmospheric circulation patterns, cyclones, typhoons, water vapor, precipitable water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Hydrologic elements: Precipitation types, measurements, analysis, mean precipitation, depth-area-duration relation, maximum intensity duration frequency relation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Evapotranspiration: Evaporation processes, influencing factors, measurement, potential and actual evapotranspiration. Infiltration: Infiltration processes, influencing factors, measurement, and infiltration models, infiltration capacity

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Water engineering & management: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Geotechnical engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Nature of soil, phase representation and relationships, structure of soil; soil texture; Size and range of soil particles; shapes of individual sand and clay particles; field identification of soils
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Three-phase system: Representation by phase diagram, soil solids, water and air; basic definitions and relationships-specific gravity; void ratio; porosity; water content; unit weights-bulk, dry, saturated, submerged and natural
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Degree of saturation and density index
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Nature of soil, phase representation and relationships, structure of soil; soil texture; size and range of soil particles; shapes of individual sand and clay particles; field identification of soils; Introduction to particulate behaviour
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Three phase system: Representation by Phase diagram Soil solids, water and air; basic definitions and relationships-specific gravity; void ratio; porosity; water content; unit weights-bulk, dry, saturated, submerged and natural
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Compaction, consolidation and shear strength of soil
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Bearing capacity of shallow and deep foundations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Irrigation engineering and hydraulic structures: Irrigation development planning, irrigation network and hydraulics, planning and design of irrigation systems, Kennedy and Lacey’s theory, Wastewater quantity estimation, Wastewater quality enhancement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Physical unit processes: Screening, Introduction to microbiology, basic features of open channel flow, uniform flow, critical flow, specific energy, hydraulic Jump
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Fundamentals of groundwater flow and groundwater wells, groundwater resources assessment, introduction to watershed hydrology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Section-II (aquacultural engineering, water resource development and management, farm machinery and power engineering, food processing engineering

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Water engineering & management: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Farm machinery
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Machine design: Design and selection of machine elements, gears, pulleys, chains and sprockets and belts; overload safety devices used in farm machinery; measurement of force, torque, speed
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Machine design: Displacement and acceleration on machine elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Farm machinery: Soil tillage; forces acting on a tillage tool; hitch systems and hitching of tillage implements; functional requirements, principles of working, construction and operation of manual
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Farm machinery: Animal and power operated equipment for tillage, sowing, planting, fertilizer application, inter-cultivation, spraying, mowing, chaff cutting, harvesting, threshing and transport;
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Farm machinery: Testing of agricultural machinery and equipment; calculation of performance parameters, field capacity, efficiency, application rate and losses; cost analysis of implements and tractors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Farm power sources of power: Sources of power on the farm, human, animal, mechanical, electrical, wind, solar and biomass; bio-fuels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Farm power: Thermodynamic principles of I.C. engines; I.C. engine cycles; engine components; fuels and combustion; lubricants and their properties; I.C. engine systems-fuel, cooling, lubrication, ignition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Farm power: Electrical, intake and exhaust; selection, operation, maintenance and repair of I.C. engines; power efficiencies and measurement; calculation of power, torque, fuel consumption, heat load and power losses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Tractors and power tillers: Type, selection, maintenance and repair of tractors and power tillers; tractor clutches and brakes; power transmission systems, gear trains, differential, final drives and power take-off
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Tractors and power tillers: Mechanics of tractor chassis; traction theory; three-point hitches-free link and restrained link operations; mechanical steering and hydraulic control systems used in tractors; tractor tests and performance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Tractors and power tillers: Human engineering and safety in design of tractor and agricultural implements

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Water engineering & management: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Soil and water conservation engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Fluid mechanics: Ideal and real fluids, properties of fluids; hydrostatic pressure and its measurement; hydrostatic forces on plane and curved surface; continuity equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Fluid mechanics: Bernoulli’s theorem; laminar and turbulent flow in pipes, Darcy- Weisbach and Hazen- Williams equations, Moody’s diagram; flow through orifices and notches; flow in open channels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Soil mechanics: Engineering properties of soils; fundamental definitions and relationships; index properties of soils; permeability and seepage analysis; shear strength, Mohr’s circle of stress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Hydrology: Hydrological cycle and components; meteorological parameters, their measurement and analysis of precipitation data; runoff estimation; hydrograph analysis, unit hydrograph theory and application
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Hydrology: Stream flow measurement; flood routing, hydrological reservoir and channel routing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Soil and water erosion: Mechanics of soil erosion, soil erosion types, wind and water erosion, factors affecting erosion; soil loss estimation; biological and engineering measures to control erosion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Terraces and bunds; vegetative waterways; gully control structures, drop, drop inlet and chute spillways; earthen dams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Watershed management: Watershed characterization; land use capability classification; rainwater harvesting structures, check dams and farm ponds

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Water engineering & management: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Irrigation and drainage engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Soil-water-plant relationship: Water requirement of crops; consumptive use and evapotranspiration; measurement of infiltration, soil moisture and irrigation water irrigation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Water conveyance and application methods: Design of irrigation channels and underground pipelines; irrigation scheduling; surface, sprinkler and micro irrigation methods, design and evaluation of irrigation methods; irrigation efficiencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Agricultural drainage: Drainage coefficient; planning, design and layout of surface and sub-surface drainage systems; leaching requirement and salinity control; irrigation and drainage water quality and reuse
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Groundwater hydrology: Groundwater occurrence; Darcy’s law, steady flow in confined and unconfined aquifers, evaluation of aquifer properties; groundwater recharge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Wells and pumps: Types of wells, steady flow through wells; classification of pumps; pump characteristics; pump selection and installation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Water engineering & management: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Agricultural processing engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Drying: Psychrometry-properties of air-vapour mixture; concentration and drying of liquid foods-evaporators, tray, drum and spray dryers; hydrothermal treatment; drying and milling of cereals, pulses and oilseeds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Size reduction and conveying: Mechanics and energy requirement in size reduction of granular solids; particle size analysis for comminuted solids; size separation by screening; fluidization of granular solids pneumatic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Size reduction and conveying: Bucket, screw and belt conveying; cleaning and grading; effectiveness of grain cleaners; centrifugal separation of solids, liquids and gase
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Processing and by-product utilization: Processing of seeds, spices, fruits and vegetables; by product utilization from processing industries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Storage systems: Controlled and modified atmosphere storage; perishable food storage, godowns, bins and grain silos

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Water engineering & management: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Dairy and food engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Heat and mass transfer: Steady state heat transfer in conduction, convection and radiation; transient heat transfer in simple geometry; working principles of heat exchangers; diffusive and convective mass transfer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Heat and mass transfer: Simultaneous heat and mass transfer in agricultural processing operations; material and energy balances in food processing systems; water activity, sorption and desorption isotherms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Preservation of food: Kinetics of microbial death, pasteurization and sterilization of milk and other liquid foods; preservation of food by cooling and freezing; refrigeration and cold storage basics and applications

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Textile engineering: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Textile fibres
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Classification of textile fibres; essential features of fibre forming polymers; fine structures of natural fibres like cotton, silk, wool; introduction to bast fibres; properties and applications of natural and man-made fibres including aramid
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Carbon, glass and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibres; physical and chemical methods of fibre and blend identification and blend analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Molecular architecture, amorphous and crystalline phases, glass transition, plasticization, crystallization, melting, factors affecting glass transition and melting temperature; polymerization of nylon-6, nylon 66, poly (ethylene terephthalate)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Polyacrylonitrile and polypropylene fibre forming polymers; melt spinning processes for PET, polyamide and polypropylene; principles of wet spinning, preparation of spinning dope; dry spinning, dry-jet-wet spinning and gel spinning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Spinning of acrylic, viscose and other regenerated cellulosic fibres such as polynosic and lyocell; post spinning operations such as drawing, heat setting, tow-to-top conversion; spin finish composition and applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Different texturing techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Fibres characterization techniques such as density, x-ray diffraction, birefringence, optical and electron microscopy such as SEM and TEM, infrared spectroscopy, thermal characterization by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Dynamic mechanical analyser (DMA), TMA and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA); structure and morphology of man-made fibres; mechanical behaviour of textile fibres; concept of moisture sorption of fibres
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Influence of fibre structure on fibre properties

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Textile engineering: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Yarn manufacture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Concept of yarn manufacturing and yarn properties, principles of ginning; principles of opening, cleaning and blending of fibres; concept and description of modern blow room machines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Fundamentals of carding; comparison between conventional and modern carding machine; card setting; card clothing; carding defects and remedies, card auto leveller; principles of roller drawing; roller arrangements in drafting systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Periodic mass variation in drawn sliver; draw frame autoleveller; principles of cotton combing; combing cycle and mechanisms; recent developments in combing machine; principles of drafting, twisting, and bobbin building in roving forming machine
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Modern developments in simplex machine; principles of drafting, twisting and cop building in ring spinning; causes of end breakages in ring frame during yarn formation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Modern developments in ring spinning machine; working principles of ring doubler and two-for-one twister; concept of yarn twist, relationship between single yarn twist and folded yarn twist; principles of compact
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Rotor, airjet, air-vortex, friction, core, wrap and twistless spinning processes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Influence of fibre geometry, fibre configuration and fibre orientation in yarn; fibre packing density of yarn; yarn diameter; yarn twist
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Its relation to yarn strength; helical arrangement of fibres in yarns; fibre migration in yarns; stress-strain relation in yarn; mass irregularity of yarn; comparison among ring, compact, rotor, airjet and friction spun yarns

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Textile engineering: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Fabric manufacture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Principles of yarn winding processes; classification of winding methods; patterning mechanism; yarn clearers and tensioners; different systems of yarn splicing; warping objectives and classification; different types of warping creels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Features of beam and sectional warping machines; different sizing systems; sizing of spun and filament yarns; quality control during sizing process-different sized yarn drying systems, different techniques of warp yarn sizing-sizing ingredients
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Drawing-in process; principles of pirn winding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Primary and secondary motions of loom; shedding motion; positive and negative shedding mechanisms; type of sheds; tappet, dobby and jacquard shedding; weft insertion; mechanics of weft insertion with shuttle; Shuttle picking and checking
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Beat-up; kinematics of sley; loom timing diagram; cam designing; take-up and let-off motions; warp and weft stop motions; warp protection; weft replenishment; principles of weft insertion systems of shuttleless weaving machines such as projectile
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Rapier, water-jet and air-jet; principles of functioning of multiphase and circular looms; different types of rapier systems-types of selvedges
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Basic woven fabric constructions and their derivatives; crepe, cord, terry, gauze, leno and double cloth constructions; drawing and lifting plans
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Fundamentals of weft knitting; classification of weft knitting technologies; weft knitted constructions such as plain, rib, interlock and purl; different knit stitches such as loop, tuck and float
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Principle of warp knitting; classification of warp knitting technologies; swinging and shogging motion of guide bar; Basic warp knit construction such as pillar, tricot, atlas, inlay and nets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Fibre preparation processes for nonwovens; web formation and bonding processes; Spun-bonding and melt-blowing technologies; applications of nonwoven fabrics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Principles of braiding; type of braids; Maypole braiding technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Peirce’s equations for plain woven fabric geometry, basic calculation of production, efficiency, yarn requirement, machine requirement

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Textile engineering: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Textile testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Sampling techniques for fibres, yarns and fabrics; sample size and sampling errors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Moisture in textiles; fibre length, fineness, crimp, maturity and trash content measurement; tensile testing of fibres; high volume fibre testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Linear density of silver, roving and yarn; twist and hairiness of yarn; tensile testing of yarns; evenness testing; fault measurement and analysis of yarns by classimat and classifault system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Fabric thickness, compressibility, stiffness, shear, drape, crease recovery, tear strength, bursting strength, pilling and abrasion resistance; tensile testing of fabrics; objective evaluation of low stress mechanical characteristic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Air permeability; wetting and wicking; water-vapour transmission through fabrics; thermal resistance of fabrics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Contact angle measurement for water proofness and water repellency

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Textile engineering: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Chemical processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Impurities in natural fibre; singeing; chemistry and practice of preparatory processes for cotton; preparatory processing of wool and silk; mercerization of cotton; preparatory processes for manmade fibres and their blends; optical brightening agent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Classification of dyes; dyeing of cotton, wool, silk, polyester, nylon and acrylic with appropriate classes of dyes; dyeing of polyester/cotton and polyester/wool blends; dyeing machines; dyeing processes and machines for cotton knitted fabrics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Dye-fibre interaction; introduction to thermodynamics and kinetics of dyeing; brief idea about the relation between colour and chemical
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Constitution; Beer-Lambert’s law; Kubelka-Munk theory and its application in colour measurement; methods for determination of wash, light and rubbing fastness
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Methods of printing such as roller printing and screen printing; preparation of printing paste; various types of thickeners; printing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Auxiliaries; direct styles of printing of: (i) cotton with reactive dyes, (ii) wool, silk, nylon with acid and metal complex dyes, (iii) polyester with disperse dyes; Resist and discharge printing of cotton, silk and polyester; Pigment printing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Transfer printing of polyester; inkjet printing; printing faults
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Mechanical finishing of cotton; Stiff, soft, wrinkle resistant, water repellent, flame retardant and enzyme (bio-polishing) finishing of cotton; antimicrobial, soil resistance and nano finish-milling, decatizing and shrink resistant finishing of wool
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Antistatic and soil release finishing; heat setting of synthetic fabrics; minimum application techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                  • Pollution control and treatment of effluents

                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Agricultural science: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Agronomy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Agricultural science: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Genetics & plant breeding

                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Agricultural science: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Soil science & agricultural chemistry

                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Agricultural science: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Plant physiology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Agricultural science: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Horticulture

                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Agricultural science: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Entomology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Agricultural science: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Agricultural economics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Agricultural science: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Mycology & plant pathology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Agricultural science: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Agricultural engineering & statistics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Agricultural science: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Agricultural extension education

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Agroforestry: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Importance of agriculture/forestry/livestock in national economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Principles of crop ecology and crop adaptation, climate shift and its ecological implications, agro-ecological regions in India
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Geographical distribution of crop plants, greenhouse effect, climatic factors and their effect on plant processes and crop productivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Role of GIS and GPS in agriculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Major pests and diseases of rice, wheat, cotton, chickpea, sugarcane and their management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Important rural development programmed in India; organizational set up of agricultural research, education and extension in India; elements of statistics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Agroforestry: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Agricultural soil fertility and fertilizer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Essential plant nutrients and their deficiency symptoms, concept of essentiality of plant nutrients, indicators of soil fertility and productivity

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Agroforestry: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Sustainable land use systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Sustainable agriculture: Parameters and indicators, conservation agriculture, safe disposal of agri-industrial waste for crop production, argo-forestry

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Agroforestry: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Layout and establishment of orchards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Pruning and training; propagation, climatic requirement and cultivation of fruits like mango, banana, citrus, guava, grape, pineapple, papaya, apple, pear, peach and plum; cultivation of plantation crops like
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Coconut and cashew nut and spices like black pepper, coriander, turmeric, important physiological disorder

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Agroforestry: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Forest
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Importance, types, classification, ecosystem, biotic and abiotic components, ecological succession and climax, nursery and planting technique, social forestry, farm forestry, urban forestry, community forestry, forest management, silvicultural practices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Forest mensuration, natural regeneration, man-made plantations, shifting cultivation, taungya, dendrology, hardwoods, softwoods, pulp woods, fuel woods, multipurpose tree species, wasteland management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Agroforestry-importance and land use systems, forest soils, classification and conservation, watershed management, forest genetics and biotechnology and tree improvement, tree seed technology, rangelands, wildlife
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Importance, abuse, depletion, management, major and minor forest products including medicinal and aromatic plants, forest inventory, aerial photo interpretation and remote sensing, forest depletion and degradation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Importance and impact on environment, global warming, role of forests and trees in climate mitigation, tree diseases, wood decay and discoloration, tree pests, integrated pest and disease management, biological and chemical wood preservation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Forest conservation, Indian forest policies, Indian forest act, forest engineering, forest economics, joint forest management and tribology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Applied microbiology: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Microbiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • History and scope of microbiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Position and diversity of microorganisms in the living world
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Structure and organization of a bacterial cell
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Bacteriophages, viroid’s, prions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Biogeochemical cycles: Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • General accounts of microbes in diverse environments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Cultivation of microbes and microbial growth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Mechanisms of gene transfer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Basic concepts of gene regulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Fermented foods and food-borne diseases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Types of fermentations and fermenters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Bio fertilizers and bio pesticides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Microbial interactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Emerging infectious diseases

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Applied microbiology: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Cytology and genetics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Ultrastructure of plant and animal cell
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Cell cycle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Mendel's laws and cytoplasmic inheritance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Interaction of genes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Linkage and crossing over
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Sex determination in plants and animals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Modern concept of gene structure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Mutations and mutagen

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Applied microbiology: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Biochemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Proteins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Enzymes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Carbohydrates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Lipids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Nucleic acids and genetic code

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Applied microbiology: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Physiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Water relations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • cell membrane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Respiration: Aerobic, anaerobic and fermentation hormones

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Applied microbiology: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Biotechnology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Vectors: Plasmid, lambda phage based, M13 based, cosmids, BAC, YAC, expression vectors, agrobacterium-based
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Tools and techniques in biotechnology: Restriction enzymes, ligases, DNA
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Polymerases, PCR, Sanger's method of sequencing, Southern blotting, Northern, Blotting, DNA microarray, genomic and cDNA libraries, gene gun
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • RDT based products

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Applied microbiology: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Bio techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chromatography
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Electrophoresis: Agarose gel, SDS PAGE, IEF and 2D
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Microscopy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Centrifugation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Spectrophotometry

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Applied microbiology: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Immunology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Cells and organs of immune system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Innate and adaptive immune response
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Antigen and antibody
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Complement system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Mhc
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Immunological techniques

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Applied microbiology: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Ecology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Adaptation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Population ecology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Community ecology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Ecological succession
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Ecosystem function
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Environmental pollution

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Architecture and planning: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Architecture, planning and design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Architectural graphics; visual composition in 2D and 3D; computer application in architecture and planning; anthropometrics; organization of space; circulation-horizontal and vertical; space standards; universal design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Building bye laws; codes and standard
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Principles of art and architecture; world history of architecture: Egyptian, Greco-Roman classical period, Byzantine, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque-Rococo, etc.; recent trends in contemporary architecture-art nouveau, art deco
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Eclecticism, international styles, postmodernism, deconstruction in architecture, etc.; influence of modern art and design in architecture; Indian vernacular and traditional architecture, oriental architecture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Works of renowned national and international architects

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Architecture and planning: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Construction, planning techniques and management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Project management techniques e.g. PERT, CPM etc.; estimation and specification; professional practice and ethics; form and structure; principles and design of disaster resistant structures; temporary structures for rehabilitation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Building construction techniques, methods and details; building systems and prefabrication of building elements; principles of modular coordination; construction planning and equipment; building material characteristics and applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Principles of strength of materials; alternative building materials; foundations; design of structural elements with different materials; elastic and limit state design; structural systems; principles of prestressing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • High rise and long span structures, gravity and lateral load resisting system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Application of G.I.S and remote sensing techniques in urban and regional planning; tools and techniques of surveys, physical, topographical, land use and socio-economic surveys; urban economics, law of demand and supply of land and its use in planning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Graphic presentation of spatial data; local self governance, Panchayati Raj institutions; planning legislation and implementation, Land Acquisition Act, PPP etc.; decision support system and land information system; urban geography and econometrics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Management of infrastructure projects; demography and equity in planning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Architecture and planning: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Environmental and infrastructure planning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Natural and man-made ecosystem; ecological principles; environmental considerations in planning and design; environmental pollution-types, causes, controls and abatement strategies; sustainable development, goals and strategies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Climate change and built environment; climate responsive design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Process and principles of transportation planning and traffic engineering; road capacity and travel demand forecasting; traffic survey methods, traffic flow analysis; traffic analysis and design considerations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Traffic and transport management and control in urban areas; mass transportation planning; intelligent transportation systems; urban and rural infrastructure system network

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Architecture and planning: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Urban design, landscape and conservation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Historical and modern examples of urban design; elements of urban built environment-urban form, spaces, structure, pattern, fabric, texture, grain etc.; concepts and theories of urban design; principles, tools and techniques of urban design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Public spaces, character, spatial qualities and sense of place; urban design interventions for sustainable development and transportation; development controls-FAR, densities and building byelaws; urban renewal and conservation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Heritage conservation; historical public spaces and gardens; landscape design; site planning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Architecture and planning: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Building services and sustainability
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Solar architecture; thermal, visual and acoustic comfort in built environments; natural and mechanical ventilation in buildings; air-conditioning systems; sustainable building strategies; building performance simulation and evaluation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Intelligent buildings; water supply; sewerage and drainage systems; sanitary fittings and fixtures; plumbing systems; principles of internal and external drainage system; principles of electrification of buildings; elevators and escalator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Building services and utilities-electrical, HVAC, sanitary and plumbing, solid and liquid waste management, (with special reference to energy efficiency, recycling and reuse), overview of green building rating systems

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Architecture and planning: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Infrastructure and service
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Firefighting systems; building safety and security systems; building management systems; water treatment; water supply and distribution system; water harvesting systems; principles, planning and design of storm water drainage system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Sewage disposal methods; methods of solid waste management, collection, transportation and disposal; recycling and reuse of solid waste; land use, transportation, urban form inter-relationships; design of roads, intersections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Grade separators and parking areas; hierarchy of roads and level of service; para-transits and other modes of transportation, pedestrian and slow moving traffic planning

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Architecture and planning: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Remote sensing and GIS in architecture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Introduction, development of remote sensing technology, advantages; different platforms of remote sensing; EM spectrum, solar reflection and thermal emission remote sensing, interaction of EM radiation with atmosphere including atmospheric scattering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Absorption and emission
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Interaction mechanisms of EM radiation with ground, spectral response curves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Photographic techniques in aerial and spaceborne remote sensing; spectrozonal photography using various camera, film, filter combinations; applications and limitations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Stereo aerial photography, principle of stereoscopy, elements of photogrammetry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Principles of image interpretation, digital image processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Multispectral scanners and imaging devices; salient QuickBird, GeoEye sensors and their applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Image characteristics and interpretation of different geological landforms, structures and major igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rock types; remote sensing as a forerunner in all exploration programs

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Painting: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Physical properties

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Painting: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Oil & painting process

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Painting: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Relief printmaking process and their use
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Etching
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Wood engraving

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Painting: Unit 15


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Material & methods of etching
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Preparation of plate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Use of various ground and stop-out
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Printing technique of intaglio

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Painting: Unit 16


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Study of material and method of intaglio processes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Line etching
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Aquatint
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Dry point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Printing processes and use of press

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Painting: Unit 17


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Methods of serigraphy and their use
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Making of frame
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Selection of various grades of nylon cloth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Use of various ink
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Use of squeeze for printing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Painting: Unit 18


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Lithography
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Preparation of stone
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Image on stone with crayons and tusche ink
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Use roller and press
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          • Printing process

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Psychology: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Introduction to psychology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Psychology: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            History of psychology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Psychology: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Schools of psychology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Psychology: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Learning, memory

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Psychology: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Sensation and perception

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Psychology: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Emotion and motivation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Psychology: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Intelligence

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Psychology: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Personality

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Psychology: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Psychological testing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Psychology: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Life-span development

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Psychology: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Statistics for psychology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Social work: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Social concept
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Family, marriage, neighborhood, community, organization, culture, caste, clan, values, culture, traditions, practices, norms, lifestyle, health, socialization, needs

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Social work: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Economic concepts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Economy, market, production, distribution, demand, supply, labor, income, expenditure, globalization, privatization, liberalization, industrialization

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Social work: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Political concepts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Politics, democracy, decentralization, panchayat, legislature, executive, judiciary, human rights, social justice, freedom, liberty, fundamental rights & duties

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Social work: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Psychological concepts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Individual, self, behavior, mental functions, attitude, emotions, beliefs, self-esteem, intelligence

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Social work: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Environmental concept
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Environment, atmosphere, pollution-air, water, sound; natural resources-air, water, soil, forest; disaster

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Social work: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Legal concept
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Constitution, law, petition, litigation, first-hand information report (FIR)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Social work: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Social reform, social movement, social work
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Concepts: Social reform, social movement, revolution, Satyagraha, non-violence, truth, justice, peace, social work, social development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Bhakti movement-Guru Nanak, Kabir, Basaveshwar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Social reformers-Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Swami Vivekananda, Dhondo Sing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Freedom movement-Gandhi, Subhash Chandra Bose
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Dalit & social movement-Ambedkar, Medha Patkar, Anna Hazare, Aruna Roy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Non-government organizations, corporate

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Social work: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Social change and social transformation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Concepts: Social change, social transformation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Social work: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Sustainable technologies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Forms of sustainable technologies: Solar, wind, bio-gas, biomass, bio-diesel; pollution control through technologies

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Sociology: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Basic concepts in sociology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Sociology: Definition, nature and scope; relationship with other social sciences-psychology, anthropology, history, economics and political science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Basic concepts: Social structure, society, social organization, community, association, norms, values
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Status and role: Types of status and role and their interrelationship
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Socialization: Meaning, types, processes and agencies. Theories of self (Freud, Cooley and Mead) culture-meaning, characteristics; material and non-material culture; cultural lag. Culture and civilization

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Sociology: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Social processes and-problems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Social processes: Cooperation, accommodation, assimilation, competition and conflict
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Social groups: Definition, characteristics, types (primary and secondary; in-group and out- group; reference group and peer group)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Social institutions: Marriage; family; kinship. Education, religion and economy-meaning and function
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Social control: Meaning, significance and agency
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Social deviance: Meaning, characteristics, forms and factors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Sociology: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Society, culture and social change
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Societies: Types and characteristics-tribal, rural, urban, industrial and post-industrial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Culture: Definition and nature; types-material and non-material. Socialization-importance, process and stages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Social control: Types and means
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Processes of social change: Characteristic features of industrialization, modernization, globalization and secularization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Social stratification: Types, theories of stratification social mobility and its types

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Sociology: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Indian Society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Evolution of Indian society: Traditional basis of Indian society; unity and diversity in India; India as a pluralistic society
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Caste, theories of caste system and its changing dimensions in India; dominant caste
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Processes of social change in India: Sanskritization, westernization, modernization, prophetization and universalization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Social Issues and problems: Gender discrimination, problems of women; problems of Dalits, OBCs and minorities; affirmative actions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Sociology: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Social research
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Social research: Definition, nature and purpose; steps in social research; problem of objectivity and subjectivity in social research
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Research methods: Research designs; social survey; hypothesis, types & significance; sampling and sampling procedure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Techniques of data collection: Observation, interview, questionnaire, schedule and case study; types of data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Statistical analysis and use of computer in social research: Classification and tabulation of data; measures of central tendency-mean, median and mode; use of computers in social research

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Sociology: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Social problems in India
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Social problem: Meaning and definition; importance of the study of social problems; sociological perspectives on social problem-anomie and suicide (Durkheim) labeling (Becker)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Structural issues: Inequality of caste, class, gender and ethnicity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Problems and issues: Female feticide, dowry, domestic violence, divorce; problems of aged
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Social disorganization: Crime, juvenile delinquency, corruption, communalism, drug addiction, suicide, nepotism, prostitution and AIDS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Textile design: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                History of textile

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Textile design: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Motions of loom

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Textile design: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Yarn: Natural and manmade

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Textile design: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Fiber identification

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Textile design: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Yarn construction

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Textile design: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Cover factor

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Textile design: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Weaving calculation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Textile design: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Count calculation of reed & healed

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Textile design: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Count calculation of folded yarn

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Textile design: Unit 18


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Cost estimation of fabric

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Textile design: Unit 20


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Printing process

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Textile design: Unit 23


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Dyeing machineries

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Textile design: Unit 25


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Resist dyeing process

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Textile design: Unit 26


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Fastness properties of dyes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Textile design: Unit 27


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Colour forecasting

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Textile design: Unit 28


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Computer aided textile design

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Textile design: Unit 31


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Digitalization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Digital locker: How to use digilocker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Introduction to digitalization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • E-commerce: Types of e-commerce-business to business (b2b), business to customer (b2c), customer to customer (c2c), customer to business (c2b); advantages of e-commerce, disadvantages of e-commerce
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Digital or online payment: online payment methods-credit card, debit card, e-wallets, netbanking / banking apps, mobile banking, bhim app (bharat interface for money); benefits of online payment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • E-learning: moocs (massive open online courses), swayam (study webs of active-learning for young aspiring minds), swayam prabha
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • national academy depository (nad)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Textile design: Unit 32


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                E-governance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Levels of e-governance: national level, domestic level/state level, international level; benefits & drawbacks of e-governance;
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • What is smart governance?; sarba sewa/sewa kendra/saanjh kendra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Awareness of aadhar: What is an aadhar, features of aadhar, uses of aadhar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Information system: Components of information system, types of information system-transaction processing system (TPS), decision support system (DSS), executive information system (EIS), management information system (MIS), expert system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Levels of e-governance: National level, domestic level/state level, international level; benefits & drawbacks of e-governance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • What is smart governance? sarba sewa/sewa kendra/saanjh kendra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Information system: Components of information system, types of information system-transaction processing system, decision support system, executive information system, management information system, expert system

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Textile design: Unit 33


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Image editing and file conversion tools
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Introduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Popular image editing tools/software: Gimp (gnu image manipulation program), gimp features, gimp supported image formats, gimp preferences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Working with image editor-gimp: Creating a new image, opening an image for editing, saving an image, export as, image properties, autocorrect, brightness and contrast, crop setting, rotate and flip settings, flip, resize, aspect ratio, compression setting
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Working with image layers: Layer properties, adding layer, deleting layer, merge layers, scaling a layer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Image editing tools: Selection tools, eraser tool, text tool, move tool, align tool, scale tool, blur / sharpen tool, bucket fill tool
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Masking: Adding layer mask
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Image file conversions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Textile design: Unit 34


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Audio and video editing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Introduction, audio converter-codec, cd ripping, encoder settings (lossy audio, lossless audio, uncompressed audio)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Free audio converter, fre-ac, features of fre:ac, add files to software, removing files
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Video editing: popular video editing software
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Working with video editors: Project, import files (audio/video/images), video transitions, video effects, titles, storyboard and timeline, video preview (monitor), tracks, export video, saving & opening projects
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Working with video editors: Video file formats, video cutting, video joining (merge)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Textile design: Unit 35


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Office automation and typing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Document writing and editing in ms word: adding new text, deleting a part of the text, copying a text, moving text, formatting text, alignment, line spacing, bullets and numbering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Working with fonts: Change the font, change the default font settings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Proofing: Auto correct, spelling & grammar; find and replace
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Ms excel, spreadsheet software; formula bar; working with formulas mathematical operators for formulas, basic steps for creating a formula, manual formula
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Working with functions: Steps for using a function, autosum, commonly used functions , sum, count, max, min, average, now, today, concatenate, upper, proper; relational operators for conditional/logical functions, conditional functions-if, sumif, countif
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Border and shading, custom filter, custom sort, freeze panes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Page setup and printing options: margins, orientation, size, print area, breaks, background, print titles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • File conversion: How to convert an excel file to a pdf
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Typing technique: Touch typing, voice typing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Font conversion tool

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Textile design: Unit 36


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Control statements in C
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Introduction, control statements and their types-branching, looping and jumping
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Branching control statements: Conditional control structures or decision-making statement (simple if statement, if else statement, else if statement, nested-if statement), multi way conditional (case) control structures (switch-case statement)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Looping control statements: Pre-test loops (for loop, while loop); posttest loop (do while loop)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Jumping control statements: Goto statement, break statement, continue statement

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Textile design: Unit 37


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Computer network
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Introduction to network, need of networking
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • The osi layers: Physical layer, data-link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation layer, application layer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Network devices: Hub (active hub, passive hub, intelligence hub), switch, routers-functions of a router, repeater, bridge-types of bridges, gateway, brouter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Communication media: Guided media-twisted pair cable (unshielded twisted pair (UTP), shielded twisted pair (STP), advantages and disadvantages of twisted pair cable), coaxial cable (advantages and disadvantages of coaxial cable)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Communication media: Optical fibre (advantages and disadvantages of optical fibre); unguided media- infrared (applications of infrared waves in communications), NFC, bluetooth, wi-fi, radio waves (applications, advantages and disadvantages of radio waves)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Communication media: Microwaves (applications, advantages and disadvantages of microwave), satellites (advantages and disadvantages of satellite microwave)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Network sharing: Printer sharing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Protocol: tcp/ip, ftp, ppp, smtp, pop/imap, http
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Network component addresses: Mac address, ip address

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Textile design: Unit 38


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Current trends in information technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Introduction to information technology, definition of information technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Applications of information technology: Business, classroom education, online education, finance, health, media, transport, telecommunication, entertainment, defence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Current trends in information technology: Mobile internet, wi-fi technology, bluetooth technology, e-commerce, m-commerce technology, gps technology, android technology, virtual reality, nanotechnology, 5g technologies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • internet of things (iot) technology, multimedia technology, cloud computing: Cloud printing, cloud storage (advantages and disadvantages)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Textile design: Unit 39


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Artificial intelligence and expert system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Introduction to ai, what is artificial intelligence?
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Types of ai: Type-1 (narrow artificial intelligence (NAI), general artificial intelligence (GAI), strong artificial intelligence (SAI)), type-1i (reactive machines, limited memory machine, theory of mind, self-awareness)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Importance of ai: Game playing, voice recognition, understanding the natural language, computer vision & analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Applications of ai: Intrusion detection system, gaming, natural language processing, machine learning, expert systems, vision systems, speech recognition, handwriting recognition, intelligent robots
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Purpose or goal of ai, pros and cons of artificial intelligence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Expert systems: Components of expert system (user interface, inference engine, knowledge base), characteristics of expert systems, limitations of expert systems, comparison between human and expert systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Robotics: Generations of robots, applications of robotics, introduction of languages used to develop ai (python, r, lisp, prolog, java)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Textile design: Unit 40


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Philosophy of education
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Philosophy and education: (Meaning and definition of philosophy, characteristics of philosophy, relationship between education and philosophy)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Education and philosophical ideologies: (Naturalism, idealism, pragmatism, realism)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Contribution of philosophers in education: (Mahatma Gandhi, Rabindranath Tagore, Vivekananda, Rousseau, Maria Montessori)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Value education

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Textile design: Unit 41


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Social basis of education
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Education and its nature: (Meaning, nature of education, objectives and importance)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Democracy and education: (Meaning and objectives of democratic education, relation between democracy and education)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • School and society: (Place of school in society, importance and need, school-as an agency of education)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Universalization of primary education: Objective of universalization of primary education, action plan, obstacles in the path of universalization of primary education and measures to overcome them)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Vocationalization of education: (Meaning, utility, problems and solutions of vocationalization of education, recommendations regarding vocationalization of education in India)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Equality of educational opportunities: (Present status of equality of educational opportunities, reasons for inequality in educational opportunities, measures for equality of educational opportunities)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Textile design: Unit 42


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Relationship between education and psychology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Meaning, definition and objectives of education, relationship between education and psychology, concept of educational psychology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Process of intelligence and development: (Physical, social, emotional and cognitive development, development in role of heredity and environment)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Concept of intelligence: (Meaning, definition and types of intelligence, concept of intelligence quotient, different theories of intelligence.)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Learning: (Meaning, definition and nature of learning, basic processes of teaching-act, how children learn, laws of learning, theories of learning-learning theories of Thorndike, Paleval, Skinner, Koehler)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Children with special needs: (Psychology and education of retarded, visually impaired, hearing impaired, orthopedically handicapped, learning disabled, gifted and creative children)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Concept of personality: (Meaning, definition and nature of personality, types of personality, theories of personality)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Mental health and wellness: (Meaning and definition of mental health, characteristics of a mentally healthy child, concept of maladjustment, characteristics of maladjusted children.)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Life skill education: Changes during adolescence, sexual maturation, misconceptions about sexuality, acne and body odour, adult pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, concept of HIV/AIDS, risk assessment and prevention
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Life skill education: Inter-sex relationships, non-sexual love, resistance to peer pressure, resolution of conflict, resolution of discrimination)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Textile design: Unit 43


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                History of education
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Vedic period education: (Features of Vedic period education, Vedic period education)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Education during the Vedic period: (Features of education during the Buddhist period, shortcomings of education during the Buddhist period, usefulness of education during the Buddhist period in the current education system)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Education during the Muslim period: Features of education during the Muslim period, shortcomings of Muslim education, usefulness of Muslim education in the current education system)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Education during the British period: History of Indian education during the British period, features of Indian education during the British period, shortcomings of education during the British period)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Textile design: Unit 44


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Colour classification & theories
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Philosophy and education: (Meaning and definition of philosophy, characteristics of philosophy, relationship between education and philosophy)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Education and philosophical ideologies: (Naturalism, idealism, pragmatism, realism)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Contribution of philosophers in education: (Mahatma Gandhi, Rabindranath Tagore, Vivekananda, Rousseau, Maria Montessori)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Value education
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Education and its nature: (Meaning, nature of education, objectives and importance)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Democracy and education: (Meaning and objectives of democratic education, relation between democracy and education)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • School and society: (Place of school in society, importance and need, school-as an agency of education)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Universalization of primary education: Objective of universalization of primary education, action plan, obstacles in the path of universalization of primary education and measures to overcome them)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Vocationalization of education: (Meaning, utility, problems and solutions of vocationalization of education, recommendations regarding vocationalization of education in India)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Equality of educational opportunities: (Present status of equality of educational opportunities, reasons for inequality in educational opportunities, measures for equality of educational opportunities)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Meaning, definition and objectives of education, relationship between education and psychology, concept of educational psychology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Process of intelligence and development: (Physical, social, emotional and cognitive development, development in role of heredity and environment)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Concept of intelligence: (Meaning, definition and types of intelligence, concept of intelligence quotient, different theories of intelligence.)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Learning: (Meaning, definition and nature of learning, basic processes of teaching-act, how children learn, laws of learning, theories of learning-learning theories of Thorndike, Paleval, Skinner, Koehler)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Children with special needs: (Psychology and education of retarded, visually impaired, hearing impaired, orthopedically handicapped, learning disabled, gifted and creative children)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Concept of personality: (Meaning, definition and nature of personality, types of personality, theories of personality)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Mental health and wellness: (Meaning and definition of mental health, characteristics of a mentally healthy child, concept of maladjustment, characteristics of maladjusted children.)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Life skill education: Changes during adolescence, sexual maturation, misconceptions about sexuality, acne and body odour, adult pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, concept of HIV/AIDS, risk assessment and prevention
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Life skill education: Inter-sex relationships, non-sexual love, resistance to peer pressure, resolution of conflict, resolution of discrimination)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Vedic period education: (Features of Vedic period education, Vedic period education)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Education during the Vedic period: (Features of education during the Buddhist period, shortcomings of education during the Buddhist period, usefulness of education during the Buddhist period in the current education system)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Education during the Muslim period: Features of education during the Muslim period, shortcomings of Muslim education, usefulness of Muslim education in the current education system)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Education during the British period: History of Indian education during the British period, features of Indian education during the British period, shortcomings of education during the British period)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Diary technology: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Milk production management and dairy development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Indian and exotic breeds of dairy animals; management of dairy animals; milking procedure and practices for quality milk production; dairy farm records and their maintenance; milk secretion and milk let-down
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Socio-economic and geographical features of Indian dairying; annual milk production and per capita availability
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Five-year plans and dairy development; co-operative dairy organizations, Anand pattern and perspectives; operation flood- I, II, III programmed; dairy development corporations, co-operative dairy federation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Diary technology: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Introduction to dairy microbiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Milk production hygiene and critical risk factors affecting microbiological quality on-farm
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Microorganisms associated with raw milk and their classification based on growth temperature, psychographics, mesophiles, thermoduric and thermophilic; mastitis milk-microflora of mastitis milk and its importance in dairy industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Good hygiene practices (GHP) during milk production operations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Collection and transportation of milk: (a) Organization of milk collection routes, (b) practices for collection of milk, preservation at farm, refrigeration, natural microbial inhibitors, immunoglobulin, lactoferrin, lysozymes, lactoperoxidase (LP) system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Collection and transportation of milk: (c) Microbial quality of milk produced on farm, (d) chemical tests for grading raw milk, (e) microbiological tests for grading raw milk; microbial metabolites and their role in spoilages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Collection and transportation of milk: (e) souring, curdling, gassiness, ropiness, proteolysis, lipolysis, abnormal flavors and color; antimicrobial systems in raw milk; food poisoning, food infections
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Collection and transportation of milk: (e) Food poisoning, food infections, toxic-infections and other milk borne diseases and their control; isolation and identification of conventional and emerging dairy pathogens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Collection and transportation of milk: (e) Detection of microbial toxins, drug residues in milk and their public health importance

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Diary technology: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Unit operation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Fluid mechanics-properties of fluids, Bernoulli’s equation and its applications, hydraulic systems; types of pumps-sanitary pumps, standards for centrifugal and positive rotatory type of pumps; refrigeration and air-conditioning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Heat-transfer and thermodynamics; mechanical separation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Diary technology: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Market milk
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chemical composition of various food of plant and animal origin
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Structure and functions of food constituents’ additives, preservatives, flavor’s and antioxidants, composition and physicochemical and nutritional properties of milk and colostrum, effect of heat processing on nutritive value
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chemistry of milk, constituents, nutrients and milk products; milk collection and RMRD activities, clarification and storage, homogenization, pasteurizer, bactofugation, termination, sterilization, UHT processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Toned, doubled toned, reconstituted, recombined, flavored, homogenized vitaminized, sweet acidophilus milk, sterilized milk, etc
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Principles of thermal processing: Kinetics of microbial destruction, thermal death curve, Arrhenius equation, D value, Z value, F0 value, Q10 value. Factors affecting thermal destruction of microorganisms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Bacteriological aspects of milk processing-thermization, pasteurization, boiling, sterilization, UHT, bactofugation, and membrane filtration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Defects in market milk

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Diary technology: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Dairy engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Sanitization: Materials and sanitary features of the dairy equipment; can washers, bottle washers; CIP cleaning and designing of system; mechanical separation-fundamentals involved in separation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Sedimentation; principles involved in filtration, principles of centrifugal separation, different types of centrifuges, clarifiers, processors, cream separator, self-desludging centrifuge, bactofuge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Homogenization: Classification, single stage and two stage homogenizer pumps; pasteurization-batch, flash and continuous (HTST) pasteurizers, flow diversion valve
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Different type of sterilizers: In bottle sterilizers, autoclaves, continuous sterilization plant, UHT sterilization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Filling operation: Principles and working of different types of bottle filters and capping machine, pouch filling machine (pre-pack and aseptic filling bulk handling system, mixing and agitation)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Theory and purpose of mixing; materials and sanitary features of the dairy equipment; aseptic packaging and equipment; computerization and automatic process controls in milk processing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Diary technology: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Fat rich milk products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Composition and processing of cream, butter, ghee, butter oil, low fat spreads; spoilage of ghee and use of antioxidants, test for the quality of butter, ghee, adulterants, neutralizers and preservatives
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Their detection, heat stability of milk; microbiological quality of cream and butter

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Diary technology: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Condensed and dried milk
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Definition, legal standards and manufacturing: Condensed milk, sweetened condensed milk, evaporated milk, dried milk like skim milk powder (SMP), whole milk powders; heat stability of milk and condensed milk
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Dried milks: Manufacture of and heat classified powders, physiochemical changes taking place during manufacture of dried milks, physical properties of dried milks, milk during manufacture and storage, their causes and prevention
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • PFA, BIS and international standards for dried milk principles of evaporation, drying
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Atmosphere concentration, vacuum pan, fluidization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Care of vacuum pan, atmospheric drum dryer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Spray dryer principles of dairy plant layout and design, functional design, space requirement of milk plant; processing of infant food; microbiological quality of concentrated dairy products, dried milks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Infants milk foods; physicochemical changes in the manufacture and storage of milk powder, lactose, crystallization and its significance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Defects in condensed and dried milk

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Diary technology: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Fermented milk products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Microbiology of dairy starters; classification, metabolism of lactic acid bacteria and diacetyl production, production of antibacterial substances by lactic starter cultures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Preservation, propagation and quality control of dairy starters and their inhibition by antibiotic residues, detergents, sanitizers, bacteriophages etc.; chemistry and microbiology of milk fermentations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chemistry of rennin coagulation of milk and changes occurring during ripening of cheese, cheeses and application of probiotic concept in dahi, yoghurt, kefir, kumiss, bulgarian milk, cultured buttermilk, leben
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Yakult, cheddar and processed cheese; role of starter culture in relation to cheese quality; rennet substitutes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Manufacture of different varieties of cheese: Cheddar, gouda, swiss, mozzarella, cottage; accelerated ripening of cheese. Microbiological defects in cheese

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Diary technology: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Traditional dairy products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Indigenous dairy products: Khoa and its related products like burfi, peda, milk cake, kalakand, gulab jamun, rabri and basundi; channa and it's based sweets like rasgulla, sandesh, rasmalai; paneer; shrikhand
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Misti dahi; kheer and payasam; factors affecting the microbiological quality of these products during production, processing, handling, storage and distribution; physicochemical changes during the manufacture of indigenous milk products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Its chemical and microbial standards (legal specifications)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Diary technology: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Ice-cream and Frozen milk product
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Definition, classification and composition of ice cream and other frozen desserts; Stabilizers and emulsifiers-their classification, properties and role in quality of ice-cream; technological aspects of ice cream
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Manufacture; effect of process treatments on the physicochemical properties of ice cream mixes and ice cream, processing and freezing of ice-cream mix and control of over run, packaging, hardening
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Storage and shipping of ice-cream, defects in ice cream; food safety & legal standards

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Diary technology: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Dairy by-products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Dairy by-products in India and abroad; whey and its related product like fermented whey beverages, deproteinized and demineralized whey; butter milk and ghee residue, by-products from skim milk like casein
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Casein hydrolysates, etc; lactose; nutritional characteristics of by products

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Diary technology: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Packaging and sensory of milk and milk products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Sensory evaluation and judging of milk and milk products, types of packaging materials and their properties, packaging of milk and dairy products; packing forms and operations, problems in food packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Recent advances in packaging dairy and food products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Modern packaging techniques: Vacuum packaging, modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), eco-friendly packaging, aseptic packaging (AP), intelligent food packaging. Nutritional labelling of food products

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Diary technology: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Quality assurance of dairy products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Dairy plant hygiene and sanitation, microbiology of air, water, equipments, packaging materials, personnel, disposal of dairy waste; quality (ISO 9001:2000), and food safety (HACCP)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • System and their application during milk production and processing; microbiological standards for milk and milk products-PFA, BIS, codex/ ISO standards (ISO 22000:2005)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Introduction to biochemistry: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Introduction to biochemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Understanding of biochemistry as a discipline
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Fundamental properties of elements, their role in formation of biomolecules and in chemical reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Concepts of mole, mole fraction, molarity, etc
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Unique property of water as a universal solvent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Fundamentals of adsorption, viscosity, distribution law, osmotic pressure, etc.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Fundamental laws relating to photochemistry

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Introduction to biochemistry: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Bioorganic chemistry and metabolites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Significance of organic reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Electrochemistry to conductance, voltaic, and electrolytic system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chemical bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Aliphatic and aromatic compounds and IUPAC nomenclature
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Formation of polymers and their importance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Stereochemistry in determining conformations of biomolecules

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Introduction to biochemistry: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Cell biology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Structure of cell and various cellular eve
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Function of various subcellular organelles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Cell theory and techniques for fractionation of subcellular organelles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Composition of cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Cell cycle, cell division and cell death mechanisms

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Introduction to biochemistry: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Biochemical technique
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chromatographic techniques and their application, centrifugation and chromatography in biological investigations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Principles of electrophoresis, spectrophotometry and ELISA and their applications

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Introduction to biochemistry: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Biomolecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Biomolecules present in living cell
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Key contributions of scientists such as Hans Kreb, G. N. Ramachandran, Melvin Calvin, Louis Pasteur, Har Gobind Khorana, Watson etc
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Properties of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, cholesterol, DNA, RNA, glycoproteins and glycolipids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Process of fermentation and manufacture of biodiesel
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Amino acid and nucleotide sequences of proteins and DNA respectively

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Introduction to biochemistry: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Nutrition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Glycemic index, balanced diet, micronutrient deficiencies and the remedies, nutraceuticals and their importance, junk foods and their hazards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Need for specialized food for people with special needs, diabetes, pregnancy, inherited genetic disorders
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Use of alternate crops, cereals and pulses and their importance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Cattle industry and its contribution to greenhouse gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Merits and demerits of vegetarian and non-vegetarian foods

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Introduction to biochemistry: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Metabolism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Importance of lipids as storage molecules and as structural component of biomembranes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Importance of high energy compounds, electron transport chain, synthesis of ATP under aerobic and anaerobic conditions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Role of TCA cycle in central carbon metabolism, importance of anaplerotic reactions and redox balance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Properties of metabolic enzymes of the host and pathogen
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Metabolic engineering for the production of useful biomolecules

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Introduction to biochemistry: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Bioenergetics and membrane biology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Basic concepts of bioenergetics, mechanisms of oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Composition and structure of biomembranes, transport mechanisms across biological membranes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Concept and mechanism of ATP synthesis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Introduction to biochemistry: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Human physiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Mechanism of signal transduction by steroid and polypeptide hormones
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Process of gaseous exchange in tissues and lungs, respiratory adaptation to high altitude
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Difference between hemoglobin and myoglobin
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Muscular dystrophies, the role of steroids in muscle building
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Nitrogen metabolism

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Introduction to biochemistry: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Clinical biochemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Constituents of urine, blood and their significance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Causation of diseases of liver, kidney, mechanism of cancer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Triglycerides and lipoproteins and their relationship with various diseases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Role of enzymes in diagnosis of various diseases

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Introduction to biochemistry: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Microbiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Contributions of Louis Pasteur, Edward Jenner and Robert Koch in microbiology and immunology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Discovery of antibiotics and their targets, drug/antibiotic resistance, preventive and therapeutic approaches of infectious diseases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Contribution of gut microbiome in human health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Basic concepts of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Microorganisms as model systems in genetics and biochemistry

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Introduction to biochemistry: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Immunology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Immune system including cells, organs and receptors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Structure and functions of different classes of immunoglobulins, the genetic basis of antibody diversity and the importance of humoral, cell-mediated and innate immune responses in combating pathogens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Different types of hypersensitivity, and the importance of conventional vs. recombinant vaccines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Importance of antigen-antibody interaction in disease diagnosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Principles of tolerance, autoimmunity and the role of immunity in protection against pathogens

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Introduction to biochemistry: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Enzymology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Enzymes and their importance in biological reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Difference between a chemical catalyst and biocatalyst
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Activation energy and its importance in biological reactions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Introduction to biochemistry: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Molecular biology and genetic engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • DNA as genetic material, DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair and translation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Coding and non-coding regions of eukaryotic genome
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Exposure of E. coli lac operon, PCR, expression vectors and their importance in biotechnology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Merits and demerits of transgenic crops
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and their importance in human health

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Bioinformatics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Mathematics and statistical foundation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Calculus: The concept of limit of a functions, continuity, differentiability, successive differentiation, Leibnitz theorem, asymptotes, definite integrals, reduction formulae, order and degree of ordinary differential equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Calculus: Linear differential equations with constant coefficient and Laplace transformation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Algebra: Mappings, groups, subgroups, matrices, elementary operations of matrices, inverse of matrices, application of matrices to system of linear equations, vector spaces, linear transformation and their matrix representations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Analysis Open set, closed set, limit, continuity, Taylor's theorem, Lagrange's mean theorem, Rolle's Theorem, sequences and series, convergence of serie
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Probability distribution: Basics of binomial, Poisson and normal distributions and their application in biology. Random variable; discrete and continuous probability distribution, probability mass function
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Probability distribution: Mathematical expectation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Geometry Plane, straight line, sphere, cone, cylinder, conicoids

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Bioinformatics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Role of chemistry in bioinformatics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Kinetic theory of gases, atomic structure, periodic properties, chemical bonding, distribution of electrons in organic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Homogeneous equilibria, chemical kinetics, p and d block elements, stereochemistry, configurational isomerism, elements of symmetry, chirality
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Colligative properties, thermodynamics, chemistry of elements of first transition series, coordination compounds, organometallic compounds, alicyclic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Esters containing active methylene group, aromatic compounds, nuclear chemistry, zero group elements, phase rule and electrochemistry

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Bioinformatics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Biochemistry and molecular biology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Carbohydrates and lipids, their importance in cells
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Proteins: Amino acids and peptides; primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures; protein-protein interactions; sequence homology, functional and evolutionary relationships of proteins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Nucleic acids: Bases, nucleotides, RNA and DNA
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Different structural form of DNA, denaturation and renaturation of DNA, protein-nucleic acid interactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Enzymes: Units of activity, coenzymes and metal cofactors, temperature and pH effects, Michaelis Menten kinetics, inhibitors and activators, active site and mechanism of enzyme action, isoenzyme
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Allosteric enzymes, regulation by covalent modification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Organization of metabolic systems: Enzyme chains, multienzyme complexes and multifunctional enzymes, regulatory enzymes and feedback control of metabolic pathways, energy charge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Carbohydrate metabolism: Glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, glycogenolysis and pentose phosphate pathway; hormonal control. TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Carbohydrate metabolism: B-oxidation and biosynthesis of fatty acids. Transamination and deamination of amino acids, ketogenic and glucogenic and glucogenic amino acids, urea cycle. Purine and pyrimidine biosynthesis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Bioinformatics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Microbiology and immunology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Viruses: Morphology, architecture, nomenclature, classification and symmetry, structure of a typical plant (TMV), animal (polio) and bacterial (T4) viruses; bacteriophages (lytic & lysogenic cycles)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Role of microorganisms in biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen and carbon
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Biological nitrogen fixation with special reference to Rhizobium
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Industrial application of microorganisms: Organic acids, alcohol, food processing, milk products with special reference to lactobacillus, antibiotics with reference to streptomyces, biopesticides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Methods in microbiology-staining, sterilization method culture media, pure culture methods, methods for population estimation, growth determination
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Immunology: Immunity, immune system in human-active and passive immunity, antigens, antibodies, classes of immunoglobulins, antigen, antibody reaction, B-cells and T-cells and their role in immunity to infection, autoimmunity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Immunity to infectious agents; AIDS and other immunodeficiencies, vaccines, hybridoma technology and monoclonal antibodies, gene therapy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Bioinformatics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Genetic engineering, gene sequencing and RDT
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • DNA as genetic material, structure and biological importance of DNA; types of RNA and their structure; replication of DNA
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Genetic code, central dogma, transcription, translation, RNA editing, DNA repair
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Introduction: Plasmids and bacteriophages-cosmids, M13, shuttle vectors and lamda of E. coli, applications of genetic engineering in medicine, industry and agriculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Enzymes for RDT: Polymerase, restriction endonucleases, ligases, introduction of r-DNA into living cells-transformation and transfection, identification of recombinants
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Techniques in genetic engineering: PCR, gene sequencing, Maxam Gilbert method & Sanger method, electrophoresis, Southern and northern blotting techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Transgenic plants and animals, gene therapy, intellectual property rights, bioethics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Bioinformatics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Bio-physics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Energetics of a living body, sources of heat limits to temperature (qualitative treatment), heat dissipation to conservation, laws of thermodynamics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Nature of chemical bonds, intra and intermolecular interaction in biological systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Force field used in molecular dynamics simulation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Absorption spectroscopy-Beer-Lambert’s law, colorimetry to spectrophotometry (single and double beam spectrophotometer), primary biophysical events in photosynthesis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Spectroscopic techniques to find out molecular structure (quantitative techniques), general spectroscopy (UV, visible, fluorescence, atomic absorption, IR to Raman spectra)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Instrumental techniques: Concept of chromatography, electrophoresis; spectrophotometry, UV-VIS, IR, NMR',-and spectroscopy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Physical methods of imaging, intact biological structures (X-ray, CT-Scan, ECG, EEG, NMR) and radioactive pollution, GM counter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Structure of proteins-primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • X-ray crystallography physical methods for determining size and shape of macromolecules, diffusion to sedimentation, reverse osmosis, ultracentrifugation, Ramachandran plot analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Bioinformatics: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Fundamentals of information technology and computer programming
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • An overview of resolution in computers and communication
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Applications software (word processing, spreadsheets, database, financial, communicating etc.), processors (microclips, CPU, main memory, representation of data & programs, microcomputer system unit, future processing power)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Input and output, storage, interactivity, multimedia
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • System software, the use of online resources and the internet, communications technology (hardware, channels & networks), software development (programming & languages)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Introduction to programming in C++, C++ control structures (if, if/else, while, do/while, for, switch)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Functions (definition and prototypes, storage classes, scope rules, recursion, inline functions, references and reference parametrics, function overloading, function templates)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Arrays (declaration, passing arrays to functions, sorting and searching arrays, multiple subscripted array
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Pointers (declaration & initialization, pointer operators, calling functions by reference, pointer expression and pointer arithmetic, pointers & arrays, arrays of pointers, function pointers)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Introduction to characters and string processing, classes (structures, class scope, access utility functions, constructors, destructors, use of data members and member functions)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Color models: CMY, HSV, RGB, Visualization techniques. Graphics display devices, raster and random scan devices, color CRT monitors, LCD and LED
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Artificial neural networks, genetic algorithm, Bayesian modeling, Monte Carlo simulation method, Markov models and their application
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Perl basic: Variables, Perl operations, A program to store DNA sequence, concatenating DNA fragment, transcription-DNA to RNA, subroutines, scoping and subroutines, command-line arguments and arrays passing data to subroutines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Perl basic: Modules and libraries of subroutines, fixing bugs

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Bioinformatics: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Basics of bioinformatics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • What is Bioinformatics and its relation with molecular biology examples of related tools, databases and software, data generation; generation of large scale molecular biology data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Through genome sequencing, protein sequencing, gel electrophoresis, NMR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and microarray), applications of bioinformatics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Biological database and its types, introduction to data types and source
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Population and sample, classification and presentation of data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Quality of data, private and public data sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • General introduction of biological databases; nucleic acid databases, protein databases (primary, composite, and secondary), specialized genome databases-structure databases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Data storage and retrieval and interoperability, flat files, relational, object oriented databases and controlled vocabularies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • File format, introduction to metadata and search; indices, Boolean, fuzzy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Neighboring search
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • The challenges of data exchange and integration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Ontologies, interchange languages and standardization efforts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Sequence alignments and visualization, introduction to sequences, alignments and dynamic programming, local alignment and global alignment (algorithm and example)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Pairwise alignment and multiple sequence alignment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Methods for presenting large quantities of biological data: Sequence viewers, 3D structure viewers, anatomical visualization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Gene expression and representation of patterns and relationship, general introduction to gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, transcription factors binding sites, SNP, EST, STS
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Introduction to regular expression, hierarchies, and graphical models (including Markov chain and Bayes notes)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Genetic variability and connections to clinical data

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Botany: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Archegoniate

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Botany: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Economic botany

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Botany: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Genetics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Botany: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Molecular biology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Botany: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Plant semantics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Botany: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Plant physiology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Botany: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Plant metabolism

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Botany: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Plant biotechnology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Computer science and information technology: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Thinking and decision making
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Creative thinking, unfamiliar relationships, verbal reasoning, finding patterns trends and assessment of figures & diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Geometrical designs & identification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Selection of related letters/ words/ numbers /figures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Identification of odd thing / item out from a group
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Completion of numerical series based on the pattern /logic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Fill in the blanks of the series based on the numerical pattern and logic of the series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Syllogisms (logic-based questions), identification of logic & selection of correct answers based on the logic

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Computer science and information technology: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Mathematics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Set theory: Concept of sets-union, intersection, cardinality, elementary counting; permutations and combinations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Probability and statistics: Basic concepts of probability theory, averages, dependent and independent events, frequency distributions, measures of central tendencies and dispersions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Algebra: Fundamental operations in algebra, expansions, factorization, simultaneous linear /quadratic equations, indices, logarithms, arithmetic, geometric and harmonic progressions, determinants and matrices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Coordinate Geometry: Rectangular Cartesian coordinates, distance formulae, equation of a line, and intersection of lines, pair of straight lines, equations of a circle, parabola, ellipse and hyperbola
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Calculus: Limit of functions, continuous function, differentiation of function, tangents and normal, simple examples of maxima and minima. Integration of functions by parts, by substitution and by partial fraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Calculus: Definite integrals, applications of definite integrals to areas

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Computer science and information technology: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Computer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Operating system: Main functions of operating systems, processes, threads, interprocess communication, concurrency, synchronization, deadlock, CPU scheduling, I/O scheduling, resource scheduling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Deadlock and scheduling algorithms, banker’s algorithm for deadlock handling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Memory management and virtual memory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • File systems, I/O systems, DOS, UNIX and windows
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Data structure: Arrays and their applications; sparse matrix, stacks, queues, priority queues, linked lists, trees, forest, binary tree, threaded binary tree, binary search tree, AVL tree, B tree, B+ tree
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Data structure: B* tree, data structure for sets, graphs, sorting and searching algorithms; hashing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Data structure: Functions, recursion, parameter passing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Digital fundamentals: Data types, number systems and conversion, complements, fixed point representation, floating point representation, error detection codes, computer arithmetic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division algorithms, digital computers, logic gates, Boolean algebra, map simplifications, combinational circuits, flip-flops, sequential circuits, integrated circuits, decoders, multiplexers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Registers and counters, memory unit

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Criminology: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Basic understanding of Indian constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Fundamental rights-DPSP

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Criminology: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                High profile or sensational criminal cases in past and present scenario
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Murder, rape, child abuse, human trafficking, corruption, scams, cyber crime, terrorism, etc

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Criminology: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Structure and functions of Indian criminal justice system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Police/ law enforcement, judiciary and prisons/ correctional system

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Criminology: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Basic knowledge about Indian laws
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • IPC, Cr PC and special and local laws, for examples (but not limited to), offence against human body, offence against property, offences against women and children, offences against state, etc. FIR
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Arrest and bail procedures in Cr PC; basic awareness of Juvenile Justice Act, POCSO Act, Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005, Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act, 2013, etc

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Criminology: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Basic understanding of forensic science in criminal investigation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Social issues: Violence against Women and Children, Child Labour, Child Marriage, Dowry, Domestic Violence, Sexual Violence, Acid Attack, Caste and Communal Conflicts; Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Violence, Drug Addiction, Human Rights Violations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Environmental sciences/ studies: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Earth sciences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Structure and composition of environment, atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere, earth processes, mineral and power resources in India, biogeochemical cycles, meteorology, climate change, origin and evolution of earth, mineral, power resources in India

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Environmental sciences/ studies: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Physical and chemical sciences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Fundamentals, atmospheric chemistry, water chemistry, geochemistry, green chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Water-physical characteristics, buffering capacity, essential and trace elements in living systems, biomolecules-chemical components of cells, biogeochemical cycles-carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Hydrological cycle and global water balance, toxicity of heavy metals

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Environmental sciences/ studies: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Origin of life
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Theories of evolution, genetic drift, speciation, cell organelles, cell division, modes of reproduction, principles of inheritance, epistasis, mutations, chromosomal aberrations, extra- chromosomal inheritance

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Environmental sciences/ studies: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Genetic material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • DNA structure and replication, transcription and translation, chromosome structure, protein structure, mutability and repair of DNA, reverse genetics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Photosynthesis, plant growth hormones, dormancy and seed germination, respiration

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Environmental sciences/ studies: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Plant and animal systematics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Bryophytes, tracheophytes, gymnosperms, angiosperms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Membrane structure and Ion transport, ATPase - structure and function, photosynthesis, photoperiodism, vernalization, RUBISCO
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Animal systematics, physiology and diseases: Cnidaria, echinodermata, chordata, protostomia; anatomy and physiology of humans; major classes of bacterial and viral pathogens, apoptosis and cancer, inherited diseases, animal cell culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Ecology and environment: Biosphere, organizational levels of biosphere, ecosystem-structure and types, food chain and energy flow, population and community ecology, biodiversity and its conservation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Microbiology and biotechnology: Principles of microbiology, microbiology of air, water, soil, sewage, recombinant DNA technology, principles of gene cloning, transposition, applications of biotechnology in medicine, industry, agriculture and environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Natural resources and management: Natural resources-forest, water, minerals, marine, energy (renewable and nonrenewable), sources, threats, conservation and management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Global environmental issues: Ozone depletion and global warming, acid rain and smog, sustainable development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Environmental pollution: Air, water, soil, noise pollution, sources, causes, effects, consequence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Waste management: Solid waste, disposal, management; waste to energy conversion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Instrumentation: Principles and applications of microscopy, spectrophotometry, centrifugation, radioisotope techniques, electrophoresis and chromatographic separation techniques, blotting and hybridization techniques

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Food science and technology: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Introduction to food science and technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Definition, scope and current trends in food science and technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Food groups, nutrients and balanced diet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Definition and meaning of food, nutrition, nutrient, health, concept and characteristics of a balanced diet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Introduction to basic food groups and nutrients, food pyramid, macro and micronutrients
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Effect of processing on nutrients
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Browning reactions in foods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Classification (enzymatic, non- enzymatic and metallic browning), causes and prevention of browning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Cereals and pulses: Composition and nutritive value, types of cereals, processing of cereals and pulses (gelatinization of starch and the factors affecting it, germination and fermentation), toxic constituents in pulses, milling of pulses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Fruits and vegetables: Classification of fruits and vegetables, composition and nutritive value; effect of processing on pigments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chocolate and cocoa products: Cocoa bean processing, preparation of chocolate liquor, cocoa butter and chocolate

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Food science and technology: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Milk and milk products: Composition and nutritive value. Introduction to liquid milk technology (clarification, pasteurization, homogenization, fortification, sterilization), types of milk, effect of processing on milk, Introduction to milk products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Eggs: Composition and nutritive value. Structure of an egg. Egg quality and deterioration. Green ring formation in boiled egg, preservation of eggs. Egg foams-stages of preparation and factors affecting them
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Eggs: Effect of heat on egg proteins; functions of eggs in cookery
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Meat, fish and poultry composition and nutritive value: Selection/ purchasing criteria for meat, fish and poultry. Tenderization of meat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Sugar composition and nutritive value: Properties of sugars. Manufacturing/ refining of sucrose. Sugar cookery-crystalline and non- crystalline candies, sugar-based products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Fats and oils Composition and nutritive value. Types of fats/oils and their functions. Rancidity in fat and its prevention. Changes in fat during heating. Care of fat used for frying, emulsions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Introduction to food hygiene and food adulteration food hygiene, factors affecting food safety, personal hygiene. Adulteration, adulterants and their effects on health

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Food science and technology: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Basic baking technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Baking industry and its scope in the Indian economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • History of bakery-present trends, prospects, nutrition facts of bakery products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Wheat grain technology wheat grain-its structure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Milling of wheat; types of refined wheat flour; composition of refined wheat flour (gluten, amylose/ amylopectin, enzyme activity, moisture) and its storage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Cake technology: Preparation of cakes-types of cakes; ingredients used; methods of batter preparation; steps in cake making; balancing of cake formula; evaluation of the baked cake
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Cake technology: Operational faults in cake processing and the remedial measures. Labeling and Packaging. Costing Cake decoration- different methods of cake decoration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Pastry technology: Preparation of pastry, types of pastries (short crust, puff/flaky and choux pastry); ingredients; processing and evaluation. Faults and remedies

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Food science and technology: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Introduction to food safety and preservation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Purpose and scope of preservation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Objectives of preservation and processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Scope of preservation industry in India
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Post-harvest changes and spoilage
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Physical, chemical and microbiological changes in fruits and vegetables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Factors affecting growth of microorganisms and the control measures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Food safety: Key terms, factors affecting food safety, recent concerns. Food laws, standards and regulations. Food additives and contaminants. Hygiene and sanitation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Principles and methods of preservation: Asepsis. Use of low temperature, use of high temperature. Removal of moisture. Removal of air, use of chemical preservatives. Fermentation. Irradiation. Gas preservation. Newer method
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Fruit and vegetable processing: Sauces and Beverages. Chutney and sauces- definition, method of preservation, steps in preparation of chutney and sauces. Fruit beverages-definition and classification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Fruit and vegetable processing: Method of preservation (with special emphasis on pasteurization, use of chemical preservatives, sugar), role of various ingredients

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Food science and technology: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Advanced baking technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Bread technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Preparation of bread-ingredients used; methods of dough preparation; steps in bread processing; evaluation of the baked bread; staling of bread; diseases of bread
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Biscuit and cookies: Technology preparation of biscuits and cookies-types; ingredients; processing and evaluation. Crackers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Food packaging: Packaging-it’s importance, essential features of an ideal package; various food packaging materials and their characteristics recent trends in the field of packaging (active packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Food packaging: Intelligent packaging, RFID) label regulations and designing for packaged foods, nutritional labelling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Marketing and cost control: Marketing-definition, scope, understanding the 4Ps-(product, price, place, promotion), marketing techniques, marketing and distribution of processed products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Cost control-food cost, labor cost and other costs; costing of processed products

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Food science and technology: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Advanced fruit and vegetable preservation technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Dehydration and concentration: Definition and objectives, method of preservation, normal drying curve, water activity, factors affecting rate of drying, sun drying
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Dehydration and concentration: Types of dehydrators (air convection, drum, freeze and vacuum dryers) steps in dehydration of fruits and vegetable. Concentration- definition and objectives, techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Refrigeration and freezing: Definition and objectives, difference between freezing and refrigeration, systems of refrigeration, method of preservation, steps in freezing fruits and vegetables, cryogenic freezing of fruits and vegetables, evaluation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Canning: Definition and objectives, selection of fruits and vegetables, method of preservation, steps of canning fruits and vegetables (with special emphasis on blanching, exhausting and heat processing), spoilage of canned foods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Introduction to new food product development: Need and importance for developing a new product, types of new products, challenges, failure of new product. Fruit and vegetable processing-pectin products preserves and pickles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Introduction to new food product development: Jam, Jelly and Marmalade-definition, role of pectin and theory of gel formation, method of preservation, steps of preparation, evaluation. Preserves- definition, method of preservation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Introduction to new food product development: Steps of preparation, evaluation, candied, crystallized and glazed fruits. Pickles-definition, classification, method of preservation, steps of preparation of vinegar pickles, evaluation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Food science and technology: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Food safety, hygiene and quality testing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Food laws and regulations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Introduction to food acts laws and standards
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • National Food Safety and Standard Act
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • International standards, regulatory agencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Consumer Protection Act
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Food quality management: Characteristics of quality. Quality control, Quality assurance. Total quality management. Quality management system. Good manufacturing practices. Hazard analysis critical control point system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Introduction to food safety and Hygiene: Food hygiene. Factors affecting food safety. Food spoilage. Food handling. Special requirements for high risk foods, Safe food cooking temperature and storage techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Hygiene and sanitation in food service institutions: Cleaning and disinfection. Personal hygiene. Pest control. Waste disposal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Sensory methods of food quality testing: Sensation of taste, smell, appearance and flavor, sensory evaluation techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Objective methods of food quality testing: Physical test methods (moisture, acidity, water activity, texture, viscosity, color), simple methods of chemical analysis (protein, fat, water, ash). Microbiological sampling and testing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Forensic science: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Introduction to forensic science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Definition, history, development and scope of forensic science in India
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Basic principles of forensic science and its significance, organization and functioning of state and central forensic science laboratories, ethics in forensic science

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Forensic science: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Physical evidences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Definition, types, class and individual characteristics, different searching methods for locating physical evidences at scene of crime, chain of custody

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Forensic science: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Fundamental of police
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Historical development of police system in India
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Police in Indian constitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Objective of police, general organization of police at state & range level
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Police organization under central government: General information, structure and function of (a) [1] BSF (2] Assam Rifles [3] CRPF [4] CISF [5] ITBP [6] NSG [1] BPR & D [2) CBI [3] lB [4] RAW [5] NCRB [6) NICFS [7] NPA [8] UT Police Force

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Forensic science: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Police science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Definition & scope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Who is an investigator, investigator & his qualities, general guidelines for investigator, interview of witness and interrogation of suspect

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Forensic science: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Scene of crime
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Meaning, types, protection of scene of crime, crime scene documentation-note taking, videography, photography and, sketching methods, importance of photography, general guidelines, admissibility in court, various forms such as videography

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Forensic science: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Crime scene management and reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Elements of crime scene management: Information management, technology management, man-power management & logistic management, introduction to crime scene reconstruction, nature of reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Basic principles for physical evidence and reconstruction (recognition, identification, individualization and reconstruction), stages in reconstruction, types of reconstruction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Pattern evidence in reconstruction (bloodstain pattern analysis for reconstruction, glass fracture patterns, fire burn patterns, tire and skid mark patterns), writing a reconstruction report. IPC (1860), Cr. P.C (1973) and IEA (1872)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Forensic science: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Finger prints, documents and other impression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Fingerprints: History, types of fingerprints, type of fingerprint patterns, different classifications, systems location and preservation of fingerprints, development of latent prints by physical and chemical methods, matching of fingerprints
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Documents: Definition of questioned documents, types of documents, types of writing instruments their characteristics and examination, paper and its examination, basic tools needed for forensic document examination
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Documents: Ultraviolet, visible, infrared, and fluorescence spectroscopy, photomicrography, microphotography, visible spectral comparator, electrostatic detection apparatus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Hand writing: Handwriting and its characteristics, factors affecting handwriting, samples for comparison, comparison of hand writings, disguised and indented writings and their detection, typed and computer generated documents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Hand writing: Their comparison, alteration in documents and their detection, foot & shoe prints, methods of their preservation and examination, tyre marks and track marks and their examination

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Forensic science: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Forensic biology and serology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Brief description and function of human digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system, nervous system, reproductive system. Structure, composition and examination of biological fluids like
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Blood and bloodstains, seminal stains, saliva, urine, pus, feces et
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Hair and fiber: Hair anatomy, collection, examination of hairs from animal and human origin. Types of fiber and their properties, examination etc.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Forensic botany: Introduction, nature & scope, woods & their identification and matching, diatoms and their forensic significance in drowning cases, study and identification of pollen grains
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • DNA: Structure of DNA, polymorphism in DNA, general idea about RFLP and PCR methods of biological fluid analysis, merits and demerits of RFLP and PCR, advanced methods for forensic DNA examination etc

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Forensic science: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Chemical separation and instrumental technique
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • General understanding of: Distillations, sublimation, crystallization, solvent extraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chromatographic techniques: Definition, different classification like-according to mode, principle, stationary Phase, etc., brief idea about column chromatography, paper chromatography
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Chromatographic techniques: Thin layer chromatography, gas liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography, hyphenated chromatographic techniques as LC-MS, GGMS etc
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Electromagnetic spectrum & spectroscopic methods, principle, apparatus, procedure & importance-emission spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, UV spectroscopy, electron spectroscopy, raman spectroscopy, IR & FTIR spectroscopy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • General idea about: Neutron activation analysis, mass spectrometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Electrophoresis-principle, types, equipment and processing, immunoelectrophoresis, analysis of proteins by electrophoresis and their detection

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Forensic science: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Forensic medicine
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Meaning and scope, identification of a person: Through all factors in fixing identity, post mortem examination (autopsy) (types of autopsy, objectives, and procedures)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Meaning and scope, identification of a person: Modes of death, and their characteristics, signs of death and post-mortem changes. Wounds and their characteristics, injuries due to heat, lighting, electricity and radiation, firearm injuries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Meaning and scope, identification of a person: Differentiation between ante-mortem and post-mortem wounds

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Forensic science: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Forensic toxicology and drug analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Poison and types of poisoning, action of poison, factors modifying the action of poison, extraction, isolation and clean-up procedures- for non-volatile organic poison, volatile poisons,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Toxic cations or metallic poisons, toxic anions from viscera, drugs, botanical evidence, biological evidence etc
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • General idea and examination of opium, semi-synthetic opiates, cannabis products such as bhang, ganja and charas, lsd and amphetamine, important benzodiazepines, phenothiazines, barbiturates etc. animal poisons like snake, cantharides, bees, wasp etc

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Forensic science: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                General chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Photochemistry: Interaction of radiation with matter, difference between thermal and photochemical processes, laws of photochemistry, Grothus-Drapers law, Stark-Einstein law. Jablonski diagram
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Photochemistry: Description of fluorescence, phosphorescence, non-radiative processes, quantum yield, photosensitized reactions, energy transfer processes etc
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Organic chemistry-structure and bonding: Hybridization, bond length and bond angles, bond energy, localized and delocalized chemical bond. Structure and characteristics of alkane, alkene, and cycloalkane
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Inorganic chemistry-trends in periodic table and applications in predicting and explaining the physical and chemical behaviors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Definitions of acid and base, classification of acids and bases, essential and trace elements in biological process
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Metalloporphyrins with special reference to haemoglobin, types of magnetic behaviors, method of determining magnetic susceptibility, spin only formula, L-S coupling

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Forensic science: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Basic physics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Physical properties: Temperature, weight and mass, density, refractive index, diffraction, polarization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Laws of motion-motion in a uniform field, centripetal acceleration, motion under a central force
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Basic optics: Light as an electromagnetic wave, interference of light, principle of superposition, two-slit interference, Michelson interferometer and its application
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Microscopy: Numerical aperture and resolving power of microscopic systems, how the microscope forms images; simple, compound, stereoscopic, polarizing, comparison, fluorescence and electron microscopes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Geology, earth science: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Physical Geology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Introduction to geology and its scope, earth and solar system: Origin, size, shape, mass, density and its atmosphere
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • A brief account of various theories regarding the origin and age of the earth
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Brief idea of interior of earth and its composition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Weathering and erosion: Factors, types and their effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Earthquakes: Nature of seismic waves, their intensity and magnitude scale; origin of earthquake
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Volcanoes: Types, products and causes of volcanism

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Geology, earth science: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Geomorphology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Basic principles of geomorphology, geomorphological cycles, weathering and erosion; geomorphic mapping-tools and techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Epigene/ exogenic processes: Degradation and aggradation. Hypogene/endogenic processes; diastrophism and volcanism, extraterrestrial processes; geological work of wind, glacier, river, underground water and ocean

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Geology, earth science: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Geodynamics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Earth as a dynamic system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Elementary idea of continental drift, sea-floor spreading and mid-oceanic ridges
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Paleomagnetism and its application
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Plate tectonics: The concept, plate margins, orogeny, deep sea trenches, island arcs and volcanic arcs

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Geology, earth science: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Environmental geology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Earth and its spheres: Atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere and man; earth material
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Energy budget: Solar radiation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Global environments: Coastal, riverine, desertic, tropical, cold, polar
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Concept of global warming and climate change
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Geological hazards: Earthquakes, volcanism, landslides, avalanches, floods, droughts; hazard mitigation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Resource management: Energy resources (conventional and non-conventional), watershed management, land use planning, management of water resources, land reclamation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Geology, earth science: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Structural geology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Introduction to structural geology; contours, topographic and geological maps; elementary idea of bed, dip and strike; outcrop, effects of various structures on outcrop

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Geology, earth science: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Hydrology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Definition of hydrogeology, hydrological cycle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Hydrological parameters-precipitation, evaporation, transpiration and infiltration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Origin of groundwater; vertical distribution of groundwater
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Types of aquifers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Water bearing properties of rocks porosity and permeability; specific yield, specific retention
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Surface and subsurface geophysical and geological methods of ground water exploration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Groundwater provinces of India

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Geology, earth science: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Physical geography
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Definition and scope, components of earth system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Atmosphere-heat balance, global circulation pattern, tropical cyclones, monsoon, climatic classification (Koppen)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Lithosphere-internal structure of earth based on seismic evidence, plate tectonics and its associated features
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Fluvial cycle of erosion Davis and Penck
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Hydrosphere-hydrological cycle, ocean bottom relief features, tides and currents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Remote sensing systems; remote sensing sensors; signatures of rocks, minerals and soils
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Application of remote sensing in geoscience and geomorphological studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Types of Indian and foreign remote sensing satellites, digital image processing; fundamental steps in image processing; elements of pattern recognition and image classification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Introduction to geographic information system (GIS); components of GIS; product generation in GIS; tools for map analysis; integration of GIS with remote sensing

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Geology, earth science: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Crystallography
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Crystals and their characters, form, face, edge, solid angle; interfacial angle and their measurements; crystallographic axes and angles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Crystal parameters, Weiss and Miller system of notations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Symmetry elements and description of normal class of isometric, tetragonal, hexagonal, trigonal, orthorhombic, monoclinic and triclinic systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Mineralogy: Introduction to Mineralogy, Definition and characters of mineral. Physical properties of minerals. Chemical composition and diagnostic physical properties of minerals such as: Quartz, orthoclase, microcline, hypersthene, hornblende
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Mineralogy: Garnet, muscovite, biotite, chlorite, olivine, epidote, calcite. Polarizing microscope, its parts and functioning; ordinary and polarized lights; common optical properties observed under ordinary, polarized lights and crossed nicols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Mineralogy: Optical properties of some common rock forming minerals (Quartz, orthoclase, microcline, olivine, augite, hornblende, muscovite, biotite, garnet, calcite)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Geochemistry: Introduction to geochemistry: basic knowledge about crystal chemistry. Types of chemical bonds, coordination number; Colloids in geological systems, ion exchanges and geological evidence for earlier colloids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Geochemistry: Elementary idea of periodic table-cosmic abundance of elements; composition of the planets and meteorites; geochemical evolution of the earth and geochemical cycles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Geochemistry: Goldschmidt's geochemical classification of elements; distribution of major, minor and trace elements in igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. Elements of geochemical thermodynamics; Isomorphism and polymorphism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Petrology: Igneous petrology-Magma, definition, composition, types and origin; form of igneous rocks; textures of igneous rocks. Reaction principle; differentiation and assimilation; crystallization of unit-component and bi-component (mix-crystals) system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Petrology: Bowen’s reaction series. Mineralogical and chemical classification of igneous rocks. Detailed petrographic description of granite, granodiorite, rhyolite, syenite, phonolite, diorite, gabbro. Processes of formation of sedimentary rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Petrology: Classification, textures and structures of sedimentary rocks. Petrographic details of important siliciclastic and carbonate rocks such as-conglomerate, breccia, sandstone, greywacke, shale, lime stones. Process and products of metamorphism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Petrology: Type of metamorphism. Factors, zones and grades of metamorphism. Textures and structures of metamorphic rocks. Classification of metamorphic rocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Petrology: Petrographic details of some important metamorphic rocks such as-slate, schists, gneiss, quartzite, marble
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Economic geology: Concept of ore and ore deposits, ore minerals and gangue minerals; tenor of ores; metallic and nonmetallic ore minerals; strategic, critical and essential minerals. Processes of formation of ore deposits; magmatic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Economic geology: Contact metasomatic, hydrothermal, sedimentation. Study of important metallic (Cu, Pb, Zn Mn, Fe, Au, Al) and non-metallic (industrial) minerals (gypsum, magnesite, mica). Distribution of coal and petroleum in India
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Mineral exploration: Elementary idea of geological, geochemical and geophysical prospecting. Elementary idea of mining and environmental considerations for mining
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Stratigraphy: Definition, principle of stratigraphy; geological time scale and stratigraphic classification; physiographic division of India. Study of following precambrian succession-Dharwar, Cuddapah, Vindhyan and Delhi Supergroups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Stratigraphy: Brief idea of palaeozoic succession of northwestern himalaya; triassic of spiti; mesozoic type secession of Kutch and Rajasthan; cretaceous of Tiruchirapalli. Study of following type localities-Gondwana and Deccan Trap
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Stratigraphy: Paleogene-Neogene sequences of northwest Himalaya and Assam
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Paleontology: Definition, fossils-definition, characters, binomial nomenclature in taxonomy, mode of preservation, condition of fossilization and significance of fossils. Morphology and geological distribution of brachiopods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Paleontology: Pelecypods, cephalopods. Morphology and geological distribution of trilobite, echinoidea. Evolutionary history of horse. Morphology, distribution and significance of Gondwana flora

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Geophysics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Physics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Mechanics and wave motion: Galilean invariance, inertial, non inertial and accelerated frame. Principle of equivalence, various forces and energy considerations in motions of planets and satellites, conservation of linear momentum
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Mechanics and wave motion: Variable mass, moment of inertia, kinetic energy, radius of gyration, conservation of angular momentum, beats, lissajous figures LCR circuits, resonance, fourier series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Electromagnetic theory and electronics: Maxwell’s equations, displacement current, travelling waves, EM fields in coaxial cable, poynting vector, propagation of e.m. waves. semiconductors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Electromagnetic theory and electronics: P-n junction, transistor, rectifiers, filters, common emitter voltage amplifier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Optics: Newton’s rings, Michelson’s interferometer, coherence, Lasser, Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffraction, and diffraction patterns, Polarisation, Brewster’s law, optic axis, Nicol Prism, Huygen’s theory of double diffraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Thermodynamics and statistical mechanics: Entropy, Reversible and irreversible process, S.T. diagram, enthalpy, Helmholtz and Gibb’s functions, Maxwell’s and T-ds equations, energy and heat capacity equations, clausius clapeyron equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Thermodynamics and statistical mechanic: Specific heat, thermodynamics, black body radiations, laws of radiation, temperature of the sun, Planck’s radiation formula, photoelectric effect, compton effect, Raman effect, duality, Michelson-Morley experiment

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Geophysics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Mathematics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Algebra: Partial fractions, inequalities, theory of equations, algebra of matrices, properties of determinants and its application to solve linear simultaneous equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Trigonometry: De Moivre’s theorem, logarithms of complex quantics and expansion of functions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Calculus: Successive differentiation, asymptotes, curve tracing, curvature, maxima and minima, partial differentiations in determinate forms, mean value theorems, integration and reduction formulae and evaluation of area. Volume, surface and lengths
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Geometry: Hyperbola in rectangular coordinates, polar equation of a conic, general equation of second degree, confocal and system of conics, straight lines, plane, sphere, cone, cylinder and central conicoids in three dimensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Vectors: Divergence, grade and curl of vectors, Gauss, Stokes and Green’s theorems with their applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Differential equations: Linear differential equations with constant coefficients, orthogonal trajectory, simple nonlinear differential equations, Integral equations and solution of linear differential equations using Laplace transform
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Mechanics: Forces in two dimensions, virtual work, catenary, center of gravity, friction, SHM, projectiles, constrained motion, moments and product of inertia, equation of motion of a rigid body
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Mechanics: D'Alembert’s principle, compound pendulum, conservation of energy and momentum, centre of pressure and laws of floatation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Horticulture, forestry, seed science, rural technology, agronomy, plant breeding, genetics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Basic biology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Spontaneous generation theory, prokaryotes vs eukaryotes, functional anatomy, structure and organization of bacteria, fungi and algae-economic importance, methods of sterilization, rhizosphere microorganisms and importance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Plant-microbe interactions in soil, microbial transformation of nutrients in soil
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and amino acids-occurrence and classification, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, glycolysis, TCA cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, ETC and oxidative phosphorylation, secondary metabolites
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Occurrence, classification, functions and applications

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Horticulture, forestry, seed science, rural technology, agronomy, plant breeding, genetics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Ecology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Physical environment; biotic environment; biotic and abiotic interactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Concept of habitat and niche; niche width and overlap; fundamental and realized niche; resource partitioning; character displacement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Characteristics of a population; population growth curves; population regulation; life history strategies; concept of metapopulation-demes and dispersal, intergenic extinctions, age structured populations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Types of interactions, interspecific competition, herbivory, carnivory, pollination, symbiosis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Nature of communities; community structure and attributes; levels of species diversity and its measurement; edges and ecotones
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Types; mechanisms; changes involved in succession; concept of climax
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Structure and function; energy flow and mineral cycling; primary production and decomposition; structure and function of some Indian ecosystems-terrestrial and aquatic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Major terrestrial biomes; theory of island biogeography; biogeographical zones of India

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Horticulture, forestry, seed science, rural technology, agronomy, plant breeding, genetics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Plant biology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Photosynthesis: Light harvesting complexes; mechanisms of electron transport; photo protective mechanisms; CO2 fixation-C3, C4 and CAM pathway
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Citric acid cycle; plant mitochondrial electron transport and ATP synthesis; alternate oxidase; photorespiratory pathway
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Nitrate and ammonium assimilation; amino acid biosynthesis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Plant hormones: Biosynthesis, storage, breakdown and transport; physiological effects and mechanisms of action
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Structure, function and mechanisms of action of phytochromes, cryptochromes and phototropins; stomatal movement; photoperiodism and biological clocks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Solute transport and photoassimilate translocation: Uptake, transport and translocation of water, ions, solutes and macromolecules from soil, through cells, across membranes, through xylem and phloem; transpiration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Mechanisms of loading and unloading of photoassimilates
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Secondary metabolites-biosynthesis of terpenes, phenols and nitrogenous compounds and their roles
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Responses of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses; mechanisms of resistance to biotic stress and tolerance to abiotic stress
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Plant tissue culture and applications, molecular marker technology, transgenic technology-GMOs, transgenic plants for biotic and abiotic stress resistance and quality improvement, molecular pharming-production of vaccines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Therapeutic proteins, industrial enzymes and bioplastics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Horticulture, forestry, seed science, rural technology, agronomy, plant breeding, genetics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Microscopic techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Visualization of cells and subcellular components by light microscopy, resolving powers of different microscopes, microscopy of living cells, scanning and transmission microscope
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Different fixation and staining techniques for EM, freeze-etch and freeze-fracture methods for EM, image processing methods in microscopy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Horticulture, forestry, seed science, rural technology, agronomy, plant breeding, genetics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Methods in field biology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Methods of estimating population density of animals and plants, ranging patterns through direct, indirect and remote observations, sampling methods in the study of behavior, habitat characterization-ground and remote sensing methods

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Horticulture, forestry, seed science, rural technology, agronomy, plant breeding, genetics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Horticulture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Scope and importance; global scenario of horticultural crops, classification of horticultural crops-nutritive value of horticultural crops, horticulture zones of India
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Systematic botany-terminology, morphology description and classification of root, stem, leaf, inflorescence

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Horticulture, forestry, seed science, rural technology, agronomy, plant breeding, genetics: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Flower and fruits
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • flowering mechanism, modes of pollination, asexual/ vegetative reproduction, floral biology, fertilization and fruit set, principles involved in nomenclature

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Horticulture, forestry, seed science, rural technology, agronomy, plant breeding, genetics: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Landscaping and gardening
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Importance and scope of gardening, gardens in India, concepts of landscape gardening, styles and types of gardens, Hindu, Mughal, English, Italian, Persian and Japanese gardens, ornamental landscaping in environmental protection

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Horticulture, forestry, seed science, rural technology, agronomy, plant breeding, genetics: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Food technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Food processing industries/ institutions/ food scientists of importance in India, causes of food spoilage, methods of food preservation, post-harvest and storage of fresh fruits and vegetables, preparations of fruits and vegetables for processing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Technology of foods of animal origin

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Life sciences: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Technique
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Principles and applications of chromatography, spectroscopy, microscopy, electrophoresis, centrifugation, blotting, PCR & radioisotope techniques

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Life sciences: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Chromatin structure and function
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Organization of chromosomes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, chromatin types, centromere, Telomere and concept of gene

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Life sciences: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Biochemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Structure and functions of proteins, DNA, carbohydrates, lipids & vitamins. Bioenergetics, Glycolysis, TCA cycle, electron transport system and ATP synthesis, oxidation and synthesis of fatty acid, membrane structure and function

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Life sciences: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Biotechnology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Recombinant DNA technology, principles of gene cloning, applications of biotechnology in medicine, industry and agriculture, animal & plant cell culture, environmental biotechnology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Life sciences: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Microbiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Diversity of microbes, bacterial reproduction, antimicrobial agents, significance of microbes in the industry and agriculture, antigen, antibody, complement systems, immunity, vaccines, plant virus, animal virus and environmental microbiology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Life sciences: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Molecular genetic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Principles of inheritance, linkage & crossing over, chromosomal aberrations, extrachromosomal inheritance, replication, transcription, translation, DNA repair and population genetics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Life sciences: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Plant sciences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, angiosperms, vascular system in plants, economic importance of plants, photosynthesis, photoperiodism, vernalization, and biogeochemical cycle

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Life sciences: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Animal sciences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Characteristics of invertebrates and vertebrates, anatomy and physiology of different system of humans, nerve impulse transmission, endocrinology, human diseases, apoptosis and cancer, inherited diseases, animal cell culture

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Material science: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Crystal structure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Different types of bonding: Ionic, covalent, metallic and Van Der Wall’s
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Lattice energy, Madelung constants, Born Haber cycle, cohesive energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Quantum states, binding energy, interatomic spacing, variation in bonding characteristics, single crystals, polycrystalline, non-crystalline solids, imperfection in solids, vacancies, interstitials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Equilibrium thermodynamics, phase equilibria, phase transformations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Crystalline and amorphous solids, primitive and unit cells, Bravais lattices, crystal structure, lattice and basis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Packing factors, cubic, hexagonal, diamond structures, Lattice translation operation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Elementary idea of point symmetry operations (inversion center, rotation and reflection symmetry)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Primitive translation vectors, lattice planes-Miller indices for designating crystal planes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Interplanar distances-directions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Reciprocal lattice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Volume of a primitive cell in the reciprocal space
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Geometrical interpretation of the Bragg equation in the reciprocal space
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Structural characterization basic principles of X-ray diffraction spectroscopy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Law of thermodynamics and related applications, concepts of free energy and entropy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Mechanical properties-stress, strain, elastic properties optical properties, refraction, reflection, absorption, transmission, insulators, luminescence, magnetic properties, paramagnetism, ferromagnetism, domain theory, magnetic hysteresis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Antiferromagnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Free electron gas in one and three dimensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Thermionic emission, work function, electrical conductivity of the free electron gas: Drude Lorentz Model, Sommerfeld quantum theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • The heat-capacity of the conduction electrons (electron specific heat) Widemann, Franz law and its validity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Metallic conduction, energy bands, Brillouin zones, temperature dependence of metallic conductivity, carrier concentrations in intrinsic, extrinsic semiconductors, impurity contributions, doping effects, law of mass action
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Fermi level, variation of conductivity, mobility with temperature
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Electrons in periodic potential, origin of energy bands in solids, classification of solids as metals, insulators and semiconductors on the basis of the band picture, origin of the energy gap (qualitative discussions)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Bloch’s theorem in one dimension, nearly free electron approximation, formation of energy bands and gaps, Brillouin zones and boundaries, the Kronig-Penney model
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • E-K diagram, reduced zone representation, Brillouin zone, concept of effective mass and holes, fermi-dirac distribution function, density of states for electrons in band
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Temperature dependence of Fermi energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Nanoscale science and technology- implications for physics, chemistry, biology and engineering, classification of nanostructures, nanoscale architecture, effects of the nanometer length scale, surface to volume ratio
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Effect of nanoscale dimensions on various properties, structural, thermal, chemical, mechanical, magnetic, optical and electronic properties, effect of nanoscale dimensions on biological systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Structure of nanomaterials-comparison with conventional materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Top down and bottom-up synthesis approach, physical and chemical techniques for nanomaterial synthesis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Mathematics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Algebra
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Groups, subgroups, Abelian groups, non-abelian groups, cyclic groups, permutation groups; normal subgroups, Lagrange's theorem for finite groups, group homomorphism and quotient groups, rings, subrings, ideal, prime ideal
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Maximal ideals; fields, quotient field
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Vector spaces, linear dependence and independence of vectors, basis, dimension, linear transformations, matrix representation with respect to an ordered basis, range space and null space, rank-nullity theorem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Rank and inverse of a matrix, determinant, solutions of systems of linear equations, consistency conditions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Eigenvalues and eigenvectors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Cayley-Hamilton theorem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Symmetric, Skew symmetric, Hermitian, Skew-Hermitian, orthogonal and unitary matrices

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Mathematics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Real analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Sequences and series of real numbers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Convergent and divergent sequences, bounded and monotone sequences, convergence criteria for sequences of real numbers, Cauchy sequences, absolute and conditional convergence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Tests of convergence for series of positive terms-comparison test, ratio test, root test, Leibniz test for convergence of alternating serie
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Functions of one variable: Limit, continuity, differentiation, Rolle's Theorem, Cauchy’s Taylor's theorem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Interior points, limit points, open sets, closed sets, bounded sets, connected sets, compact sets; completeness of R, power series (of real variable) including Taylor's and Maclaurin's, domain of convergence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Term-wise differentiation and integration of power series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Functions of two real variable: Limit, continuity, partial derivatives, differentiability, maxima and minima. Method of lagrange multipliers, homogeneous functions including Euler's theorem

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Mathematics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Complex analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Functions of a complex variable, differentiability and analyticity, Cauchy Riemann equations, power series as an analytic function, properties of line integrals, Goursat theorem, Cauchy theorem, consequence of simply connectivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Index of a closed curves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Cauchy’s integral formula, Morera’s theorem, Liouville’s theorem, fundamental theorem of algebra harmonic functions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Mathematics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Integral calculus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Integration as the inverse process of differentiation, definite integrals and their properties, fundamental theorem of integral calculus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Double and triple integrals, change of order of integration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Calculating surface areas and volumes using double integrals and applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Calculating volumes using triple integrals and applications

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Mathematics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Differential equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Ordinary differential equations of the first order of the form y'=f(x,y)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Bernoulli's equation, exact differential equations, integrating factor, orthogonal trajectories, homogeneous differential equations-separable solutions, linear differential equations of second and higher order with constant coefficients
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Method of variation of parameters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Cauchy-Euler equation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Mathematics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Vector calculus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Scalar and vector fields, gradient, divergence, curl and Laplacian
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Scalar line integrals and vector line integrals, scalar surface integrals and vector surface integrals, Green's, Stokes and Gauss theorems and their applications

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Mathematics: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Linear programing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Convex sets, extreme points, convex hull, hyper plane & polyhedral sets, convex function and concave functions, concept of basis, basic feasible solutions, formulation of linear programming problem (LPP)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                • Graphical method of LPP, simplex method

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Medical laboratory technology: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Anatomy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Medical laboratory technology: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Physiology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Medical laboratory technology: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Clinical pathology hematology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Medical laboratory technology: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Clinical biochemistry

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Medical laboratory technology: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Medical microbiology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Medical laboratory technology: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Serology, histopathology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Medical laboratory technology: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Biostatics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Medical laboratory technology: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Molecular biology applied genetic

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Medical laboratory technology: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Immunology and immunological techniques

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Medical laboratory technology: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Biotechnology and biomedical techniques

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physiotherapy: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Anatomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Regional anatomy: Thorax, abdomen, pelvis, endocrine system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Musculoskeletal anatomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Neuroanatomy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physiotherapy: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • General physiology: Cell, and its transport mechanisms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Blood
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Nerve muscle physiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cardiovascular system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Respiratory system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Digestive system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Endocrine system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Special Senses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Nervous system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Renal system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reproductive system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Exercise physiology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physiotherapy: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Biochemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Nutrition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Metabolism of carbohydrate, lipids, proteins, vitamins and minerals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Muscle contraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Biochemistry of connective tissue
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Hormone action
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Acid-base, water and electrolyte balance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Clinical biochemistry

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physiotherapy: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Sociology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Definition and scope of sociology in relation to physiotherapy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Socialization and social groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Role of social worker
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Social problems of disable

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physiotherapy: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Introduction to yoga
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Basic theory, science and techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Foundations of yoga
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Yoga and health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Physiological effects of yoga practices

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physiotherapy: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    General & clinical psychology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Introduction to psychology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Growth and development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Sensation, attention and perception
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Motivation, frustration and emotions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Intelligence and learning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Personality
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Social and clinical psychology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physiotherapy: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Biomechanics and kinesiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Basic concepts in biomechanics: Kinematics and kinetic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Joint structure and function
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Muscle structure and function
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Biomechanics of the thorax and chest wall, vertebral column, peripheral joints, temporomandibular joint
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Analysis of posture and gait

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physiotherapy: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Pathology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • General pathology: Cell injuries, inflammation and repair, infectious diseases, immunopathology, neoplasia and nutritional disorders
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Systemic pathology: Hematology, respiratory and cardiovascular pathology, musculoskeletal system, endocrine system, neuropathology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physiotherapy: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Microbiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • General microbiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Immunology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Bacteriology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Virology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physiotherapy: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Pharmacology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Introduction to pharmacology: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Drugs used in disorders of cardiovascular system, autonomic nervous system, musculoskeletal systems, neurological system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Drugs used in inflammatory/ immune diseases, movement disorders, digestion and metabolism

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physiotherapy: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Exercise therapy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Introduction to exercise therapy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Methods of testing: MMT, goniometry, etc
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Relaxation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Different types of movements/ exercises-active, passive, active, assisted, resisted etc
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Stretching
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • PNF
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Manual therapy-joint mobilization, manipulation and soft tissue manipulation techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Aerobic exercises
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Balance and coordination
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Gait and posture including assistive devices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Hydrotherapy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physiotherapy: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Electrotherapy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Bio-physics: Physical principles, physics of devices, currents, sound and light, electrical supply
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Nerve muscle physiology and pain physiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Low, medium and high frequency currents, physiological effects, indications, contraindications and application
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Actinotherapy-IRR, UVR
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cryotherapy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Ultrasound and LASER
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Superficial and deep heating modalities-physiological effects, indications, contraindications and application
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Electro-diagnosis, SD curve, EMG and NCV
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Biofeedback

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physiotherapy: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physiotherapy in general medicine & general surgery
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Infectious disease
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Diseases of the cardiorespiratory system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Endocrine diseases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Diseases of the blood
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Diseases of the digestive and renal systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Diseases of the skin
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Pediatrics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Geriatrics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Psychiatric disorders
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wound healing and scars management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • General pre and post-operative complications and management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Surgical oncology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Thoracic and abdominal surgeries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Burns
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • ENT and ophthalmology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Obstetrics and gynecology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • I.C.U. management

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physiotherapy: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Musculoskeletal physiotherapy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Fractures and dislocations of upper limb and lower limb
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Fractures of pelvis and spine
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Soft Tissue Injuries
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Infectious, inflammatory, neoplastic and degenerative disorders
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Congenital and acquired deformities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Amputations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Orthoses and prostheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Manual physiotherapy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physiotherapy: Unit 15


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Neurological physiotherapy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Medical, surgical and physiotherapy assessment and management of brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerve (injuries), muscle disorders and paediatric neurological conditions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Neurophysiological approaches: NDT, MRP, Roods etc
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Vestibular rehabilitation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physiotherapy: Unit 16


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Cardiovascular and pulmonary physiotherapy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Medical, surgical and physiotherapy assessment and management of, cardiovascular diseases, peripheral vascular diseases and respiratory diseases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Physiotherapy techniques for Bronchopulmonary hygiene
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cardiorespiratory fitness assessment and training
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cardiac rehabilitation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • ICU set up and physiotherapy care

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physiotherapy: Unit 17


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Sports physiotherapy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Physical fitness
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Prevention and treatment of sports specific injuries including overuse injuries

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physiotherapy: Unit 18


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Community medicine and rehabilitation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Health and disease
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Epidemiology: Principles and method
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Health programs in India
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Nutrition and health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Occupational health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Disaster management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Environment and health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Mental health
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Community based rehabilitation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Disability and disability evaluation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Industrial health & ergonomics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Role of government, voluntary organizations and NGOs in CBR
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Vocational training

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physiotherapy: Unit 19


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Biostatistics & research methodology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Introduction to research methodology and biostatistic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Formulation of research problem and design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Sampling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Measurement & scaling techniques
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Methods of data collection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Testing of hypothesis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Measures of central tendency and dispersion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Normal probability curve
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Statistical tests and their types

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physiotherapy: Unit 20


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Clinical reasoning and evidence based physiotherapy practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Clinical decision making
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Introduction to evidence based practice
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Development of evidence based knowledge
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Assessing and using the evidence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Communicating evidence

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physiotherapy: Unit 21


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physiotherapy law and ethics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Biomedical ethical principles and code of conduct
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Code of ethics for physiotherapists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Documentation and informed consent

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physiotherapy: Unit 22


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Administration and management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Nature and scope of administration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Role of administrator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Principles of hospital administration and its applications to physiotherapy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Planning and organization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Personnel management

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Nanoscience/ integrative biosciences: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Inorganic chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Quantum numbers and their significance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • s, p, d, f block elements, the long form of periodic table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Detailed discussion of the following properties of the elements, with reference to s & p-block
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Effective nuclear charge, shielding or screening effect, slater rules, variation of effective nuclear charge in periodic table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • General characteristics, types of ions, size effects, radius ratio rule and its limitations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Packing of ions in crystals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Born-Landé equation with derivation and lattice energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Madelung constant, Born-Haber cycle and its application, solvation energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Lewis structure, valence bond theory, molecular orbital theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Formal charge, valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR), redox equations, standard electrode potential and its application to inorganic reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Bronsted-Lowry concept of acid-base reactions, solvated proton, relative strength of acids, types of acid-base reactions, levelling solvents, Lewis acid- base concept, classification of lewis acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB) application of HSAB principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Inert pair effect, diagonal relationship allotropy and catenation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Complex formation tendency of s and p block elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Study of the compounds with emphasis on structure, bonding, preparation, properties and uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Boric acid and borates, boron nitrides, borohydrides (diborane) carboranes and graphitic compounds, silanes, oxides and oxoacids of nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorine
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Peroxo acids of sulphur, interhalogen compounds, polyhalide ions, pseudo halogens and basic properties of halogens
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Werner’s theory, valence bond theory (inner and outer orbital complexes), electroneutrality principle and back bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Crystal field theory, measurement of 10 Dq (Δo), CFSE in weak and strong fields, pairing energies, factors affecting the magnitude of 10 Dq (Δo, Δt)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Octahedral vs. tetrahedral coordination, tetragonal distortions from octahedral geometry Jahn-Teller theorem, square planar geometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Qualitative aspect of ligand field and MO theory

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Nanoscience/ integrative biosciences: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physical chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Intensive and extensive variables; state and path functions; isolated, closed and open systems; zeroth law of thermodynamics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • First law: Concept of heat, q, work, w, internal energy, U, and statement of first law; enthalpy, H, relation between heat capacities, calculations of q, w, U and H for reversible
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Irreversible and free expansion of gases (ideal and van der Waals) under isothermal and adiabatic conditions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Heats of reactions: Standard states; enthalpy of formation of molecules and ions and enthalpy of combustion and its applications; calculation of bond energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Second law: Concept of entropy; thermodynamic scale of temperature, statement of the second law of thermodynamics; molecular and statistical interpretation of entropy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Calculation of entropy change for reversible and irreversible processes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Third law: Statement of third law, concept of residual entropy, calculation of absolute entropy of molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Free energy functions: Gibbs and Helmholtz energy; variation of S, G, A with T, V, P; free energy change and spontaneity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Relation between Joule-Thomson coefficient and other thermodynamic parameters; inversion temperature
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Miller indices, elementary ideas of symmetry, symmetry elements and symmetry operations, qualitative idea of point and space groups, seven crystal systems and fourteen Bravais lattices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Ionization of weak acids and bases, pH scale, common ion effect, salt hydrolysis-calculation of hydrolysis constant, degree of hydrolysis and pH for different salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Buffer solutions; derivation of Henderson equation and its applications; buffer capacity, buffer range
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Kinetic molecular model of a gas: Postulates and derivation of the kinetic gas equation; collision frequency
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Maxwell distribution and its use in evaluating molecular velocities (average, root mean square and most probable) and average kinetic energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Order and molecularity of a reaction, rate laws in terms of the advancement of a reaction, differential and integrated of rate expressions up to second order reactions, experimental methods of the determination of rate laws, kinetics of complex reactions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Nanoscience/ integrative biosciences: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Organic chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Homolytic and Heterolytic fission with suitable examples
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Curly arrow rules, formal charges; electrophiles and nucleophiles; nucleophilicity and basicity; types, shape and their relative stability of carbocations, carbanions, free radicals and carbenes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Introduction to types of organic reactions and their mechanism: Addition, elimination and substitution reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Fischer projection, Newman and Sawhorse projection formulae and their interconversions; geometrical isomerism: Cis–trans and, syn-anti isomers E/Z notations with C.I.P rules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Optical isomerism: Optical activity, specific rotation, chirality asymmetry, enantiomers, molecules with two or more chiral-centres, diastereoisomers, meso structures, racemic mixture and resolution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Relative and absolute configuration: D/L and R/S designations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Nanoscience/ integrative biosciences: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Basics of classical mechanics; laws of motion; Planck’s theory, de Broglie’s hypothesis, the harmonic oscillator-Schrodinger approach; hydrogenic atoms-orbitals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Free electron gas in one and three dimensions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Thermionic emission, work function, electrical conductivity of the free electron gas energy bands-fermi-dirac statistics; holes; effective mass; density of states: 3D, 2D, 1D; conduction & valence bands; electrons in periodic potential
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Origin of energy bands in solids, classification of solids as metals, insulators and semiconductors on the basis of the band picture, origin of the energy gap (qualitative discussions)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Temperature dependence of Fermi energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Crystal structure, packing fraction, specific surface energy and surface stress, effect on the lattice parameter, Bragg’s law of diffraction, size and shape dependent optical, emission, electronic transport, refractive index, dielectric
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Mechanical, magnetic; quantum confinement in semiconductors; mechanical properties-stress and strain concept, elastic properties, general optics and optical properties, refraction, reflection, absorption, transmission, luminescence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Magnetic properties, paramagnetism, ferromagnetism, domain theory, magnetic hysteresis, antiferromagnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Basics of thermodynamics, laws of thermodynamics and related applications, concepts of free energy and entropy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Semiconductor physics; energy band diagram: Electron energy bands, dopant atoms and energy levels, position of fermi energy level, solid state phase transformations, excitons, bandgap variations-quantum confinement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Charge carriers in semiconductors: Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, carrier transport phenomena: Carrier drift, carrier diffusion, hall effect
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Semiconductor electronic devices: p-n Junction, p-n junction diode, metal-semiconductor and semiconductor heterojunctions, bipolar transistor, concept of direct and indirect band gap in semiconductors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Nanoscience/ integrative biosciences: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Biological sciences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Evolution and origin of life, biological classification systems plant anatomy and physiology, plant tissues, hormones, mineral nutrition, biofertilizers and pesticides, animal anatomy and physiology, animal tissues, blood, digestive system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Respiratory system, excretion system, nervous system, endocrine system, reproduction system, skeleton system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Cytology and molecular biology: Cell and cell organelles, cell cycle, cell division-Mitosis and meiosis, DNA, RNA, DNA replication, translation, transcription, DNA repair mechanism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Biochemistry: Basic structures and functions of amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Enzymes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Kidney and liver function tests
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Ecology: Ecosystem, ecological pyramids, environment pollution and greenhouse effects
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Immunology: Basics of immunology, antigens, antibody, antigen-antibody interactions, types of immunity, immunological disorders, hypersensitivity reactions, monoclonal antibodies, and immunization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Microbiology: Classification of pathogens, gram staining, diseases and treatments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Genetics: Mendelian genetics, genetic disorders, and gene therapy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Biotechnology: Molecular biology techniques including DNA transformation techniques, types of vectors, cloning and expression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Restriction enzymes, types of polymeric chain reactions (PCR), and gel electrophoresis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Mathematical methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Calculus of single and multiple variables, partial derivatives, Jacobian, imperfect and perfect differentials, Taylor expansion, Fourier series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Vector algebra, vector calculus, multiple integrals, divergence theorem, Green’s theorem, Stokes’ theorem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • First order equations and linear second order differential equations with constant coefficients
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Matrices and determinants, algebra of complex numbers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Mechanics and general properties of matter
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Newton’s laws of motion and applications, velocity and acceleration in Cartesian, polar and cylindrical coordinate systems, uniformly rotating frame, centrifugal and Coriolis forces, motion under a central force, Kepler’s laws
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Gravitational law and field, conservative and non-conservative forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • System of particles, center of mass, equation of motion of the CM, conservation of linear and angular momentum, conservation of energy, variable mass systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Elastic and inelastic collisions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Rigid body motion, fixed axis rotations, rotation and translation, moments of inertia and products of inertia, parallel and perpendicular axes theorem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Principal moments and axes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Kinematics of moving fluids, equation of continuity, Euler’s equation, Bernoulli’s theorem

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Oscillations, waves and optics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Differential equation for simple harmonic oscillator and its general solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Superposition of two or more simple harmonic oscillators
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Lissajous figures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Damped and forced oscillators, resonance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wave equation, traveling and standing waves in one-dimension
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Energy density and energy transmission in waves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Group velocity and phase velocity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Sound waves in media
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Doppler effect
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Fermat’s principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • General theory of image formation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Thick lens, thin lens and lens combinations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Interference of light, optical path retardation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Fraunhofer diffraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Rayleigh criterion and resolving power
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Diffraction gratings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Polarization: Linear, circular and elliptic polarization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Double refraction and optical rotation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Electricity and magnetism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Coulomb’s law, Gauss’s law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Electric field and potential
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Electrostatic boundary conditions, solution of Laplace’s equation for simple cases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Conductors, capacitors, dielectrics, dielectric polarization, volume and surface charges, electrostatic energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s law, Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, self and mutual inductance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Alternating currents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Simple dc and ac circuits with r, l and c components
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Displacement current, Maxwell’s equations and plane electromagnetic waves, Poynting’s theorem, reflection and refraction at a dielectric interface, transmission and reflection coefficients (normal incidence only)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Lorentz Force and motion of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Kinetic theory, thermodynamics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Elements of kinetic theory of gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Velocity distribution and equipartition of energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Specific heat of mono-, di- and triatomic gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Ideal gas, Van-der-Waals gas and equation of state
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Mean free path
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Laws of thermodynamics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Zeroth law and concept of thermal equilibrium
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • First law and its consequences
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Isothermal and adiabatic processes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reversible, irreversible and quasi-static processes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Second law and entropy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Carnot cycle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Maxwell’s thermodynamic relation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Modern physics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Inertial frames and galilean invariance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Postulates of special relativity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Lorentz transformations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Length contraction, time dilation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Relativistic velocity addition theorem, mass energy equivalence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Blackbody radiation, photoelectric effect, compton Effect, Bohr’s atomic model, X-rays
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Wave-particle duality, uncertainty principle, the superposition principle, calculation of expectation values, Schrödinger equation and its solution for one, two and three-dimensional boxes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Solution of Schrödinger equation for the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Reflection and transmission at a step potential, Pauli exclusion principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Structure of atomic nucleus, mass and binding energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Radioactivity and its applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Laws of radioactive decay

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Physics: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Solid state physics, devices and electronics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Crystal structure, Bravais lattices and basis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Miller indices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • X-ray diffraction and Bragg's law Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, variation of resistivity with temperature
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Fermi level
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • p-n junction diode, I-V characteristics, zener diode and its applications, BJT-characteristics in CB, CE, CC modes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Single stage amplifier, two stage R-C coupled amplifiers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Simple oscillators: Barkhausen condition, sinusoidal oscillators
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • OP AMP and applications: Inverting and noninverting amplifier
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Boolean algebra: Binary number systems; conversion from one system to another system; binary addition and subtraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Logic gates AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR exclusive OR; truth tables; combination of gates; De Morgan’s theorem

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Plant biotechnology: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Introduction, cryo and organ genic differentiation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Introduction, cryo and organ genic differentiation, types of culture: Seed, embryo, callus, organs, cell and protoplast culture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Micro propagation, axillary bud proliferation, meristem and shoot tip culture, cud culture, organogenesis, embryogenesis, advantages and disadvantages of micro propagation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Plant biotechnology: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    In vitro haploid production androgenic methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Anther culture, microspore culture ando genesis significance and use of haploids, ploidy level and chromosome doubling, diploidization, gynogenic haploids, factors affecting gynogenesis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Chromosome elimination techniques for production of haploids in cereals

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Plant biotechnology: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Protoplast isolation and fusion methods of protoplast isolation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Protoplast development, somatic hybridization, identification and selection of hybrid cells, cybrids, potential of somatic hybridization limitations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Somaclonal variation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Nomenclature, methods, applications basis and disadvantages

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Plant biotechnology: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Plant growth promoting bacteria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Nitrogen fixation, nitrogenase, hydrogenase, nodulation, biocontrol of pathogens, growth promotion by free-living bacteria

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Soil science-soil & water conservation: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Soil and water conservation engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Forms of precipitation, hydrology cycle, point rainfall analysis, frequency analysis, agricultural system, mechanics of water and wind, water management in agri horti-aquaculture system, mechanics of water and wind erosion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Rational method of prediction of peak runoff and its limitation, concept of unit hydrograph and instantaneous hydrograph, factors affecting erosion and runoff, water erosion control measures- contour cultivation, strip cropping
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Terracing, afforestation, pastures, design of gully control structures- temporary and permanent, stream bank erosion, flood routing, flood amelioration by upstream soil water management, wind erosion control measure and sand dunes stabilization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Forms of precipitation, hydrology cycle, point rainfall analysis, frequency analysis, agricultural system, mechanics of water and wind, water management in agri-horti-aquaculture system, mechanics of water and wind erosion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Rational method of prediction of peak runoff and its limitation, concept of unit hydrograph and instantaneous hydrograph, factors affecting erosion and runoff, water erosion control measures, contour cultivation, strip cropping, terracing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Afforestation, pastures, design of gully control structures-temporary and permanent, stream bank erosion, flood routing, flood amelioration by upstream soil water management, wind erosion control measure and sand dunes stabilization

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Soil science-soil & water conservation: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Irrigation pump
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Design, construction, performance characteristics, selection installation, servicing and maintenance of different pumps (reciprocating, centrifugal, gear turbine, submersible, propelled jet)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Hydraulic and non-renewable power source for pumping solar pumps

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Soil science-soil & water conservation: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Irrigation and drainage engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Water wealth and irrigation in India, soil water plant relationship, forms and occurrence of soil water, methods and devices for soil moisture measurement, water requirement of crops, irrigation scheduling irrigation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Concept of irrigation efficiencies, water conveyance and control, design of canals, Lacey and Kennedy’s theories
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Drainage needs and its benefits Darcy’s law, hydraulic conductivity, drainage coefficient drainage methods, surface drainage (drainage of flat and sloping lands), design of open ditches their alignment and construction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Design and layout of subsurface drains, depth and spacing of drains and drainage outlets, installation of drains and drainage wells, drainage of salt affected areas

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Soil science-soil & water conservation: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Ground water hydrology and tube well engineering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    • Occurrence and movement of groundwater, steady and transient flow into wells, well interference, well drilling, design of well assembly and gravel pack, installation of well screen, completion and development of wells

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Soil science-soil & water conservation: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Use of remote sensing and GIS in planning and development

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Statistics: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Sequences and series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Convergence of sequences of real numbers, comparison, root and ratio tests for convergence of series of real numbers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Statistics: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Differential calculus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Limits, continuity and differentiability of functions of one and two variables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Rolle's theorem, mean value theorems, Taylor's theorem, indeterminate forms, maxima and minima of functions of one and two variables

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Statistics: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Integral calculus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Fundamental theorems of integral calculus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Double and triple integrals, applications of definite integrals, arc lengths, areas and volumes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Systems of linear equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Cayley‐Hamilton theorem, symmetric, skew‐symmetric and orthogonal matrices

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Statistics: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Matrices
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Rank, inverse of a matrix
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Linear transformations, eigenvalues and eigenvectors

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Statistics: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Differential equations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Ordinary differential equations of the first order of the form y' = f(x,y)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Linear differential equations of the second order with constant coefficients

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Statistics: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Descriptive statistics and probability
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Measure of central tendency, measure of dispersion, Skewness and Kurtosis, elementary analysis of data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Axiomatic definition of probability and properties, conditional probability, multiplication rule
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Theorem of total probability
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Bayes’ theorem and independence of events

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Statistics: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Random variables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Probability mass function, probability density function and cumulative distribution functions, distribution of a function of a random variable
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Mathematical expectation, moments and moment generating function
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chebyshev's inequality

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Statistics: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Standard distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Binomial, negative binomial, geometric, poisson, hyper- geometric, uniform, exponential, gamma, beta and normal distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Poisson and normal approximations of a binomial distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Chi-square distribution, t-distribution and F-distribution

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Statistics: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Joint distributions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Joint, marginal and conditional distributions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Distribution of functions of random variables
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Product moments, correlation, simple linear regression
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Independence of random variables limit theorems: Weak law of large numbers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Central limit theorem (i.i.d. with finite variance case only)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Statistics: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Estimation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Unbiasedness, consistency and efficiency of estimators, method of moments and method of maximum likelihood
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Sufficiency, factorization theorem
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Completeness, Rao-Blackwell and Lehmann‐Scheffe theorems, uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimators
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Rao‐cramer inequality
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Confidence intervals for the parameters of univariate normal, two independent normal, and one parameter exponential distributions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Statistics: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Testing of hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Basic concepts, applications of Neyman‐Pearson Lemma for testing simple and composite hypotheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Likelihood ratio tests

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Statistics: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Sampling and designs of experiments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • Simple random sampling, stratified sampling and cluster sampling, one-way, two-way analysis of variance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      • CRD, RBD, LSD and 2² and 2³ factorial experiments

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Zoology: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Cell biology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Zoology: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Biochemistry

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Zoology: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Molecular biology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Zoology: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Ecology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Zoology: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Evolution

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Zoology: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                Immunology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Zoology: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Genetics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Zoology: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Bio techniques

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Zoology: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Vertebrates and inverteb

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Zoology: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Developmental biology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Zoology: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Biostatistics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Zoology: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Animal physiology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Atmospheric science: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Physics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Properties of matter, equations of motion, gravitation, Kepler's laws, heat and thermodynamics, electrodynamics, optics, modern physics and laws of radiation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Atmospheric science: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Mathematics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Ordinary differential equation and their solution, determinants and matrices (fundamentals), Fourier series, Laplace transform, conic section, set theory and complex variables

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Atmospheric science: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Statistics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Measures of central tendency, dispersion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Significance tests and linear correlation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Atmospheric science: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Computer science
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Fundamentals of computer, computer architecture, operating systems, database management system, foundation of programming

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Atmospheric science: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Earth & environment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Earth interior, distribution of oceans and continents, composition and structure of atmosphere, world climate and climate change, physical environment, environmental pollution and its abatement, environmental awareness

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Animal science (poultry): Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Importance of agriculture/ fishery/ livestock in national economy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Principle of crop ecology and crop adaptation, climate shift and its ecological implications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Agro Ecological regions in India
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Geographical distribution of livestock, Greenhouse effect, climatic factors and their effect on livestock and animal productivity, role of GIS and GPS in agriculture
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Major diseases of cattle and poultry and their management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Important rural development programmes in India, organisational set up of animal science research, education and extension in India; elements of statistics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Animal science (poultry): Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Genetics and animal breeding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Biostatistics and computer applications, principles of genetics and population genetics, livestock & poultry breeding

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Animal science (poultry): Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Livestock economics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Livestock production economics, marketing and price analysis, finance and project management, benefit-cost analysis, project & policies

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Animal science (poultry): Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Animal husbandry extension education
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Livestock based livelihoods & their evolution, extension education & development, rural sociology in veterinary extension, transfer of technology for livestock development, communication and extension teaching methods, livestock entrepreneurship

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Animal science (poultry): Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Food technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Livestock and poultry food processing, industries/institutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Food presentation and storage, food microbiology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmaceutics-i (introduction to pharmaceutics)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • History of pharmaceutical practice through ages
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Pharmacopoeias with special reference to Indian, British, United States, International and Extra Pharmacopoeias and various systems of medicines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Routes of administration and classification of pharmaceutical dosage forms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Definition, general formulation and manufacturing procedures
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Methods employed in the preparation of plant extracts

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmaceutical chemistry-i (organic-i)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Fundamentals and classification of organic reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Reaction intermediate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Stereochemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Study of reaction mechanism, reactivity and orientation, effect of substituent groups of following categories of reactions: Addition reactions, elimination reactions, substitution reactions, condensation and rearrangement reactions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmaceutical chemistry-ii (inorganic)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • The occurrence of impurities in pharmaceutical preparations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • A systematic study of the following pharmaceutical inorganic compounds with reference to their preparations, properties, tests for identity and purity, pharmaceutical uses and assay methods as given in Indian pharmacopoeia (IP)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Group IA: Sodium and potassium compound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Group IIIA and IIIB: Boron and aluminium compounds Group IVA and IVB: Bentonite, light and heavy kaolin and kaolin poultice.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Group VA and VB: Nitrogen, antimony, and bismuth compound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Group VIB: Sulphur, selenium compound
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Group VIIA and VIIB: Hydrogen, oxygen and halogen compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Group VIII: Iron compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • A study of major intra and extra cellular electrolytes, essential and trace elements and their physiological role
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Selected case studies in medicinal inorganic chemistry from the following topics: (a) Biomedical uses of lithium, (b) application of platinum compounds in medicine, (c) gold compounds as therapeutic agents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Metal compounds as contrast agents for MRI and medicinal applications of radioactive compounds

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Advance mathematics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Differential equations and its application
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Laplace transforms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Biometrics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Probability
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Correlation and regression analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmaceutics-ii (physical pharmacy)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Matter: State and selected properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Micromeritics: Particle size and size distribution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Surface and interfacial phenomena
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Rheology: Newtonian systems
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Dispersed systems: Colloids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Complexation and protein binding: Classification of complexes, methods of preparation and analysis, pharmaceutical applications, protein binding, factors affecting complexation and protein binding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chemical kinetics: General considerations and concepts, half-life determination, factors affecting rate of reaction, order of reaction, determination of order of reaction

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmaceutical chemistry-iii (organic-ii)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Nomenclature of heterocyclic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Classification of heterocyclic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chemistry, preparation, properties and pharmaceutical applications of following heterocyclic rings: Monocyclic rings; bicyclic rings; tricyclic rings
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applications of reagents used in organic syntheses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Oxidation and hydrogenation/reduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chemistry of bio-macromolecules

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmaceutical microbiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Introduction and scope of microbiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Classification of microbes and their taxonomy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Identification and cultivation of microbes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Control of microbes by physical and chemical methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Immunity, primary and secondary defensive mechanisms of body, microbial resistance, interferon.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Food spoilage and preservation of food

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Anatomy physiology & health education-i
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Scope of anatomy & physiology and basic terminology used in the subject
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Structure of human cell, its components and their functions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Elementary tissues of the human body
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Osseous system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Haematopoietic system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lymph and lymphatic system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Cardiovascular system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Health education: (a) Classification of food requirements and importance of balanced diet, (b) demography and family planning, (c) first aid

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmaceutics-iii (pharmaceutical engineering)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Unit operations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Material of construction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Size reduction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Size separation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Mixing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Filtration
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Centrifugation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Crystallization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Refrigeration, air conditioning and humidity control
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Evaporation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Distillation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Drying
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Corrosion

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmaceutics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Prescription
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Pharmaceutical calculations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Principle involved and procedures adopted in dispensing of mixtures, solutions, emulsions, lotions, liniments, powders, capsules, tablets, tablet triturates, pastilles, lozenges, pills, ointments, creams, pastes, suppositories, jellies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Inhalations, paints, sprays and ophthalmic preparations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Incompatibility
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Community pharmacy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Hospital pharmacy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmaceutical analysis-i
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Theoretical aspects of quantitative analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Oxidation-reduction titrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Precipitation titrations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Gravimetric analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Non-aqueous titration

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacognosy-i
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Definition, history, scope and development of pharmacognosy, sources of crude drugs and methods of their classification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Plant hormones and their applications, influence of mutation and hybridization with reference to medicinal plants
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Pest control and natural pest control agents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Quality control of crude drugs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Introduction of various types of primary and secondary metabolites as active constituents of crude drugs, general methods of their isolation, classification
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Properties and systematic pharmacognostic study of: (a) Carbohydrates, (b) lipids, (c) resins and tannins, (d) pharmaceutical aids

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Anatomy, physiology and health education-ii
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Central Nervous system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Autonomous nervous system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Respiratory system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Endocrine system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Digestive system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Reproductive system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Urinary system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Sense organs

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmaceutics -v (dosage form design)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Pre-formulation studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Study of different types of formulation additives
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Stability studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Polymers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Dissolution technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Solubilization

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 15


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmaceutical analysis-ii
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Conductometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Potentiometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Polarography
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Coulometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Radioimmunoassay
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Thermal methods of analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • X-ray diffraction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Miscellaneous methods of analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 16


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmaceutical chemistry-iv (biochemistry)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Enzymes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Coenzymes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Carbohydrates metabolism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Lipid metabolism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Biological oxidation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Metabolism of ammonia and nitrogen containing monomers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Genetic code and protein synthesis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 17


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacognosy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Classification, cultivation, collection, commercial varieties, chemical constituents, substitutes, diagnostic macroscopic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Microscopic features and specific chemical tests of following groups of drugs containing glycosides: (a) Saponins, (b) cardioactive sterols, (c) anthraquinone cathartics etc., (d) volatile oils, plant bitters and sweeteners
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Plant bitters and sweeteners
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Biological sources, preparation, identification tests and uses of the following enzymes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 18


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmaceutical jurisprudence & ethics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Pharmaceutical legislations drugs and pharmaceutical industry with special reference to India code of pharmaceutical ethics Pharmacy Act 1948, drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940 and rules 1945, medicinal & toilet preparations (excise duties) Act 1955
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Narcotic drugs & psychotropic substances Act 1985 & rules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Drugs price control order 1995, drug policy 200
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • A brief study of the following with special reference to the main provisions: (a) Poisons Act 1919. (b) Drugs and magic remedies (objectionable advertisements) Act 1954. (c) Medical termination of Pregnancy Act 1970 & rules 1975
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • A brief study of the following with special reference to the main provisions: (d) Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1960. (e) States shops & establishments Act & Rules. (f) Insecticides Act 1968. (g) AICTE Act 1987
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • A brief study of the following with special reference to the main provisions: (h) Factories Act 1948- (i) Minimum Wages Act 1948. (j) Introduction to Intellectual Property Rights and Indian Patent Act 1970 with patents rules 1972
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • A brief study of the various marketed pharmaceutical products from the following categories: (i) Antibiotics, (ii) vitamins, (iii) antihypertensive, (iv) anti-diabetics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 19


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmaceutics-vi (cosmetic technology)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Face preparation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Colored make-up preparations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Skin preparation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Shaving preparation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Shampoos
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Hair preparations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Dental preparation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Manicure preparation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Herbal cosmetics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Cosmetic for babies: Baby cream, lotion and powders

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 20


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmaceutics-vii (pharmaceutical technology-i)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Liquid dosage forms: Introduction, types of additives used in formulations, vehicles, stabilizers, preservatives, suspending agents, emulsifying agents, solubilizers, colors, flavors and others, manufacturing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Semisolid dosage forms: Definition, types and mechanisms of drug penetration. Factors influencing penetration. Semisolid bases and their selection. General formulation of semisolids, clear gels, manufacturing procedure, evaluation and packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Suppositories: Ideal requirements, bases, manufacturing procedures, packaging and evaluation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Solid dosage forms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Pharmaceutical aerosols
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • A brief introduction of blood products, plasma substitutes and surgical product

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 21


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmaceutical chemistry-v (medicinal chemistry-i)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Introduction and basic principles of medicinal chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Drugs affecting neurotransmission: (a) Drug acting on cholinergic neurotransmission, (b) drug acting on adrenergic neurotransmission, (c) drug acting on serotonergic neurotransmission, (d) local anesthetic agents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Drugs affecting the immune system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Miscellaneous agents: (a) Diagnostic and medicinal green and fluorescein, (b) pharmaceutical aids

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 22


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacognosy iii
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Systematic study of source, cultivation, collection, processing, commercial varieties, chemical constituents, substitutes, adulterants, uses, diagnostic macroscopic and microscopic features
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Specific chemical tests of following alkaloid containing drugs: Tropane, quinoline, isoquinoline, indole, steroidal, steroidal amine and purines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • A brief account of plant-based industries and institutions involved in work on medicinal and aromatic plants in India
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Utilization of aromatic plants and derived products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Marine pharmacognosy novel medicinal agents from marine sources
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Introduction, classification and study of different chromatographic methods and their applications in evaluation of herbal drugs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Holistic concept of drug administration in traditional systems of medicine, introduction to ayurvedic preparations like arishtas, asavs, gutikas, tailas, churans, lehyas and bhasmas

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 23


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacology-i
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • General pharmacology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Introduction to pharmacology, sources of drugs, dosage forms and routes of administration, mechanism of action, combined effects of drugs, factors modifying drug action, tolerance and dependence, pharmacogenetics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs, principle of basic and clinical pharmacokinetics adverse drug reactions and treatment of poisoning, ADME drug interactions, receptors, bioassay of drugs and biological standardization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Discovery and development of new drugs. Introduction to clinical trials, bioavailability and bioequivalence studies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Pharmacology of peripheral nervous system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Neurohumoral transmission (autonomous and somatic)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Parasympathomimetic, parasympatholytic and sympathomimetics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Neuromuscular blocking agent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Local anaesthetic agents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Pharmacology of drugs acting on gastrointestinal tract
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Antacids, antisecretory and antiulcer drugs (pathophysiology of ulcer)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Laxatives and anti-diarrhea drugs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Appetite stimulants and depressants
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Emetics and antiemetics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Carminatives, demulcents, protectives, adsorbents, astringents, digestants, enzymes and mucolytics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Autacoids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Histamine, bradykinin, 5- HT and their antagonists
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Prostaglandins, leukotrienes and platelet activating factors
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Pentagastrin, cholecystokinin, angiotensin, bradykinin and substance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory (vascular and cellular events of acute inflammation, chemical mediators of inflammation, pathogenesis of chronic inflammation), anti-gout and anti rheumatic drug (pathophysiology of gout and rheumatoid arthritis)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Pharmacology of drugs used for respiratory system: Anti-asthmatic drugs (pathophysiology of asthma) including bronchodilators, antitussives, expectorants and respiratory stimulants

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 24


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmaceutics-viii (pharmaceutical technology-ii)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Microencapsulation: Types of microcapsules, importance of microencapsulation in pharmacy, microencapsulation by phase separation, coacervation, multiorifice centrifugal, spray drying, spray congealing, polymerization complex emulsion
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Microencapsulation: Air suspension technique, coating pan and other techniques, evaluation of microcapsules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Parenteral products: Preformulation factors, routes of administration, water for injection, pyrogenicity, non-aqueous vehicles, and isotonicity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Parenteral products: Aseptic techniques-sources of contamination and methods of prevention, design of aseptic area, laminar flow bench services and maintenance. Formulation details, containers and closures and their selection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Parenteral products: Pre-filling treatment, washing of containers and closures, preparation of solution and suspensions, filling and closing of ampoules, vials, infusion fluids, lyophilization and preparation of sterile powders
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Parenteral products: Equipment for large-scale manufacture and evaluation of parenteral products
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Design, development, production and evaluation of controlled release formulations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Novel drug delivery systems: Drawbacks and deficiencies of conventional drug delivery systems, introduction to novel drug delivery systems, e.g., transdermal drug delivery patches, ocular inserts and osmotic pumps, introduction of liposomes and pro drugs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Ophthalmic preparations: Requirements, formulation and methods of preparations, containers, and evaluation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 25


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmaceutical biotechnology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Introduction, historical perspective, genomics, proteomics and other biotechnology related techniques, scope and future of pharmaceutical biotechnology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Enzyme immobilization: Introduction, factor affecting enzyme kinetics, technique of immobilization of enzymes, immobilization of plant and bacterial cell, study of enzymes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • rDNA technology: Introduction, transformation, conjugation, transduction, protoplast fusion and plasmid mediated gene transfer, gene cloning including enzymes acting on DNA, cloning vectors, insertion of target DNA into vector
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • rDNA technology: Transformation and growth of cells, selection of recombinant clones and their applications, techniques of genetic engineering, study of drugs produced by biotechnology such as activase, humulin, humantrope, HB etc
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Vaccine technology: Introduction, immunological principles, conventional vaccines, modern vaccine technologies, development of hybridoma for monoclonal antibodies and monoclonal antibody based pharmaceuticals, pharmaceutical considerations of vaccines
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Fermentation: Introduction to fermentation, fermenters and types of fermenters, factors affecting design of fermenter, the fermentation process and its optimization with special reference to ethyl alcohol, riboflavin, cephalosporin and ascorbic acid
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Production and downstream processing of biotech products: Introduction, production, downstream processing, issues to consider in production and purification of proteins
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Production and downstream processing of biotech products: Formulation of biotech products and its biopharmaceutical considerations, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of peptide and protein drugs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Plant tissue culture: Introduction, laboratory requirements, cellular totipotency, types of cultures, protoplast fusion and somatic hybridization, transgenic plants and application of transgenic plants, cryopreservation and application of PTC in pharmacy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 26


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmaceutical chemistry-vi (medicinal chemistry-ii)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Classification, synthesis of selective drugs, structure-activity relationship, pharmacological/ biochemical mechanism of action, therapeutic uses of following category of agents-(special emphasis should be given to specified drugs)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Drugs affecting central nervous system: General anesthetics; anti parkinsonian agents and spasmolytic agents; psychopharmacological agents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Drugs affecting hormonal system: Thyroid hormones and antithyroid agents; insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents; steroidal agents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Drugs affecting hematopoietic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chemistry and physiological importance of water & lipid soluble vitamins

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 27


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmaceutics-ix (packaging technology)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Packaging of pharmaceutical dosage form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Packaging of solid oral dosage form
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Packaging of semisolids and topica
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Glass packaging materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Plastic packaging materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Metal packaging materials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Tamper-resistant packaging
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Child resistant package

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 28


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Rmacology-ii
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Drugs affecting hormonal system: Thyroid hormones and antithyroid agents; insulin and oral hypoglycemic agents; steroidal agents-pathophysiology of CNS diseases and pharmacology of drugs used to treat
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Neurohumoral transmission in CNS, general anesthetics, alcohol and disulfiram, hypnotics, sedatives, antianxiety agents, and centrally acting muscle relaxants, psychopharmacological agent, antiepileptic drugs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Narcotic analgesics and antagonists, drugs used in neurodegenerative diseases-Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease, drug addiction and drug abuse-CNS stimulants
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Pathophysiology of diseases of endocrine system and pharmacology of drugs used for their treatment: a) Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones. b) Thyroid hormones and antithyroid drugs. c) Insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents and glucagons
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Pathophysiology of diseases of endocrine system and pharmacology of drugs used for their treatment: (d) Corticosteroids. e) Androgens, anabolic steroids and drugs for erectile dysfunction. f) Estrogens, progestins and oral contraceptives
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Pathophysiology of diseases of endocrine system and pharmacology of drugs used for their treatment: g) Oxytocin and drugs acting on the uterus. h) Parathormone, calcitonin and vitamin D, ACTH and corticosteroid
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Drug acting on haematopoietic system: (a) Haematinics (pathophysiology of anaemia) (b) anticoagulants, (c) fibrinolytic and antiplatelet drugs (d) blood and plasma volume expanders

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 29


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmaceutics-x (biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Bio pharmaceutics: (1) Introduction-definition and significance of biopharmaceutics in formulation development. (2) gastrointestinal absorption of Drugs, (3) factors affecting drug absorption, (4) methods of studying gastrointestinal absorption
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Bio pharmaceutics: (5) Drug disposition (6) drug excretion, (7) drug biotransformation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Pharmacokinetics: (1) Definition and need of pharmacokinetic and clinical pharmacokinetics. (2) Introduction to pharmacokinetic parameters, biological half-life, volume of distribution, clearance, rate constants for elimination
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Pharmacokinetics: (3) One compartment model: Single dosing-intravenous injection and oral absorption, determination of pharmacokinetic parameters from plasma and urine data, measurements of Cmax, Tmax, and AUC
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Pharmacokinetics: (4) Bioavailability and bioequivalence-definition and detailed protocol, Significance of bioavailability and bioequivalence studies. Regulatory requirements

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 30


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmaceutical chemistry-vii (medicinal chemistry-iii)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Drug design and development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Modern medicinal chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Drugs affecting the cardiovascular system: (a) Anti-anginal and vasodilators, (b) antiarrhythmic agents, (c) antihypertensive agents, (d) antihyperlipidemic agents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Drugs affecting the urinary system

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 31


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacology-iv
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Principles of clinical pharmacology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Drugs used during infancy, neonates, in the elderly persons and their bio-pharmaceutics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Drugs used during pregnancy and drug induced diseases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • The principles, mechanism and clinical evaluation of drug interactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Common clinical laboratory tests and their interpretation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • General principles of clinical toxicology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Therapeutic drug monitoring, concept of essential drugs and rational drug use
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Principles of toxicology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 32


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmaceutical industrial management and accountancy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Concept of management: Administrative management, entrepreneurship development, operative management, principles of management, identification of key points to give maximum thrust for development and perfection
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Economics: Principles of economic
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Materials management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Production management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Accountancy

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 33


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmaceutical analysis-iv(quality assurance)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Quality assurance: Concept, Scope, quality control, audit, total quality management.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Development of new analytical methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Validation: Definition, types, validation of manufacturing and analytical equipment, validation of analytical procedures, importance and limitations of validation, organization for validation.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Pharmaceutical manufacturing documentation (PMD): Introduction, guidelines for designing and implementation of PMD programs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Documentation: Protocols, forms and maintenance of records in pharmaceutical industries, preparation of documents for new drug approval and export registration to United States, United Kingdom, Europe and Africa.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Patent processing and its applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Requirement of GMP, GLP, ISO 9000, WHO and U.S. F.D.A
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • In-process quality control tests, IPQC problems in pharmaceutical industries, sources and control of quality variation, total quality management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Sampling plans, sampling and operating characteristics curves, interpretation of analytical data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Regulatory control and regulatory drug analysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 34


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Drug design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Drug discovery, design and development
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Quantum mechanics and molecular dynamics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Ligand based drug design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Structure based drug design
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Comparative protein modeling

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 35


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmaceutical sales and marketing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Introduction to pharmaceutical marketing management
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Marketing task: Demand states & marketing task, scope of marketing and different markets
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Concept of marketing
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Marketing opportunities market oriented strategic planning
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Developing market strategies & marketing mix, product strategy positioning & differentiating the market offering
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Managing & delivering marketing programs
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Value net-work & marketing channels
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Managing sales force: Recruitment & selecting representative, training sales representative, supervising, norms for customer calls, motivating sales representative, evaluating sales representative

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Pharmacy: Unit 36


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Food science technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Food chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Food Microbiology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Food process principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Food technology
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Food laws and standards

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 01


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Gaseous state
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Behavior of real gases: Deviations from ideal gas behavior, compressibility factor, and its variation with pressure for different gases. Causes of deviation from ideal behavior. van der Waals equation of state
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Behavior of real gases: Its derivation and application in explaining real gas behaviour; van der Waals equation expressed in virial form, Boyle temperature. Isotherms of real gases and their comparison with van der Waals isotherms
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Behavior of real gases: Continuity of states, critical state, critical and van der Waals constants, law of corresponding states
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Kinetic molecular model of a gas: Postulates and derivation of the kinetic gas equation; collision frequency; collision diameter; mean free path and viscosity of gases, including their temperature and pressure dependence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Kinetic molecular model of a gas: Relation between mean free path and coefficient of viscosity, calculation of σ from η; variation of viscosity with temperature and pressure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Kinetic molecular model of a gas: Maxwell distribution and its use in evaluating molecular velocities (average, root mean square and most probable) and average kinetic energy, law of equipartition of energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Kinetic molecular model of a gas: Degrees of freedom and molecular basis of heat capacities

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Liquid state
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Structure and physical properties of liquids; vapour pressure, surface tension, viscosity, and their dependence on temperature, effect of addition of various solutes on surface tension, cleansing action of detergents
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Structure of water

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Ionic equilibria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Strong, moderate and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, factors affecting degree of ionization, ionization constant and ionic product of water
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Ionization of weak acids and bases, pH scale, common ion effect; dissociation constants of mono-, di- and tri-protic acids. Salt hydrolysis, hydrolysis constants, degree of hydrolysis and pH for different salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Buffer solutions; Henderson equation, buffer capacity, buffer range, buffer action, applications of buffers in analytical chemistry, solubility and solubility product
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Brönsted-Lowry concept of acid-base reactions, solvated proton, relative strength of acids, types of acid-base reactions, levelling solvents, Lewis acid-base concept, classification of Lewis acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Hard and soft acids and bases (HSAB) application of HSAB principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Qualitative treatment of acid-base titration curves (calculation of pH at various stages)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Theory of indicators; selection of indicators and their limitations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Multistage equilibria in polyelectrolytes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 04


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Solid state
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Nature of the solid state, law of constancy of interfacial angles, law of rational indices, Miller indices, elementary ideas of symmetry, symmetry elements and symmetry operations, qualitative idea of point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Space groups, seven crystal systems and fourteen Bravais lattices; X-ray diffraction, Bragg’s law, a simple account of rotating crystal method and powder pattern method
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Various types of defects in crystals, glasses and liquid crystals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Intensive and extensive variables; state and path functions; isolated, closed and open systems; zeroth law of thermodynamics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 05


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Thermodynamics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • First law: Concept of heat, q, work, w, internal energy, U, and statement of first law; enthalpy, H, relation between heat capacities, calculations of q, w, U and H for reversible
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • First law: Irreversible and free expansion of gases (ideal and van der Waals) under isothermal and adiabatic conditions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 06


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Thermochemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Heats of reactions: Standard states; enthalpy of formation of molecules and ions and enthalpy of combustion and its applications; calculation of bond energy, bond dissociation energy and resonance energy from thermochemical data
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Heats of reactions: Effect of temperature (Kirchhoff’s equations), pressure on enthalpy of reactions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 07


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Second law
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Concept of entropy; thermodynamic scale of temperature, statement of the second law of thermodynamics; molecular and statistical interpretation of entropy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Calculation of entropy change for reversible and irreversible processes

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 08


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Third law of thermodynamics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Third law of thermodynamics, residual entropy, calculation of absolute entropy of molecules

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 09


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Free energy functions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Gibbs and Helmholtz energy; variation of S, G, A with T, V, P; free energy change and spontaneity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Relation between Joule-Thomson coefficient and other thermodynamic parameters; inversion temperature; Gibbs-Helmholtz equation; Maxwell relations; thermodynamic equation of state

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 10


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Partial molar quantities
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Partial molar quantities, dependence of thermodynamic parameters on composition; Gibbs Duhem equation, chemical potential of ideal mixtures, change in thermodynamic functions in mixing of ideal gases

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 11


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Dilute solutions or colligative properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Dilute solutions; lowering of vapour pressure, Raoult’s and Henry’s laws and their applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Excess thermodynamic functions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Thermodynamic derivation using chemical potential to derive relations between the four colligative properties: (i) Relative lowering of vapour pressure, (ii) elevation of boiling point
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Thermodynamic derivation using chemical potential to derive relations between the four colligative properties: (iii) Depression of freezing point, (iv) osmotic pressure and amount of solute
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applications in calculating molar masses of normal, dissociated and associated solutes in solution

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 12


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Molecular spectroscopy & photochemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with molecules and various types of spectra; born oppenheimer approximation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Rotation spectroscopy: Selection rules, intensities of spectral lines, determination of bond lengths of diatomic and linear triatomic molecules, isotopic substitution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Vibrational spectroscopy: Classical equation of vibration, computation of force constant, amplitude of diatomic molecular vibrations, anharmonicity, morse potential, dissociation energies, fundamental
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Frequencies, overtones, hot bands, degrees of freedom for polyatomic molecules, modes of vibration, concept of group frequencies
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Vibration-rotation spectroscopy: Diatomic vibrating rotator, P, Q, R branches
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Photophysical and photochemical processes: Laws of photochemistry, quantum yield
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Jablonski diagrams: Franck-Condon principle, law of photochemical equivalence, quantum efficiency, low and high quantum efficiency
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Kinetics of photochemical reactions (H2 + Br2⇌HBr, 2HI ⇌ H2 + I2), energy transfer in photochemical reactions (photosensitization and quenching), fluorescence, phosphorescence, chemiluminescence
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Discussion of Electronic spectra and photochemistry (Lambert-Beer law and its applications)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 13


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemical kinetics
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Order and molecularity of a reaction, rate laws in terms of the advancement of a reaction, differential and integrated rate laws for first, second and fractional order reactions, pseudo unimolecular reactions, determination of the order
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Kinetics of complex reactions (limited to first order): (i) Opposing reactions (ii) parallel reactions and (iii) consecutive reactions and their differential rate equations (steady-state approximation in reaction mechanisms) (iv) chain reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Temperature dependence of reaction rates; Arrhenius equation; activation energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Collision theory of reaction rates, Lindemann mechanism, qualitative treatment of the theory of absolute reaction rates

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 14


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Catalysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Types of catalyst, specificity and selectivity, mechanisms of catalyzed reactions at solid surfaces; effect of particle size and efficiency of nanoparticles as catalysts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Enzyme catalysis, Michaelis Menten mechanism, acid-base catalysis

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 15


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Surface chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Physical adsorption, chemisorption, adsorption isotherms (Freundlich, Temkin, Derivation of Langmuir adsorption isotherms, surface area determination), BET theory of multilayer adsorption (no derivation), Adsorption in solution

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 16


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Phase equilibria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Concept of phases, components and degrees of freedom, derivation of Gibbs Phase Rule for nonreactive and reactive systems; Clausius-Clapeyron equation and its applications to solid liquid, liquid-vapour and solid-vapour equilibria
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Phase diagram for one component systems, with applications
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Phase diagrams for systems of solid-liquid equilibria involving eutectic, congruent and incongruent melting points, solid solutions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Three component systems, water chloroform-acetic acid system, triangular plots
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Binary solutions: Gibbs-Duhem-Margules equation, its derivation and applications to fractional distillation of binary miscible liquids (ideal and nonideal), azeotropes, lever rule, partial miscibility of liquids, CST, miscible pairs, steam distillation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Nernst distribution law: Its derivation and applications

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 17


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Introduction to quantum chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Introduction to black-body radiation and distribution of energy, photoelectric effect, concept of quantization, wave particle duality (de-Broglie’s hypothesis), the uncertainty principle
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • The wave function: wave function and its interpretation, conditions of normalization and Orthogonality and its significance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Basic idea about operators, eigen function and values, Schrodinger equation and application
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • To free-particle and particle in a box, boundary conditions, wave functions and energies, degeneracy, hydrogen atom, Schrodinger equation in polar coordinates, radial and angular parts of the hydrogenic orbitals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Degeneracies, spherical harmonics, representations of hydrogenic orbitals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Quantitative treatment of simple harmonic oscillator model, setting up of Schrodinger equation and discussion of solution of wave functions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Rigid rotator model and discussion of application of Schrodinger equation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Idea about transformation to spherical polar coordinate, discussion on solution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Qualitative treatment of hydrogen atom and hydrogen-like ions: Setting up of Schrödinger equation in spherical polar coordinates, radial part, quantization of energy (only final energy expression)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Average and most probable distances of electron from nucleus
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Valence bond and molecular orbital approaches, LCAO-MO treatment of H2, H2 +; bonding and antibonding orbitals, Comparison of LCAO-MO and VB treatments of H2 (only wavefunctions, detailed solution not required) and their limitations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 18


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Conductance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Conductivity, equivalent and molar conductivity and their variation with dilution for weak and strong electrolytes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Molar conductivity at infinite dilution
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Debye-Hückel-Onsager equation, Wien effect, Debye-Falkenhagen effect, Walden’s rules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Ionic velocities, mobilities and their determinations, transference numbers and their relation to ionic mobilities, determination of transference numbers using Hittorf and moving boundary methods
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applications of conductance measurement: (i) Degree of dissociation of weak electrolytes, (ii) ionic product of water (iii) solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble salts, (iv) conductometric titrations, and (v) hydrolysis constants of salts

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 19


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Electrochemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Quantitative aspects of Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, rules of oxidation/reduction of ions based on half cell potentials, applications of electrolysis in metallurgy and industry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chemical cells, reversible and irreversible cells with examples
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Electromotive force of a cell and its measurement, Nernst equation; standard electrode (reduction) potential and its application to different kinds of half-cells
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Application of EMF measurements in determining (i) free energy, enthalpy and entropy of a cell reaction, (ii) equilibrium constants, and (iii) pH values, using hydrogen, quinone-hydroquinone, glass and SbO/Sb2O3 electrodes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Concentration cells with and without transference, liquid junction potential; determination of activity coefficients and transference numbers
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Qualitative discussion of potentiometric titrations (acid base, redox, precipitation)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 20


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Atomic structure
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Bohr’s theory, its limitations and atomic spectrum of hydrogen atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Wave mechanics: De’ Broglie equation, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle and its significance, Schrödinger’s wave equation, significance of ψ and ψ
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Quantum numbers and their significance
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Normalized and orthogonal wave functions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Sign of wave functions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Radial and angular wave functions for hydrogen atom
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Radial and angular distribution curves
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Shapes of s, p, d and f orbitals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Contour boundary and probability diagrams
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Pauli’s exclusion principle, Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity, Aufbau’s principle and its limitations, variation of orbital energy with atomic number

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 21


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Periodicity of elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • s, p, d, f block elements, the long form of periodic table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Detailed discussion of the following properties of the elements, with reference to s and p-block
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Effective nuclear charge, shielding or screening effect, slater rules, variation of effective nuclear charge in periodic table
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Atomic radii (van’der Waals)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Ionic and crystal radii
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Covalent radii (octahedral and tetrahedral)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Ionization enthalpy, successive ionization enthalpies and factors affecting ionization energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Applications of ionization enthalpy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Electron gain enthalpy, trends of electron gain enthalpy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Electronegativity, Pauling, Mulliken, Allred Rochow scales, electronegativity and bond order, partial charge, hybridization, group electronegativity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Sanderson electron density ratio

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 22


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemical bonding
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Ionic bond: General characteristics, types of ions, size effects, radius ratio rule and its limitations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Packing of ions in crystals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Born-Landé equation with derivation, expression for lattice energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Madelung constant, Born-Haber cycle and its application, solvation energy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Covalent bond: Lewis structure, valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR), shapes of simple molecules and ions containing lone-and bond-pairs of electrons multiple bonding, sigma and pi bond approach, valence bond theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Hybridization containing s, p and s, p, d atomic orbitals, shapes of hybrid orbitals, Bent's rule, resonance and resonance energy, molecular orbital theory
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Molecular orbital diagrams of simple homonuclear and heteronuclear diatomic molecules, MO diagrams of simple tri and tetra-atomic molecules, e.g., N2, O2, C2, B2, F2, CO, NO, and their ions; HCl, BeF2, CO2, HCHO
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Idea of s-p mixing and orbital interaction to be given
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Covalent character in ionic compounds, polarizing power and polarizability
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Fajan rules, polarization
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Ionic character in covalent compounds: Bond moment and dipole moment
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Ionic character from dipole moment and electronegativities

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 23


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Metallic bonding and weak chemical forces
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Metallic bond: Qualitative idea of free electron model, semiconductors, insulators
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Weak chemical forces: Van’der Waals, ion-dipole, dipole-dipole, induced dipole-dipole interactions, Lennard-Jones 6-12 formula, hydrogen bond, effects of hydrogen bonding on melting and boiling points, solubility, dissolution

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 24


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Oxidation-reduction and general principle of metallurgy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Redox equations, standard electrode potential and its application to inorganic reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Occurrence of metals based on standard electrode potentials
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Ellingham diagrams for reduction of metal oxides using carbon or carbon monoxide as reducing agent
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Electrolytic reduction, hydrometallurgy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Methods of purification of metals: Electrolytic Kroll process, parting process, Van Arkel-De Boer process and Mond’s process, zone refining

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 25


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry of s and p block elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Inert pair effect, relative stability of different oxidation states, diagonal relationship and anomalous behavior of first member of each group
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Allotropy and catenation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Complex formation tendency of s and p block elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Hydrides and their classification ionic, covalent and interstitial
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Basic beryllium acetate and nitrate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Structure, bonding, preparation, properties and uses
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Boric acid and borates, boron nitrides, borohydrides (diborane) carboranes and graphitic compounds, silanes, oxides and oxoacids of nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorine
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Per-oxo acids of Sulphur inter-halogen compounds, polyhalide ions, pseudo-halogens, properties of halogens

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 26


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Noble gases
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Occurrence and uses, rationalization of inertness of noble gases, clathrates; preparation and properties of XeF2, XeF4 and XeF6; bonding in noble gas compounds (valence bond and MO treatment for XeF2), shapes of noble gas compounds (VSEPR theory)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 27


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Inorganic polymer
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Types of inorganic polymers, comparison with organic polymers, synthesis, structural aspects and applications of silicones and siloxanes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Borazines, silicates and phosphazenes, and polysulfides

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 28


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Coordination chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Werner’s theory, EAN rule, piano-stool compounds, valence bond theory (inner and outer orbital complexes), crystal field theory, d-orbital splitting, weak and strong fields, pairing energies, factors affecting the magnitude of (Δ)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Octahedral vs. tetrahedral coordination, tetragonal distortions from octahedral geometry Jahn-Teller theorem, square planar complexes, d orbital splitting in trigonal bipyramidal, square pyramidal and cubic ligand field environments
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • CFSE, variation of lattice energies, enthalpies of hydration and crystal radii variations in halides of first and second row transition metal series, qualitative aspect of Ligand field theory, MO diagrams of representative coronation complexes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds, isomerism in coordination compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Stereochemistry of complexes with the coordination number 4 and 6, Chelate effect

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 29


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Transition elements
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • General group trends with special reference to electronic configuration, colour, variable valency, magnetic and catalytic properties, and ability to form complexes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Stability of various oxidation states and e.m.f. (Latimer & Bosworth diagrams)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Difference between the first, second and third transition series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Chemistry of Ti, V, Cr Mn, Fe and Co in various oxidation states (excluding their metallurgy)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 30


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Lanthanides and actinides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Electronic configuration, oxidation states, color, spectra and magnetic behavior, lanthanide contraction, separation of lanthanides (ion-exchange method only)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 31


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Bioinorganic chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Metal ions present in biological systems, classification of elements according to their action in biological system
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Geochemical effect on distribution of metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Sodium / K-pump, carbonic anhydrase and carboxypeptidase
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Excess and deficiency of some trace metals
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Toxicity of metal ions (Hg, Pb, Cd and As), toxicity, chelating agents in medicine
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Iron and its application in biosystems, haemoglobin; storage and transfer of iron

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 32


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Organometallic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Definition and classification of organometallic compounds on the basis of bond type
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Concept of hapticity of organic ligands
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Metal carbonyls: 18 electron rule, electron count of mononuclear, polynuclear and substituted metal carbonyls of 3d series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • General methods of preparation (direct combination, reductive carbonylation, thermal and photochemical decomposition) of mono and binuclear carbonyls of 3d series
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Structures of mononuclear and binuclear carbonyls of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni using VBT. pi-acceptor behaviour of CO (MO diagram of CO to be discussed), synergic effect and use of IR data to explain extent of back bonding

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 33


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Basics of organic chemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Organic compounds: Classification, and nomenclature, hybridization, shapes of molecules, influence of hybridization on bond properties
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Electronic displacements: Inductive, electromeric, resonance and mesomeric effects, hyperconjugation and their applications; dipole moment; organic acids and bases; their relative strength
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Homolytic and Heterolytic fission with suitable examples
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Curly arrow rules, formal charges; electrophiles and nucleophiles; nucleophilicity and basicity; types
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Shape and relative stabilities of reaction intermediates (carbocations, carbanions, free radicals and carbenes)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Organic reactions and their mechanism: Addition, elimination and substitution reactions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 34


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Stereochemistry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Concept of asymmetry, fischer projection, Newman and Sawhorse projection formulae and their interconversions; geometrical isomerism- cis, trans and, syn-anti isomers E/Z notations with C.I.P rules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Optical isomerism: Optical activity, specific rotation, chirality/asymmetry, enantiomers, molecules with two or more chiral-centres, diastereoisomers, meso structures, racemic mixtures, relative and absolute configuration-D/L and R/S designations

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 35


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry of aliphatic hydrocarbons
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Carbon-carbon sigma bonds chemistry of alkanes: Formation of alkanes, Wurtz reaction, Wurtz- Fittig reactions, free radical substitutions-halogenation, relative reactivity and selectivity
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Carbon-carbon pi-bonds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Formation of alkenes and alkynes by elimination reactions, mechanism of E1, E2, E1cb reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Saytzeff and Hofmann eliminations
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Reactions of alkenes: Electrophilic additions their mechanisms (Markovnikov/ Anti Markovnikov addition), mechanism of oxymercuration demercuration, hydroboration-oxidation, ozonolysis, reduction (catalytic and chemical)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Syn and anti-hydroxylation (oxidation)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • 1, 2- and 1, 4-addition reactions in conjugated dienes and Diels Alder reaction; Allylic and benzylic bromination and mechanism, e.g. propene, 1-butene, toluene, ethyl benzene
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Reactions of alkynes: Acidity, electrophilic and nucleophilic additions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 36


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Cycloalkanes and conformational analysis
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Cycloalkanes and stability, Baeyer strain theory, conformation analysis, energy diagrams of cyclohexane: Chair, boat and twist boat forms

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 37


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Aromatic hydrocarbons
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Aromaticity: Huckel’s rule, aromatic character of arenes, cyclic carbocations/carbanions and heterocyclic compounds with suitable examples
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Electrophilic aromatic substitution: Halogenation, nitration, sulfonation and Friedel-Crafts alkylation/acylation with their mechanism. Directing effects of substituent group

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 38


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry of halogenated hydrocarbons
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Alkyl halides: Methods of preparation, nucleophilic substitution reactions-SN1, SN2 and SNi mechanisms with stereochemical aspects and effect of solvent etc; nucleophilic substitution vs elimination
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Aryl halides: Preparation, including preparation from diazonium salts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Nucleophilic aromatic substitution; SNAr, benzyne mechanism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Relative reactivity of alkyl, allyl/benzyl, vinyl and aryl halides towards nucleophilic substitution reactions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 39


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Alcohols, phenols, ethers and epoxides
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Alcohols: Preparation, properties and relative reactivity of 1°, 2°, 3° alcohols, Bouveault-Blanc réduction; preparation and properties of glycols-oxidation by periodic acid and lead tetraacetate, pinacolone rearrangement
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Phenols: Preparation and properties; acidity and factors affecting it, Ring substitution reactions, Reimer-Tiemann and Kolbe’s-Schmidt reactions, fries and Claisen rearrangements with mechanism
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Ethers and epoxides: Preparation and reactions with acids. Reactions of epoxides with alcohols, ammonia derivatives and LiAlH4

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 40


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Carbonyl compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Structure, reactivity and preparation; nucleophilic additions, nucleophilic addition-elimination reactions with ammonia derivatives with mechanism; mechanisms of Aldol and Benzoin condensation, Knoevenagel condensation
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Claisen-Schmidt, Perkin, Cannizzaro and wittig reaction, Beckmann and Benzil-Benzilic acid rearrangements, haloform reaction and Baeyer Villiger oxidation, α-substitution reactions
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Oxidations and reductions (Clemmensen, Wolff Kishner, LiAlH4, NaBH4, MPV, PDC and PGC); addition reactions of unsaturated carbonyl compounds-Michael addition
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Active methylene compounds: Keto-enol tautomerism. Preparation and synthetic applications of diethyl malonate and ethyl acetoacetate

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 41


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Carboxylic acids and their derivatives
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Preparation, physical properties and reactions of monocarboxylic acids: Typical reactions of dicarboxylic acids, hydroxy acids and unsaturated acids, succinic/phthalic, lactic, malic, tartaric, citric, maleic and fumaric acids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Preparation and reactions of acid chlorides, anhydrides, esters and amides; comparative study of nucleophilic substitution at acyl group, mechanism of acidic and alkaline hydrolysis of esters
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Claisen condensation, Dieckmann and Reformatsky reactions, Hofmann bromamide degradation and Curtius rearrangement

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 42


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Sulphur containing compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Preparation and reactions of thiols, thioethers and sulphonic acids

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 43


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Nitrogen containing functional groups
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Preparation and important reactions of nitro and compounds, nitriles and isonitriles amines-effect of substituent and solvent on basicity; preparation and properties-Gabriel phthalimide synthesis, Carbylamine reaction
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Mannich reaction, Hoffmann’s exhaustive methylation, Hofmann-elimination reaction; distinction between 1°, 2° and 3° amines with Hinsberg reagent and nitrous acid
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Diazonium salts: Preparation and synthetic applications

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 44


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Polynuclear hydrocarbons
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Reactions of naphthalene phenanthrene and anthracene structure, preparation and structure elucidation and important derivatives of naphthalene and anthracene; polynuclear hydrocarbons

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 45


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Heterocyclic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Classification and nomenclature, Structure, aromaticity in 5-numbered and 6-membered rings containing one heteroatom; synthesis, reactions and mechanism of substitution reactions of furan, Pyrrole
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Knorr pyrrole synthesis, Hantzsch synthesis, Thiophene, Pyridine (Hantzsch synthesis), Pyrimidine, structure elucidation of indole, Fischer indole synthesis and madelung synthesis), structure elucidation of quinoline and isoquinoline
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Skraup synthesis, Friedlander’s synthesis, Knorr quinoline synthesis, Doebner-Miller synthesis, Bischler-Napieralski reaction, Pictet-Spengler reaction, Pomeranz-Fritsch reaction derivatives of furan-Furfural and furoic acid

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 46


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Alkaloids
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Natural occurrence, general structural features, Isolation and their physiological action Hoffman’s exhaustive methylation, Emde modification, structure elucidation and synthesis of hygrine and nicotine
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Medicinal importance of nicotine, hygrine, quinine, morphine, cocaine, and reserpine

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 47


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Terpenes
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Occurrence, classification, isoprene rule; Elucidation of structure and synthesis of Citral, Neral and αterpineol

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 48


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Organic spectroscopy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Basic principles of UV spectroscopy: Application of Woodward-Fieser rule in interpretation of organic compounds-application of visible, ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy in organic molecules
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Basic principles of UV spectroscopy: Electromagnetic radiation, electronic transitions, max & max, chromophore, auxochrome, bathochromic and hypsochromic shifts
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Basic principles of UV spectroscopy: Application of electronic spectroscopy and Woodward rules for calculating λmax of conjugated dienes and α,β-unsaturated compounds

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 49


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Basic principles of IR spectroscopy
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Identification of functional groups of various classes of organic compounds-infrared radiation and types of molecular vibrations, functional group and fingerprint region
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • IR spectra of alkanes, alkenes and simple alcohols (inter and intramolecular hydrogen bonding), aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and their derivatives (effect of substitution on >C=O stretching absorptions)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 50


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              NMR (1H and 13C NMR)
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Application of chemical shifts, splitting of signals, spin coupling and over houser effect in interpretation of NMR spectra, isotopic exchange

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chemistry: Unit 51


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Basic principles mass spectrometry
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Application of fragmentation rule in characterization of organic compounds
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Problems on structure elucidation of organic compounds based on spectral data

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The CUET PG mock test 2025 provides the candidates with an idea about the type of questions asked in the entrance test, level of the difficulty and other important aspects of the exam. CUET PG 2025 mock test will help candidates to work on their weak areas, helps in self-assessment, and develop the exam temperament. The candidates can practise the CUET PG mock test available on the NTA's website. No login credentials are required to practise the NTA CUET mock test 2025 for PG programmes.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              How to take CUET PG 2025 Mock Test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Candidates need to visit the official website

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • The ‘ CUET-PG ’ link will be there on the home page

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Click on that link which will lead to a new tab of CUET PG website

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Check the column ‘ Links ’ on the page CUET PG

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Under the ‘ Links ’ column, one would find tab called ‘Mock Link

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Click on that link to open a new page

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Now you have to Sign In’ to start your mock test

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • After completing the CUET PG mock test, you will be able to check your score

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Candidates must follow the CUET PG preparation tips and strategy religiously till the time of the CUET PG exam 2025. They should make short notes of important formulas, terminology and reactions separately. The students after completing the syllabus are advised to practice the CUET PG 2025 mock test and previous years' question papers. It must be noted that it is important for the candidates to revise all that they have studied at the end just before few days of the PG entrance exam CUET. The PG CUET 2025 preparation strategy provides students a clear roadmap on how to cover the CUET PG 2025 syllabus within the limited period of time and how to perform well in the test.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Candidates who are preparing CUET for PG must have a proper CUET PG exam preparation strategy to qualify the entrance test with good scores as there are very limited number of seats and competition to get a seat in the national level entrance test is very fierce. 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              CUET PG Preparation Tips

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Preparation for the CUET PG 2025 exam should begin as early as possible. This will give candidates ample time to understand the concepts, practice questions and build a strong foundation for the exam from the CUET PG 2025 syllabus. 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Thoroughly go through the CUET PG 2025 syllabus of the exam and prepare a comprehensive study plan.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Practising the CUET PG mock tests is one of the best ways to familiarise yourself with the pattern and difficulty level of the CUET PG 2025 exam.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Practice as many questions as possible to improve your speed and accuracy. This will help candidates to manage time efficiently during the NTA PG CUET 2025 exam.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Utilise the best study materials, such as textbooks, online resources, practice papers, etc. to build a strong knowledge base and prepare for the CUET PG exam 2025.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The National Testing Agency (NTA) has issued the admit card for CUET PG 2025 on March 8 for exams to be held from March 13 to 19. The agency has released the CUET PG admit 2025 for exams from March 20 to 25. The registered candidates can download the NTA CUET PG admit card by entering their login credentials through the CUET PG login. No candidate will be allowed to appear in the CUET PG exam without a proper admit card. Students have to reach the exam centres on time at the date and time mentioned on the CUET PG admit card 2025. In case a candidate is unable to download their CUET 2025 PG admit card from the website, they must inform the NTA CUET PG 2025 helpdesk.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              CUET PG 2025 Advance City Intimation Slip

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The CUET PG city intimation slip 2025 was released on March 6. Candidates can download the city intimation slip for CUET PG 2025 from the official website. Please note that the CUET 2025 admit card is entirely different from the CUET exam city intimation slip. The city intimation slip of CUET 2025 PG contains a number of details such as candidate's name, parent's name, roll number, signature, photograph, etc. Candidates who have successfully completed the application and made payment will get the CUET PG exam city slip from the CUET official website.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Details Mentioned on the CUET PG 2025 Admit Card

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The admit card of NTA CUET PG 2025 is an important document which every applicant must have to attend the NTA CUET PG 2025 exam. Candidates will find the below details on PG CUET admit card:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Photograph and Signature

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Name of candidate

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Gender

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Roll Number

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Subject of exam

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Duration of examination

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Medium of examination

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Name and address of exam centre

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Centre code

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Reporting time

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Any discrepancies found in the admit card of PG CUET 2025 must be reported to the authority immediately.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The NTA will release the CUET PG provisional answer key 2025 in April, in online mode. Candidates can download the CUET PG answer key pdf by visiting the official website. The changes considered by the CUET PG NTA are considered final and the NTA releases the final answer key after taking all the valid considerations.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              How to Download CUET PG 2025 Answer Key ?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visit the CUET PG official website

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Candidates need to select the CUET PG answer key on the homepage section.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Enter the login credentials in the answer key login window.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • The CUET 2025 PG answer key in the form of a PDF will appear on the screen.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Download and check the answers in the CUET PG 2025 answer key.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              .

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The CUET PG Examination for 2024 was conducted from March 11 to March 28. As of February 10, around 4.6 lakh students have registered for CUET PG exam. As the exam has yet to take place, no analysis of the CUET PG 2024 exam is available. For reference, candidates can look at the analysis of previous years' CUET PG exams.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              CUET PG 2024 - Phase wise Statistics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The CUET PG 2024 exam was held from March 11 to 28, in online mode.     According to the NTA, a total number of 7,68,414 candidates were registered for the CUET PG exam 2024. A total of 5,77,400 students appeared for the examination. 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Category-wise registered and appeared candidates

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Category 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Registered

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Appeared

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              EWS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              68910

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              53434

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              General

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              289039

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              214637

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              OBC

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              269830

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              204781

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              SC

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              84661

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              63866

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ST

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              55974

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              40682

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Total

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              768414

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              577400


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Gender-wise registered and appeared candidates

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Category 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Registered

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Appeared

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Female

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              415350

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              315788

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Male

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              353044

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              261608

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Third Gender

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              20

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              04

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Total

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              768414

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              577400


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              CUET PG 2023 - Phase wise Statistics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              According to the NTA, The CUET PG exam 2023 was conducted in two phases due to the increase in the number of students who applied for CUET PG 2023 exam. The total number of candidates who appeared for CUET PG exam 2023 phase - 1 , which was held from June 05 to 17 were 8.3 Lakhs. In phase - 2, the total number of students who appeared for CUET PG 2023 exam phase - 2 conducted from June 22 to July 6 was 46 thousand. In total, the total number of candidates who appeared for the CUET PG 2023 in both phase - 1 and phase - 2 were around 8.77 Lakhs.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Examination

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Phase

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Dates of Examination

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              No. of Candidates with multiple Test Papers (Approx. 8.77 lacs)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Common University Entrance Test CUET (PG) - 2023

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Phase 1

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13,

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              14, 15, 16, and 17 June 2023

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              8.3 Lacs (Approx.)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Phase 2

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 30 June

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2023, and 02, 05, and 06 July 2023

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              46 Thousand (Approx.)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The National Testing Agency will declare the NTA CUET PG result 2025 in April, in online mode. Candidates, please note that the result of CUET PG 2025 will be valid only for academic session 2025-2026. The NTA CUET PG scorecard can also be downloaded from the official website of NTA CUET PG 2025. The CUET PG score card 2025 contains separate scores for both of the sections.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              CUET PG Normalization Process 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The CUET normalization process is based on the percentile score. The normalization process of CUET for PG courses is aimed to provide a level playing ground for all the candidates as the exams are held on different dates and there could be some variations in the difficulty level of the CUET PG exams, despite of all the efforts by the NTA administration.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              CUET PG Percentile Scores: The percentile scores of the candidates are scores based on the relative performance of all those who appeared for the CUET PG entrance examination. The marks obtained are transformed into a scale ranging from 100 to 0 for each session.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Percentile score calculation: 100 X Number of candidates appeared in the session‟ with raw score EQUAL TO OR LESS than the candidate/ Total number of the students who appeared in the ‟Session‟

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              CUET PG Marks vs Percentile

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The CUET PG marks vs. percentile is a comparison of how the marks obtained by a student in the CUET PG exam is related to their percentile score. The NTA PG CUET percentile score is a measure of the percentage of students who achieved a score lower than the one obtained by the student. To calculate the percentile score of a student, you need to first add up the total number of students who appeared for the exam. Then, divide this total number by the number of students who achieved a score lower than the student in question. The resulting figure is the percentile score of the student.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The students must score the percentile marks equal or above the CUET PG 2025 cut off to be eligible for admission. Candidates can check the expected CUET cut-off to get an idea about the percentile marks they need to score to get admission in the participating colleges of the CUET PG 2025. The cutoff of CUET PG 2025 is the minimum marks that candidates have to obtain to qualify the NTA CUET PG entrance test. CUET PG college list helps the candidates to know which colleges are participating. The CUET expected cut off is prepared on the basis of the last few years' cut off marks for qualifying marks.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              CUET PG 2024 Category wise Seat Relaxation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Category

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Reservation

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              SC

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              15%

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ST

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              7.5%

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              OBC-NCL

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              27%

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              PWD

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              5%

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              General EWS

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              10%

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              CUET Expected Cutoff 2025 for Central University of Rajasthan

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The below table shows the CUET for masters expected cutoff

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Courses

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              UR (Percentile)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              OBC (Percentile)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              SC (Percentile)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ST (Percentile)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              EWS (Percentile)


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              M.Sc. Physics


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              28.37-32.02


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              28-32.03


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              29.20-32.25


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              30.30-32.63


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              28.56-32.30

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              MA Hindi

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              27.60-31.46

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              29.20-33.17

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              28.30-32.30

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              31.50-35.33

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              35.50-39.50

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              MA English

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              28-31.08

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              28.10-32.37

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              28.26-32.49

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              30.33-33.43

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              34-37.71

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              MA Economics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              28.20-31.11

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              28.70-32.43

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              29-32.77

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              30.30-34.35

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              31-34.00

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              MA Social Work

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              28.13-32.13

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              29.10-32.51

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              30-33.82

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              32.80-37.29

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              31-33.43

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              M.Sc. Chemistry

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              28-32.02

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              28.80-32.05

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              29.29-32.29

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              29.50-32.56

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              29.50-32.14

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              M.Sc. Mathematics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              28.20-32.03

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              29-32.03

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              29.50-32.07

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              29-32.12

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              30-33.17

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              M.Sc. Computer Science

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              29-32.16

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              28.12-32.46

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              30.30-33.11

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              33.33-37.71

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              30.20-33.25

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              M.Sc. Microbiology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              29-32.00

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              28.33-32.05

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              28.50-32.14

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              28.90-32.53

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              29-32.38

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              M.Sc. Atmospheric Science

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              29.40-32.32

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              28.80-32.65

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              28.56-32.77

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              48.50-52.00

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              28.60-32.00

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              M.Sc. Biotechnology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              27.80-32.01

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              28.32.06

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              28.05-32.05

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              29-32.58

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              27.98-32.43

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              M.Com. Commerce

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              28.40-32.04

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              27.98-32.21

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              30.15-33.25

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              32.30-35.33

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              34-37.71

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              MBA (Master of Business Administration)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              29-32.01

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              28-32.14

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              29.15-32.15

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              30-33.43

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              28.50-32.68

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              M.Sc. Biochemistry

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              28-32.02

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              28-32.02

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              28.10-32.10

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              29.56-32.56

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              28-32.59

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              CUET Expected Cutoff 2025 for Central University of Karnataka

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              UR (Percentile)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              40

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              SC (Percentile)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              35

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ST (Percentile)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              35

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              EWS (Percentile)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              35

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              CUET 2025 Expected Cut Off for Mahatma Gandhi Central University

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The below table shows the expected cutoff list CUET for MSc and MBA.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Courses

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              UR (Percentile)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              OBC (Percentile)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              SC (Percentile)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              ST (Percentile)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              EWS (Percentile)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              MSc. Biotechnology


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              73-78


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              58-62

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              35-39


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              35-39


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              NA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              MSc. Physics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              59-64

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              60-65

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              NA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              NA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              30-33

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              MSc. Chemistry

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              58-62

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              58-63

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              35-39

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              35-39

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              NA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              MSc. Zoology

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              78-82

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              78-82

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              53-58

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              53-58

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              31-35

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              MSc. Botany

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              70-74

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              70-75

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              53-58

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              53-58

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              43-47

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              MBA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              53-58

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              53-58

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              NA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              NA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              61-65

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Documents Required at CUET PG 2025 counselling

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Common University Entrance Test (PG) 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Reserved category certificate
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • CUET PG admit card
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Class 12 marksheet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Class 10 marksheet
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Migration certificate

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Candidates can ace the Common University Entrance Test 2025 by downloading the previous year's CUET PG question papers. Going through the CUET question papers for PG programmes will give a better understanding of the exam pattern, the types of questions asked and the important topics covered. Candidates can access the CUET PG question paper pdf download link from the official website.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              How to Download CUET PG Question Papers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Visit the official NTA website.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Navigate to the " Download " section.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Select the year and course or subject for which you want to download the question paper.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              • Click on the “ Download ” button to save the question paper to your computer.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              General Information

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Contacts

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              011-69227700 , 011-40759000

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Relevant Links

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Official Website Link Click Here + 2 more
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              AMITY University | MA Admissions 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Ranked amongst the top 3% of universities globally (QS Rankings)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Chandigarh University Admissions 2025

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Ranked #1 Among all Private Indian Universities in QS Asia Rankings 2025 | Scholarships worth 210 CR

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Frequently Asked Questions

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. When will CUET PG 2025 admit card be out?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The National Testing Agency has issued the CUET PG exam admit card 2025 on March 8 at exams.nta.ac.in/CUET-PG/.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. Does CUET PG have negative marking?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Yes, the CUET examination for PG courses will have negative marking. For each incorrect answer, one mark is deducted in CUET PG exam.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              3. When will CUET PG 2025 application correction window open?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              CUET PG application correction window 2025 was opened on February 10. Candidates could make changes till February 12.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              4. What is the last date to pay CUET PG application fees 2025?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Students could pay the application fee till the last date of CUET PG 2025 application fees till February 9.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              5. What is CUET PG last date 2025?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The CUET PG 2025 last date was February 8.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              6. When to register for CUET PG 2025?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The CUET PG 2025 registration started on January 2 in online mode. Candidates were able to fill out the CUET PG form 2025 by visiting the official website before February 8.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              7. How much score is required in CUET PG?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              A score of 650 is generally considered good, while scores between 650 and 700 are considered very good. Scores of 700 or higher are considered excellent.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              8. What is the type of questions in CUET PG 2025 exam?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The CUET PG 2025 exam consists of multiple-choice questions.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              9. How many times can you appear for CUET PG?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              There are no restrictions on the number of attempts for the CUET PG 2025 exam. As long as they meet the eligibility criteria, candidates can attempt the exam as many times as they wish.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              10. Who is the conducting authority of CUET PG 2025?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The National Testing Agency (NTA) is the conducting authority of CUET PG 2025 exam.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              11. When should I apply for CUET PG 2025?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The National Testing Agency (NTA) released the CUET PG 2025 application form on January 2. Candidates could visit the official website to apply for CUET PG 2025 till the last date of registration process at exams.nta.ac.in/CUET-PG/ .

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              12. How many times is CUET PG conducted in a year?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The NTA will conduct the CUET PG exam once in a year to offer admissions for various PG programmes across India. 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              13. What is the eligibility criteria of CUET PG 2025?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Candidate's age is not a barrier for appearing in CUET 2025 or PG programmes. Candidates who have completed the bachelor’s degree/equivalent examination or are appearing in 2025 can appear in CUET PG.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              14. How many questions are on the CUET PG exam?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              A total of 75 questions are asked in CUET PG exam 2025.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              15. When will the CUET PG 2025 city intimation be released?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The NTA has released the CUET PG city intimation slip 2025 on March 6.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              16. What is the marking scheme for CUET 2025 PG examination?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              For every correct answer, candidates receive 5 marks. Incorrect answers result in a deduction of 1 mark in CUET PG 2025.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              17. What is the basic eligibility criteria of CUET PG 2025?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              The candidates must have qualified bachelor's programme to be eligible for CUET PG entrance test. Those students who are awaiting for their final year bachelor's result can also apply for CUET PG 2025.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              18. Is CUET PG twice a year?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              No, Common University Entrance Test PG or CUET PG is conducted once a year.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Questions related to CUET PG

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Have a question related to CUET PG ?

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Hello, generally, 10th and 12th marksheets are not required in universities for PG courses.  their primary focus is on your undergraduate degree and any enterence exam or interviews. however some universities can ask for the marksheets.


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Hello aspirant,

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Unfortunately, there might be a limited number of dedicated Hindi language books specifically for the CUET PG (COQP11) entrance exam.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              However, you can explore these options:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1. General Hindi Language Books:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              * Focus on grammar, vocabulary, and literature: These books will provide a strong foundation for the language section.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              * Consider authors like:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              * Vishnu Prabhakar

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              * Premchand

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              * Jayashankar Prasad

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              * Nirala

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              * Mahadevi Varma

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2. CUET PG General Paper Books:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              * Some books for the general paper section (COQP11) might include Hindi language questions. Look for books that cover:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              * Reading comprehension

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              * Grammar

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              * Vocabulary

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              3. Online Resources and Mock Tests:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              * Many online platforms offer practice questions and mock tests for CUET PG.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              * Utilize these resources to improve your Hindi language skills.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Recommended Books (General Hindi):

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              While not specifically for CUET PG, these books can be helpful:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              * Arihant Hindi Grammar and Composition

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              * Objective General Hindi by Rakesh Yadav

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              * Lucent's General Hindi


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Greeting Student,

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              To downland cuet pg. Hindi previous year question paper click on the attached link and select year, exam type -P.G and Subject -Hindi literature and click on search. NTA official website (https://nta.ac.in/Downloads)

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Thank you and all the best.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Hello

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              If you have completed the application processthen you can download the admit card from the CUET admit card download direct link provided in the official website (exams.nta.ac.in). You can download the admit card and take a print out of it. The NTA will release the CUET UG Admit card 2024 in online mode in the second week of May 2024.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              You can know more about the CUET UG 2024 using the below link.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              https://university.careers360.com/articles/cuet-admit-card


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Hello,


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              There are a wide variety of courses offered by University in Kerala. All these courses or programs have great scope. After 12th commerce, consider these courses in Kerala universities:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              1) B.Com

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              2) BBA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              3) Bachelor of Economics

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              4) BHM

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              5) LLB

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              6) BCA

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              7) BMCJ


                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Hope this helps,

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Thank you

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              View All
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Back to top
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Ask
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Question
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Loading...

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Student Community: Where Questions Find Answers

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              Ask and get expert answers on exams, counselling, admissions, careers, and study options.