NCET 2026: Application Form (Released), Exam Date (April 17), Admission, Latest Updates

Accountancy/ Book keeping: Unit 01

• Accounting not-for-profit organisation: Not-for-profit organization-(a) meaning and examples. (b) Receipts and payments-meaning and concept of fund-based and non-fund-based accounting
• Accounting not-for-profit organisation: (c) Preparation of income and expenditure account and balance sheet from receipt and payment account with additional information
• Accounting for partnership: (a) Nature of partnership firm-partnership deed (meaning, importance). (b) Final accounts of partnership-fixed v/s fluctuating capital, division of profit among partners, profit, and loss appropriation account
• Reconstitution of partnership: Changes in profit sharing ratio among the existing partners-sacrificing ratio and gaining ratio. (a) Accounting for revaluation of assets and liabilities and distribution of reserves and accumulated profits
• Reconstitution of partnership: (b) Goodwill-nature, factors affecting and methods of valuation-average profit, super profit, multiplier, and capitalization methods
• Reconstitution of partnership: (c) Admission of a partner-effect of admission of a partner, change in profit sharing ratio, the accounting treatment for goodwill, revaluation of assets and liability, reserve accumulated profits, and adjustment of capital
• Reconstitution of partnership: (d) Retirement/ death of a partner-change in profit sharing ratio, accounting treatment of goodwill, revaluation of assets and liabilities, adjustment of accumulated profits (reserves)
• Dissolution of partnership firm: Meaning, settlement of accounts-preparation of realization account and related accounts (excluding piecemeal distribution, sale to a company, and insolvency of a partner)

Accountancy/ Book keeping: Unit 02

• Accounting for share and debenture capital: (a) Share capital-meaning, nature, and types. (b) Accounting for share capital-issue and allotment of equity and preference shares; oversubscription and under subscription
• Accounting for share and debenture capital: (b) Issue at par, premium, and at discount; calls in advance, calls in arrears, issue of shares for consideration other than cash
• Accounting for share and debenture capital: (c) Forfeiture of shares-accounting treatment, re-issue of forfeited shares. (d) Presentation of shares and debentures capital in the company’s balance sheet
• Accounting for share and debenture capital: (e) Issue of debenture-at par, premium, and discount; issue of debentures for consideration other than cash. (f) Redemption of the debenture
• Accounting for share and debenture capital: (g) Out of proceeds of fresh issue, accumulated profits, and sinking fund
• Analysis of financial statements: (a) Financial statements of a company-preparation of simple financial statements of a company in the prescribed form with major headings only. (b) Financial analysis-meaning, significance, purpose, limitations
• Analysis of financial statements: (c) Tools for financial analysis-comparative statements, common size statements. (d) Accounting ratios-meaning and objectives, types of ratios-liquidity ratios-current ratio, liquidity ratio
• Analysis of financial statements: (d) Solvency ratio-debt to equity, total assets to debt, proprietary ratio. Activity ratio-inventory turnover, debtors turnover, payables turnover, working capital turnover, fixed assets turnover, current assets turnover
• Analysis of financial statements: (d) Profitability ratio-gross profit, operating ratio, net profit ratio, return on investment, earnings per share, dividend per share, profit earning ratio
• Statement of changes in financial position: Cash flow statement-meaning and objectives, preparation, adjustments related to depreciation, dividend and tax, sale and purchase of non-current assets (as per revised standard issued by ICAI)

Accountancy/ Book keeping: Unit 03

• Overview of computerized accounting system: (a) Concept and types of computerized accounting system (CAS). (b) Features of a computerized accounting system. (c) Structure of a computerized accounting system
• Using a computerized accounting system: (a) Steps in the installation of CAS, preparation of chart of accounts, codification, and hierarchy of account heads. (b) Data entry, data validation, and data verification
• Using a computerized accounting system: (c) Adjusting entries, preparation of financial statements, closing entries, and opening entries
• Using a computerized accounting system: (d) Security of CAS and security features are generally available in CAS (students are expected to understand and practice the entire accounting process using an accounting package
• Accounting using database management system (DBMS): Concepts of DBMS. Objects in DBMS-tables, queries, forms, reports. (b) Creating data tables for accounting
• Accounting using database management system (DBMS): (c) Using queries, forms, and reports for generating accounting information. Applications of DBMS in generating accounting information such as shareholders’ records, sales reports
• Accounting using database management system (DBMS): (c) Customers’ profiles, suppliers’ profiles payroll, employees’ profiles, and petty cash registers
• Accounting applications of electronic spreadsheets: (a) Concept of an electronic spreadsheet (ES). (b) Features offered by electronic spreadsheet
• Accounting applications of electronic spreadsheets: (c) Applications of electronic spreadsheet in generating accounting information, preparing depreciation schedules, loan repayment schedules, payroll accounting, and other such

Agriculture: Unit 01

• Agrometeorology: Elements of weather-rainfall, temperature, humidity, wind velocity, sunshine weather forecasting, climate change in relation to crop production
• Genetics & plant breeding: (a) Cell and its structure, cell division-mitosis and meiosis and their significance (b) The organization of the genetic materials in chromosomes, DNA, and RNA
• Genetics & plant breeding: (c) Mendel’s laws of inheritance. Reasons for the success of Mendel in his experiments, absence of linkage in Mendel’s experiments. (d) Quantitative inheritance, continuous and discontinuous variation in plants
• Genetics & plant breeding: (e) Monogenic and polygenic inheritance. (f) Role of genetics in plant breeding, self and cross-pollinated crops, methods of breeding in field crops-introduction, selection, hybridization
• Genetics & plant breeding: (f) Mutation and polyploidy, tissue and cell culture. (g) Plant biotechnology-definition and scope in crop production
• Biochemistry: pH and buffers, classification and nomenclature of carbohydrates; proteins; lipids; vitamins, and enzymes
• Microbiology: Microbial cell structure, microorganisms-algae, bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, protozoa, and viruses. Role of microorganisms in respiration, fermentation, and organic matter decomposition

Agriculture: Unit 02

• Scope and importance: (a) Importance of livestock in agriculture and industry, the white revolution in India. (b) Important breeds Indian and exotic, distribution of cows, buffaloes, and poultry in India
• Care and management: (a) Systems of cattle and poultry housing, (b) principles of feeding, and feeding practices. Balanced ration definition and ingredients
• Care and management: (d) Management of calves, bullocks, pregnant and milch animals as well as chicks cockerels and layers, and poultry
• Care and management: (e) Signs of sick animals, symptoms of common diseases in cattle and poultry, rinderpest, black quarter, foot and mouth, mastitis and haemorrhagic septicemia coccidiosis, Fowl pox and Ranikhet disease, their prevention, and control
• Artificial insemination: Reproductive organs, collection, dilution, and preservation of semen and artificial insemination, the role of artificial insemination in cattle improvement. Livestock products-processing and marketing of milk and milk products

Agriculture: Unit 03

• Introduction: (a) Targets and achievements in foodgrain production in India since independence and its future projections, sustainable crop production, commercialization of agriculture, and its scope in India
• Introduction: (b) Classification of field crops based on their utility-cereals, pulses, oils seeds, fiber, sugar, and forage crops
• Soil, soil fertility, fertilizers, and manures: (a) Soil, soil pH, soil texture, soil structure, soil organisms, soil tilth, soil fertility, and soil health. (b) Essential plant nutrients, their functions, and deficiency symptoms
• Soil, soil fertility, fertilizers, and manures: (c) Soil types of India and their characteristics. (d) Organic manure, common fertilizers including straight, complex, fertilizer mixtures and biofertilizers; integrated nutrient management system
• Irrigation and drainage: (a) Sources of irrigation (rain, canals, tanks, rivers, wells, tubewells). (b) Scheduling Of irrigation based on critical stages of growth, time interval, soil moisture content, and weather parameters
• Irrigation and drainage: (c) Water requirement of crops. (d) Methods of irrigation and drainage. (e) Watershed management
• Weed control: Principles of weed control, methods of weed control (cultural, mechanical, chemical, biological, and integrated weed management)
• Crops: Seedbed preparation, seed treatment, time and method of sowing/ planting, seed rate; dose, method, and time of fertilizer application, irrigation, intercultural and weed control; common pests and diseases, caused by bacteria
• Crops: Fungi virus, and nematode, and their control, integrated pest management, harvesting, threshing, postharvest technology: storage, processing, and marketing of major field crops-rice, wheat
• Crops: Maize, sorghum, pearl millet, groundnut, mustard, pigeon-pea, gram, sugarcane, cotton, and berseem

Agriculture: Unit 04

• Importance of fruits and vegetables in the human diet, crop diversification & processing industry. (b) Orchard-location and layout, ornamental gardening, and kitchen garden
• (e) Cultivation practices, processing, and marketing of (i) fruits-mango, papaya, banana, guava, citrus, grapes. (ii) Vegetables-Radish, carrot, potato, onion, cauliflower, brinjal, tomato, spinach, and cabbage

Agriculture: Unit 05

• Preliminary knowledge of Human Genetics. Mendel’s laws of heredity monohybrid and Dihybrid ratio
• Definition of race and racial criteria, the significance of skin color, eye form and colour, headform, and ABo blood groups as racial criteria
• Racial classification,distinctive physical features, and geographical distribution of the major racial groups of man-caucasoid, mongoloid, Negroid, and Australoid

Agriculture: Unit 06

• Tool making: Techniques of manufacturing core and flake tools, primary and secondary flaking, pressure flaking, grinding, and polishing. Material used in making prehistoric tools
• Tool Families: Pebbletools, handaxes, cleavers, scrapers, microliths, points, blades, awl, gravers, celts, sickles, spearhead, arrowhead, and bone tools
• Prehistoric cultures: A brief outline of the following prehistoric cultures of the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic periods
• A comparative study of the salient features of paleolithic and neolithic cultures

Agriculture: Unit 07

• Economic life-meaning and aspects, characteristic features of the primitive or simple economic system
• Subsistence economy: Domestication of animals-pastoralism, agriculture-shifting cultivation, horticulture, terrace cultivation, and plough cultivation

Agriculture: Unit 08

• Social anthropology: (i) Family-definition, forms,and types-nuclear family, joint family, a family of orientation, a family of procreation, monogamous, and polygamous (polygynous and polyandrous). (ii) Clustered relationship in a nuclear family
• Ethnography: (i) A brief outline of the land and people of North-East India. (ii) Study of material culture and economic life of the following communities (iii) The garo-shifting or jhum cultivation. (iv) The mishing-plough cultivation
• Ethnography: (v) A study of the social organization of the Ao Naga and the Apatani
• Definition of race and racial criteria, the significance of skin color, eye form and colour, headform, and ABo blood groups as racial criteria
• Ecology: (iv) Man asthemain agent to disturb the ecological balance

Anthropology: Unit 01

• Preliminary knowledge of Human Genetics. Mendel’s laws of heredity monohybrid and Dihybrid ratio
• Definition of Race And Racial criteria, the significance of skin color, Eye for mand colour, Headform, and ABo blood groups as racial criteria
• Racial classification, distinctive physical features, and geographical distribution of the major racial groups of man-caucasoid, mongoloid, negroid, and australoid

Anthropology: Unit 02

• Tool making: Techniques of manufacturing core and flake tools, primary and secondary flaking, pressure flaking, grinding, and polishing. Material used in making prehistoric tools
• Tool Families: Pebbletools, handaxes, cleavers, scrapers, microliths, points, blades, awl, gravers, celts, sickles, spearhead, arrowhead, and bone tools
• Prehistoric cultures: A brief outline of the following prehistoric cultures of the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic periods
• A comparative study of the salient features of paleolithic and neolithic cultures

Anthropology: Unit 03

• Economic life: Meaning and aspects, characteristic feature of the primitive or simple economic system
• Subsistence economy: Domestication of animals-pastoralism, agriculture-shifting cultivation, horticulture, terrace cultivation, and plough cultivation
• A brief outline of the method of hunting, fishing, and agriculture with reference to various communities of North East India as far as practicable

Anthropology: Unit 04

• Social anthropology: (i) family-definition, forms, and types-nuclear family, joint family, a family of orientation, a family of procreation, monogamous, and polygamous (polygynous and polyandrous). (ii) Clustered relationship in a nuclear family
• Social anthropology: Rules of residence-patrilocal, matrilocal, neolocal, avancolocal, bi-local, matri patrilocal. Rules Of Descent-patrilineal and matrilineal descent. (iv) Functions of family, social nature of family
• Ethnography: (i) A Brief outline of the land and people of North-East India. (ii) Study of material culture and economic life of the following communities (iii) The Garo-shifting or Jhum cultivation
• Ethnography: (iv) The mishing-plough cultivation. (v) Study of the social organization of the Ao Naga and the Apatani

Anthropology: Unit 05

• Meaning and definition of ecology and environment
• Elements of the environment:Solid, liquid, and gas
• Physical or abiotic environment, biological or biotic environment, and sociocultural environment
• Man asthemain agent to disturb the ecological balance

Art education sculpture: Unit 01

• Introduction to Indian miniature Schools: Western-Indian, Pala, Rajasthani, Mughal, Central India, Deccan, and Pahari
• The Rajasthani Schools: Origin and development of the following Schools inbrief-Mewar, Bundi, Bikaner, Kishangarh, and Jaipur, and the main features of the Rajasthani Schools
• Study of the following rajasthani paintings: (a) A folio from Ramayana paintings of Sahibdin (Mewar), (b) One court scene hunting scene or festival scene(Mewar Jagat Singh II), (c) One folio from Ragamala or Rasikapriya (Bundi)
• Study of the following rajasthani paintings: (c) One painting of a hunting scene in a forest Kotah with Kotah Maharaja (Kotah with Kotah), (d) Pabuji Ki Phad, Folk Scroll painting (Bhilwara), (e) Radha (Bani-Thani) by (Nihal Chand Kishangarh)
• The Pahari Schools: Origin and development of Basohli, Guler, and Kangra Schools in brief and main features of the Pahari Schools
• Study of the following pahari paintings: One Folio of Ramayana (sangri early phase)-(Basohli), (b) One folio of Gita Govinda of Jayadeva by Manaku(Guler), (c) One Krishna Lila or Bhagavata Purana Sukh (Kangra Folio by Nain)
• Study of the following pahari paintings: (d) One painting from Nayaka Nayika Baramasa or Ragamala(Guler Kangra or), (e) Krishna with Gopis (Basohli), (f) Nand, Yashoda, and Krishna with Kinsmen, going to Vrindavana (Kangra)

Art education sculpture: Unit 02

• The Mughal school: Origin and development of the Mughal School in brief and main features of the Mughal school
• Study of the following Mughal paintings: (a) A folio from Akbar Namah (Painter-Basawan, School-Akbar), (b)Babur crossing the river Sone(Painter-Jagannath, School-Akbar), (c) Jahangir holding the picture(Painter-Abul Hassan, School-Jahangir)
• Study of the following Mughal paintings: (d) Falcon on Bird-Rest(Painter-Ustad Mansoor, School-Jahangir), (e)Kabir and Raidas, marriage procession of Dara Shikoh (Painter-Ustad Faqir Ullah Khan, School-Shajahan)
• Study of the following Mughal paintings: (f) Marriage procession of Dara Shikoh (Painter-Haji Madni, School-Provincial, Mughal(Oudh)
• The Deccan School: Origin and development of the Deccan school and main features of the deccan school
• Study of the following Deccan paintings: Ibrahim Adil Shah of Bijapur(Bijapur), Raga Hindola(Ahmednagar), Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya and Amir Khusro (Hyderabad), Chand Bibi playing Polo (Chaugan)-(Golconda), Ragini Pat-hamsika ( Ahmednagar)

Art education sculpture: Unit 03

• New era in Indian art introduction
• Study of the following paintings: (i) Rama Vanquishing the pride of the Ocean (Raja Ravi Verma),(ii) Journey’s End, Journey’s End (Rabindranath Tagore), (iii) Parthasarathy (Nandlal Bose), (iv) Ghalib’s poetry painting is based on (M.A.R. Chughtai)
• Study of the following paintings: (v) Select a cubist painting (Gaganendranath Tagore), (vi) Mother and child (Jamini Roy), (vii) Female face (Rabindranath Tagore), (viii) Hill women (Amrita Shergill)
• National flag and the symbolic significance of its forms and colours
• Contribution of Indian artists in the struggle for National Freedom Movement
• Tiller of the soil Nandalal Bose

Art education sculpture: Unit 04

• Paintings: (i) Mother Teresa (M.F. Hussain), (ii) Birth of Poetry (K.K. Hebbar), (iii) Gossip (N.S. Bendre), (iv)Tantric Painting (G.R. Santosh), (v) Words and images (K.C.S. Pannikar)
• Paintings: (vi) Rama Vanquishing the Pride of the Ocean(Raja Ravi Varma), (vii) Mother and child( Jamini Roy), (viii) Haldi Grinders(Amrita Sher Gil), (ix) The Vulture (Kamlesh Dutt Pande)

Art education sculpture: Unit 05

• Study of the following sculptures: (i) Triumph of labour (D. P. Roychowdhury), (ii) Triumph of labour (Ramkinker Vaij), (iii) Standing woman (Dhanraj Bhagat), (iv) Cries unheard(Amar, Nath Sehgal), (v) Ganesha figure (P.V.Janakiram)
• Study of the following sculptures: (vi) Dhanpal( (Sankho Chaudhuri), (vii) Chaturmukhi (Aekka Yada Giri Rao)

Art education sculpture: Unit 06

• Whirlpool (Krishna Reddy)
• Children (Somnath Hore)
• Devi (Jyoti Bhatt )
• Of walls (Anupam Sud)
• Man, woman and tree (K. Laxma Goud)

Biology: Unit 01

• Salient features and classification of animals-non-chordate up to phyla level and chordate up to class level (three to five salient features and at least two examples)
• Reproduction, a characteristic feature of all organisms for continuation of species; modes of reproduction-asexual and sexual; asexual reproduction; modes-binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule, fragmentation; vegetative propagation in plants
• Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination-types, agencies, and examples; outbreeding devices; Pollen-Pistil interaction; double fertilization; postfertilization events
• Development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; Special modes-apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; significance of seed and fruit formation. Human Reproduction-male and female reproductive system
• Gametogenesis-spermatogenesis & oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilization, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (Elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea)
• Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STD); birth control-need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis
• Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies-IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness)

Biology: Unit 02

• Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from mendelism-incomplete dominance, codominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance
• Chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; sex determination-in humans,birds, honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance Haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans-Thalassemia
• Chromosomal disorders in humans; down’syndrome, Turner’s and Klinefelter's syndromes
• Molecular basis of inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; central dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation
• Gene expression and regulation-Lac Operon; Genome and human genome project; DNA fingerprinting
• Evolution: origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (paleontological, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidence); Darwin’s contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution
• Mechanism of evolution-variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy Weinberg’principle; Adaptive radiation; human evolution

Biology: Unit 03

• Health and disease: Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (Malaria, Filariasis, Ascariasis, Typhoid, Pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ringworm); basic concepts of immunology-vaccines; Cancer, HIV and AIDs; Adolescence, drug, and alcohol abuse
• Improvement in food production: Plant breeding, tissue culture,single cell protein, biofortification; apiculture and animal husbandry
• Microbes In human welfare:In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers

Biology: Unit 04

• Principles and process of biotechnology: Genetic engineering (recombinant DNA technology)
• Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms-bt crops;transgenic animals; biosafety issues biopiracy and patents

Biology: Unit 05

• Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche; population and ecological adaptations; population interactions-mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution
• Ecosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy; nutrient cycling (carbon and phosphorous); ecological succession; ecological services-carbon fixation, pollination, oxygen release
• Biodiversity and its conservation: Concept of biodiversity; patterns of biodiversity; importance of biodiversity; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, red data book, biosphere reserves
• Biodiversity and its conservation: National parks, and sanctuaries
• Environmental issues: Air pollution and its control; water pollution and its control; agrochemicals and their effects; solid waste management; radioactive waste management; greenhouse effect and global warming
• Environmental issues: Ozone depletion; deforestation; any three case studies as success stories addressing environmental issues

Business studies: Unit 01

• Nature and significance of management: Management-concept, objectives, importance. Nature of management; management as science, art, profession. Levels of management-top, middle supervisory (first level)
• Nature and significance of management: Management functions-planning, organizing, staffing, directing, and controlling. Coordination-nature, and importance
• Principles of management: Principles of management-meaning, nature, and significance. Fayol’s principles of management. Taylor’s scientific management-principles and techniques
• Business environment: Business environment-meaning and importance. Dimensions of business environment-economic, social, technological, political, and legal
• Business environment: Economic environment in India; impact of government policy changes on business and industry, with special reference to the adoption of the policies of liberalization privatization, and globalization
• Planning: Meaning, features, importance, and limitations. Planning process. Types of plans-objectives, strategy, policy, procedure, method, rule, budget, programme
• Organising: Meaning and importance. Steps in the process of organizing. Structure of organization-functional, and divisional. Formal and informal organization
• Organising: Delegation-meaning elements and importance. Decentralization-meaning and importance. Difference between delegation and decentralization
• Staffing: Meaning, need, and importance of staffing. Staffing as a part of human resources management. Steps in the staffing process. Recruitment-meaning and sources. Selection-meaning and process
• Staffing: Training and development-meaning, need, methods-on-the-job and off-the-job methods of training
• Directing: Meaning, importance, and principles. Elements of direction-(a) supervision-meaning and importance-motivation-meaning and importance, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs; financial and non-financial incentives
• Directing: Elements of direction-leadership-meaning, importance; qualities of a good leader. Communication-meaning and importance, formal and informal communication; barriers to effective communication
• Controlling: Meaning and importance. Relationship between planning and controlling. Steps in the process of control. Techniques of controlling

Business studies: Unit 02

• Business finance: Business finance-meaning, role, objectives of financial management. Financial planning-meaning and importance. Capital structure-meaning and factors. Fixed and working capital-meaning and factors affecting their requirements
• Financial markets: Concept of financial market-money market-natural instruments; capital market-nature and types-primary and secondary market. The distinction between capital market and money market
• Financial markets: Stock exchange-meaning, functions, NSEI, OCTEI, trading procedure. Securities and exchange board of India (SEBI)-objectives, functions
• Marketing: Marketing-meaning, functions, role. The distinction between marketing and selling. Marketing mix-concept and elements-product-nature, classification, branding, labeling, and packaging
• Marketing: Physical distribution-meaning, role; channels of distribution, meaning, types, factors, determining the choice of channels. Promotion-meaning and role, promotion mix, role of advertising and personal selling; objections to advertising
• Marketing: Price-factors influencing pricing
• Consumer protection: Importance of consumer protection. Consumer rights. Consumer responsibilities. Ways and means of consumer protection-consumer awareness and legal redressal with special reference to the consumer protection act
• Consumer protection: Role of consumer organizations and NGOs
• Entrepreneurship development: Concept, functions, and need. Entrepreneurship characteristics and competencies. Process of entrepreneurship development. Entrepreneurial values, attitudes, and motivation-meaning and concept

Chemistry: Unit 01

• Classification of solids based on different binding forces-molecular, ionic covalent, and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids(elementary idea), unit cell in two-dimensional and three-dimensional lattices, calculation of density of unit cell
• Packing in solids, packing efficiency, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects, electrical and magnetic properties, Band theory of metals, conductors, semiconductors and insulators and n and p-type semiconductors

Chemistry: Unit 02

• Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, the solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, colligative properties-the relative lowering of vapour pressure, Raoult’s law, elevation of B.P
• Depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass, Van't Hoff factor

Chemistry: Unit 03

• Redox reactions; conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch’s law, electrolysis and laws of electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell-electrolytic cells and Galvanic cell
• Lead accumulator, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells
• Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, fuel cells; corrosion

Chemistry: Unit 04

• Rate of a reaction (average and instantaneous), factors affecting rates of reaction-concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction; rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate equations
• And half-life (only for zero and first-order reactions); the concept of collision theory (elementary idea, mathematical treatment)
• Activation energy, Arrhenius equation

Chemistry: Unit 05

• Adsorption-physisorption and chemisorption; factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids; catalysis-homogeneous and heterogeneous, activity and selectivity: enzyme catalysis; colloidal state-the distinction between true solutions
• Adsorption-colloids, and suspensions; lyophilic, lyophobic multimolecular and macromolecular colloids; properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation; emulsions-types of emulsions

Chemistry: Unit 06

• Principles and methods of extraction-concentration, oxidation, reduction electrolytic method, and refining; occurrence and principles of extraction of aluminum, copper, zinc, and iron

Chemistry: Unit 07

• Group 15 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states, trends in physical and chemical properties; nitrogen-preparation, properties, and uses
• Group 15 elements: Compounds of nitrogen-preparation and properties of ammonia and nitric acid; oxides of nitrogen ( structure only); phosphorus-allotropic forms; compounds of phosphorus-preparation and properties of phosphine
• Group 15 elements: Halides (PCl3, PCl5), and oxoacids (elementary idea only)
• Group 16 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties; dioxygen: preparation, properties, and uses; classification of oxides; ozone.
• Group 16 elements: Sulphur-allotropic forms; compounds of sulphur: preparation, properties, and uses of sulphur dioxide; sulphuric acid-industrial process of manufacture, properties and uses, oxoacids of sulphur (structures only)
• Group 17 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties; compounds of halogens: Preparation, properties, and uses of chlorine and hydrochloric acid
• Group 17 elements: Interhalogen compounds, oxoacids of halogens (structures only)
• Group 18 elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, and uses

Chemistry: Unit 08

• General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first-row transition metals-metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour
• Catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation
• Preparation and Properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4
• Lanthanoids-electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity, and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences
• Actinides-electronic configuration, oxidation states, and comparison with lanthanide

Chemistry: Unit 09

• Coordination compounds: Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds, bonding, Werner’s theory VBT, CFT
• Coordination compounds: Isomerism (structural and stereo)importance of coordination compounds (in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals and biological systems)

Chemistry: Unit 10

• Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C-X bond, physical and chemical properties,mechanism of substitution reactions
• Optical rotation
• Haloarenes: Nature of C-X bond, substitution reactions (directive influence of halogen for monosubstituted compounds only)
• Uses and environmental effects of-dichloromethane, trichloromethane, tetrachloromethane, iodoform, freons, DDT

Chemistry: Unit 11

• Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophilic substitution reactions, uses of phenols
• Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses

Chemistry: Unit 12

• Aldehydes and ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilic addition, the reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes; uses
• Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses

Chemistry: Unit 13

• Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, and identification of primary secondary, and tertiary amines
• Cyanides and isocyanides-will be mentioned at relevant places in context
• Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions, and importance in synthetic organic chemistry

Chemistry: Unit 14

• Carbohydrates-classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccharide (glucose and fructose), D-L configuration, oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen)-importance
• Proteins-elementary idea of a-amino acids, peptide bonds, polypeptides, proteins, primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation of proteins; enzymes
• Hormones-elementary idea (excluding structure)
• Vitamins-classification and functions
• Nucleic acids-DNA and RNA

Chemistry: Unit 15

• Classification-natural and synthetic, methods of polymerization (addition and condensation), copolymerization
• Some important polymer-are natural and synthetic like polythene, nylon, polyesters, bakelite, and rubber
• Biodegradable and non-Biodegradable polymers

Chemistry: Unit 16

• Chemicals in medicines-analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids, and antihistamines
• Chemicals In food preservatives, artificial sweetening agents, elementary idea of antioxidants

Computer science: Unit 01

• Exception handling: Syntax errors, exceptions, need for exception handling, user-defined exceptions, raising exceptions, handling exceptions, catching exceptions, try-except else clause, try-finally clause
• Exception handling: Recovering and continuing with finally, built-in exception classes built-in exception classes
• File handling: Text file and binary file, file types, open and close files, reading and writing text files, reading and writing binary files using pickle module, file access modes
• Exception handling: Syntax errors, exceptions, need for exception handling, user-defined exceptions, raising exceptions, handling exceptions, catching exceptions, try-except else clause, try-finally clause, recovering and continuing with finally
• Exception handling: Built-in exception classes

Computer science: Unit 02

• Introduction to database concepts, the difference between database and file system, relational data model: the concept of the domain, tuple, relation, keys-candidate key, primary key, alternate key, foreign key
• Relational algebra: Selection, projection, union, set difference, and cartesian product
• Introduction to database concepts, the difference between database and file system, relational data model-the concept of the domain, tuple, relation, keys-candidate key, primary key, alternate key, foreign key
• Relational algebra-selection, projection, union, set difference, and cartesian product

Computer science: Unit 03

• Advantages of using structured query language, data definition language, data query language, and data manipulation language, introduction to MySQL, creating a database using MySQL, data types
• Data definition: CREATE TABLE, DROP TABLE, ALTER TABLE
• Data query: SELECT, FROM, WHERE
• Data manipulation: INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE
• Math functions: POWER (), ROUND (), MOD ()
• Text functions: UCASE ()/UPPER (), LCASE ()/LOWER (), MID ()/SUBSTRING ()/SUBSTR (), LENGTH (), LEFT (), RIGHT (), INSTR (), LTRIM (), RTRIM (), TRIM ()
• Date functions: NOW (), DATE (), MONTH (), MONTHNAME (), YEAR (), DAY (), DAYNAME ()
• Aggregate functions: MAX (), MIN (), AVG (), SUM (), COUNT (); using COUNT (*)
• Querying and manipulating data using group by, having, and order by
• Operations on relations-union, intersection, minus, Cartesian product, JOIN
• Data definition: CREATE TABLE, DROP TABLE, ALTER TABLE,
• Text functions: UCASE ()/UPPER (), LCASE ()/LOWER (), MID ()/SUBSTRING ()/SUBSTR (),LENGTH (), LEFT (), RIGHT (), INSTR (), LTRIM (), RTRIM (), TRIM ()
• Aggregate functions: MAX (), MIN (), AVG (), SUM (), COUNT (); using COUNT (*). Querying and manipulating data using Group by, Having, and Order by

Computer science: Unit 04

• Introduction to computer networks, evolution of networking
• Network types: LAN, WAN, MAN
• Network devices: Modem, Ethernet Card, Repeater, Hub, Switch, Router, Gateway
• Network topologies: Mesh, Ring, Bus, Star, and Tree topologies
• The basic concept of MAC and IP address
• Difference between Internet and web
• Introduction to computer networks, evolution of networking,

Computer science: Unit 05

• Stack (list implementation): Introduction to stack (LIFO operations), operations on the stack (PUSH and POP), and its implementation in Python
• Expressions in Prefix, Infix, and postfix notations, evaluating arithmetic expressions using stack, conversion of Infix expression to postfix expression

Computer science: Unit 06

• Queue (list implementation): Introduction to queue (FIFO), operations on queue (INSERT and DELETE), and its implementation in Python
• Introduction to DEQueue and its implementation in Python

Computer science: Unit 07

• Searching: Sequential search, binary search, analysis of sequential and binary search
• Dry run to identify best, worst, and average cases
• Implementation of searching techniques in Python

Computer science: Unit 08

• Overview of sorting techniques, bubble sort, selection sort, and insertion sort
• Dry run to identify best, worst, and average cases
• Implementation of sorting techniques in Python
• Hashing: Hash functions, collision resolution, implementing the map abstract data type

Computer science: Unit 09

• Data and its purpose, collection, and organization; understanding data using statistical methods-mean, median, standard deviation, variance; data interpretation; visualization of data

Computer science: Unit 10

• Math functions: POWER (), ROUND (), MOD ().
• Text functions: UCASE ()/UPPER (), LCASE ()/LOWER (), MID ()/SUBSTRING ()/SUBSTR (),LENGTH (), LEFT (), RIGHT (), INSTR (), LTRIM (), RTRIM (), TRIM ()
• Date functions: NOW (), DATE (), MONTH (), MONTHNAME (), YEAR (), DAY (), DAYNAME ()
• Aggregate functions: MAX (), MIN (), AVG (), SUM (), COUNT (); using COUNT (*).Querying and manipulating data using group by, having, and order by
• Operations on relations-union, intersection, minus, Cartesian product, JOIN

Computer science: Unit 11

• Introduction to Python libraries-Pandas, NumPy, Matplotlib
• Data structures in Pandas-series and DataFrames
• Series: Creation of series from-an array, dictionary, scalar value; mathematical operations; head and tail functions; selection, indexing, and slicing
• Boolean indexing; styling & formatting data, head and tail functions; joining, merging, and concatenations
• Importing/ exporting data between CSV files and data frames

Computer science: Unit 12

• Descriptive statistics: max, min, count, sum, mean, median, mode, quartile, standard deviation, variance
• DataFrame operations: Aggregation, group by, sorting, deleting and renaming index, pivoting. Handling missing values-dropping and filling
• Importing/ exporting data between MySQL database and Pandas

Computer science: Unit 13

• Purpose of plotting; drawing and saving the following types of plots using Matplotlib-line plot, bar graph, histogram, pie chart, frequency polygon, box plot, and scatter plot
• Customizing plots: Color, style (dashed, dotted), width; adding label, title, and legend in plots

Computer science: Unit 14

• Introduction to networks, types of networks: LAN, MAN, WAN
• Network devices-modem, hub, switch, repeater, router, gateway network topologies-Star, Bus, Tree, Mesh
• Introduction to internet, URL, www, and its applications-web, email, chat, VoIP
• Website: Introduction, the difference between a website and a webpage, static vs dynamic web page, web server, and hosting of a website
• Web browsers: Introduction, commonly used browsers, browser settings, add-ons and plugins, cookies

Computer science: Unit 15

• Digital footprint, etiquette for net surfing and communicating through social media, data protection, intellectual property rights (IPR) and their violation, plagiarism licensing and copyrights, free and open source software (FOSS)
• Cybercrime and cyber laws, hacking, phishing, cyberbullying, overview of Indian IT act, preventing cyber crime
• Awareness about health concerns related to the usage of technology like effects on eyesight, physiological issues, and ergonomic aspects

Computer science: Unit 16

• Concept of communication, types of data communication, switching techniques
• Communication media: Wired technologies-twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, ethernet cable, optical fibre
• Introduction to mobile telecommunication technologies wireless technologies-bluetooth, WLAN, Infrared, microwave
• Network protocol: Need for protocol, categorization, and examples of protocol, HTTP, FTP, IP, PPP; electronic mail protocol
• Concept of Channel, Bandwidth (Hz, KHz, MHz), and Data Transfer rate (bps, Kbps, Mbps, Gbps, Tbps)

Computer science: Unit 17

• Threats and prevention: Viruses, Worms, Trojan horses, Spam, Cookies, Adware, Firewall, http vs https
• Network security concepts: Firewall, cookies, hackers and crackers
• Network security threats: Denial of service, intrusion problems, snooping, eavesdropping

Economics/Business economics: Unit 01

• What is microeconomics?
• Central problems

Economics/Business economics: Unit 02

• Consumer’s equilibrium-meaning and attainment of equilibrium through utility approach-one and two commodity cases
• Demand-market demand, determinants of demand, demand schedule, demand curve, movement along and shifts in the demand curve, price elasticity of demand, measurement of price elasticity of demand-percentage, total expenditure, and geometric methods

Economics/Business economics: Unit 03

• National income and related aggregates-basic concepts and measurement: Macroeconomics-meaning. Circular flow of income, concepts of GDP, GNP, NDP, NNP (at market price and factor cost)
• Measurement of national income-value added method, income method, and expenditure method
• Determination of income and employment: Aggregate demand, aggregate supply, and their component: Propensity to consume and propensity to save (average and marginal), meaning of involuntary unemployment and full employment
• Determination of income and employment: Two-sector model, concept of investment multiplier and its working, problems of excess and deficient demand, measures to correct excess and deficient demand-availability of credit, change in government spending
• Money and banking Money-meaning, evolution, and functions, central bank-meaning and functions, commercial banks-meaning and functions
• Government budget and the economy: Government budget-meaning and its components, objectives of government budget, classification of receipts-revenue and capital; classification of expenditure-revenue and capital
• Government budget and the economy: Plan and non-plan, and developmental and non-developmental, balanced budget, surplus budget, and deficit budget-meaning and implications
• Government budget and the economy: Revenue deficit, fiscal deficit, and primary deficit: meaning and implications; measures to contain different deficits
• Balance of payments: Foreign exchange rate-meaning (fixed and flexible), merits and demerits; determination through demand and supply
• Balance of payments: Balance of payments accounts-meaning and components, a brief analysis of recent exchange rate issues

Economics/Business economics: Unit 04

• Development experience (1947-90) and economic reforms since 1991: A brief introduction of the state of the Indian economy on the eve of independence. Indian economic system and common goals of Five-year Plans
• Development experience (1947-90) and economic reforms since 1991: Main features, problems, and policies of agriculture (institutional aspects and new agricultural strategy), industry (IPR 1956; SSI-role & importance), and foreign trade
• Current challenges facing the Indian economy: Poverty-absolute and relative; main programmes for poverty alleviation-a critical assessment; human capital formation-how many people become resource; role of human capital in economic development
• Current challenges facing the Indian economy: Employment-growth and changes in the workforce participation rate in formal and informal sectors; problems and policies
• Current challenges facing the Indian economy: Infrastructure-meaning and types-case studies-health-problems and policies-a critical assessment; sustainable economic development-meaning
• Current challenges facing the Indian economy: Effects of economic development on resources and environment, including global warming
• Development experience in India: A comparison with neighbours, India and Pakistan, India and China, issues-economic growth, population, sectoral development, and other human development indicators

Engineering graphics: Unit 01

• Construction of isometric scale showing main divisions of 10mm and smaller divisions of 1mm, also showing the leading angles
• Isometric projection (drawn to isometric scale) of solids such as cubes; regular prisms and pyramids (triangular, square, pentagonal, and hexagonal); cone; cylinder; sphere; hemisphere; keeping the base side of the solid parallel or perpendicular to HP/VP
• The axis of the solid should be either perpendicular to HP/ VP or parallel to HP and VP
• Combination of any two above-mentioned solids keeping the base side parallel or perpendicular to HP/VP and placed centrally together (the axis of both the solids should not be given parallel to HP)

Engineering graphics: Unit 02

• Drawing to full-size scale with instruments
• Introduction of threads: Standard profiles of screw threads-square, Knuckle, B.S.W., Metric (external and internal); bolts-square head, hexagonal head; Nu-square head, hexagonal head; plain washer
• Introduction of threads: A combination of nut and bolt with or without a washer for assembling two parts together

Engineering graphics: Unit 03

• Conventional representation of external and internal threads; types of studs-plain stud, square-neck stud, collar stud; types of rivets-snap head, flat head, pan head (without tapered neck), 600 countersunk flat head

Engineering graphics: Unit 04

• Open-bearing
• Bush-bearing

Engineering graphics: Unit 05

• Cotter joints for round rods (sleeve and cotter joint)
• Cotter-joints for square rods (gib and cotter-joint)

Engineering graphics: Unit 06

• Turnbuckle
• Flange pipe joints are to be shown

Entrepreneurship: Unit 01

• Sensing entrepreneurial opportunities
• Environment Scanning
• Problem Identification
• Idea fields
• Spotting Trends
• Creativity and Innovation
• Selecting the Right Opportunity

Entrepreneurship: Unit 02

• Forms of business organization-sole proprietorship, partnership, company
• Business plan-concept, format
• Components: Organizational plan; operational plan; production plan; financial plan; marketing plan
• Human Resource Planning