Correct Answer: Frustration

Solution : The frustration-aggression hypothesis suggests that aggression is often a result of frustration, which arises when an individual's goal-directed behavior is blocked or thwarted, leading to aggressive responses.

Correct Answer: Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

The assertion is true. Esteem needs, according to Maslow's hierarchy, involve the desire for respect, recognition, and a sense of accomplishment. While financial incentives can play a role in motivating employees, they may not directly fulfill these esteem needs as they are primarily monetary in nature and may not provide the desired sense of recognition and respect.

The reason is true and is the correct explanation for the assertion. Non-financial incentives, such as awards, praise, promotions, challenging assignments, and opportunities for career advancement, can effectively fulfill an employee's esteem needs by providing the recognition and respect they desire. These non-financial incentives often have a more direct impact on an employee's sense of achievement and worth within an organization, aligning with their esteem needs.

Correct Answer: Heavy industrial sector  

Solution : In Nehru's approach to nation-building, the heavy industrial sector was considered crucial for laying the foundation of economic development, as it was seen as a means to modernize the economy and achieve self-reliance.

Correct Answer: Supply and demand determine market prices.

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Supply and demand determine market prices.

Supply and demand determine market prices is an example of positive economics because it describes an economic relationship based on empirical observation and analysis. The statement highlights the role of supply and demand in determining market prices, which is a fundamental concept in economics that can be studied and understood through observation and data analysis.

Correct Answer: Land reforms
 

Solution : The economic reforms taken by government under liberalisation involves-

1. Industrial reforms
2. Financial sector reforms
3. Tax reforms
4. Foreign exchange reforms
5. Trade and Investment policy reforms.

Hence, Option B is correct.

Correct Answer: Statement 1 is false, and Statement 2 is true.

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Statement 1 is false, and Statement 2 is true.

Statement 1 is false: Delegation of authority does not involve assigning tasks without any responsibility. When authority is delegated, along with it comes responsibility for the task or decision being delegated. The individual to whom authority is delegated is responsible for completing the task or making the decision within the defined boundaries.

Statement 2 is true: Delegation does indeed enhance employee growth and development. When employees are given opportunities to take on new responsibilities and tasks through delegation, it can help them develop new skills, gain experience, and increase their confidence and competence in handling different aspects of their job. It can also prepare them for higher-level roles within the organization.

Correct Answer: National Automated Clearing House

Solution : The correct answer is (a) National Automated Clearing House

NACH stands for National Automated Clearing House. It is a centralized electronic payment system in India that facilitates high-volume, low-value transactions such as direct credit, direct debit, and electronic funds transfer (EFT). NACH enables efficient and secure clearing and settlement of transactions between banks and helps in streamlining various payment processes.

Correct Answer: Identification mark

Solution : Code is an identification mark. It means a system of letter or figure with arbitrary meaning for brevity and for machine processing of information. Hence the correct option is 1.

Correct Answer: Deficit financing

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Deficit financing.

When a government borrows money to finance its expenditures, it is referred to as deficit financing. Deficit financing occurs when the government's total expenditures exceed its total revenues, leading to a budget deficit. To cover this deficit, the government borrows money from various sources such as issuing bonds, obtaining loans from domestic or foreign entities, or utilizing other forms of debt.

Correct Answer: Assigning tasks and authority to subordinates

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Assigning tasks and authority to subordinates

Delegation is the process of assigning tasks, responsibilities, and authority to subordinates or team members within an organization. It entails entrusting others with specific tasks and granting them the necessary authority to carry out those tasks effectively. This can help distribute workloads, empower employees, and promote efficiency within the organization. It does not aim to centralize decision-making or reduce employee motivation, but rather to distribute tasks and responsibilities appropriately.