Correct Answer: Total Assets

Solution : The proprietary ratio illustrates how the funds of the proprietor (shareholders) compare to the total assets.

Hence, the correct answer is option 2.

Correct Answer: Natural environment

Solution : The correct answer is (C) Natural environment

The natural environment involves the study of the impact of natural resources and ecological factors on businesses. This includes considerations related to environmental sustainability, climate change, the availability of natural resources, and the ecological impact of business operations. Understanding and addressing these factors is crucial for businesses as environmental concerns and regulations become more significant.

Correct Answer: Both Assertion A and reason R are correct but the reason R is the correct explanation of Assertion A

Solution : Answer = Both Assertion A and reason R are correct but reason R is the correct explanation of Assertion A

The account is frequently required to select from a variety of options, such as the depreciation technique or the inventory value method, among others. The financial statement is consequently biased because personal judgment is inherently subjective.
Hence, the correct option is 2.

Correct Answer: A is true, but R is false.
 

Solution : The debt-equity ratio serves as a gauge for how equally creditors and owners or shareholders contributed to the capital used by the company. The debt-equity ratio is the simple ratio of all long-term debt and equity capital in the company.
The debt-equity ratio describes the relationship between a company's short-term debt and equity share capital.
Hence, the correct option is 3.

Correct Answer: The assertion is incorrect, the reason is correct.

Solution : The correct answer is (d) The assertion is incorrect, the reason is correct.

The assertion is incorrect. Fayol's 14 principles of management are not based on hypothetical research but are derived from his observations and experiences as a successful manager and are widely accepted in management theory.

The reason is correct and explains the assertion. Fayol formulated these principles based on practical experiences and observations during his managerial career, making them valuable guidelines for effective management practices. Thus, the reason is a correct explanation for the assertion.

Correct Answer:

(A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (II)

Solution : Authority is the right to perform or command. It is one's responsibility to finish the assigned assignment. A subordinate's responsibility is to carry out the specified task correctly. Accountability is the final step of the delegation process and arises from responsibility. The link between a superior and a subordinate is established by delegation. It also has a direct bearing on the scope and distribution of authority. Authority establishes who is required to report to whom, which explains why. (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)

Correct Answer: Decreases public confidence in media
 

Solution : Media surveillance can decrease public confidence in media, as excessive intrusion and sensationalism can lead to skepticism about the reliability and motives of news outlets.

Correct Answer: Analyzing the distribution of wealth 

Solution : A key focus of studying class dynamics in social history is analyzing the distribution of wealth and resources among different social classes.

Correct Answer: D

Solution : The correct arrangement of sentences is: BCAD

B- This is the opening line of the paragraph which establishes the idea of deficiency mitigation

C- C and B form a mandatory pair. Here ‘this modification refers to deficiency mitigation.

A- This is the concluding sentence of the paragraph.

D-This sentence further elaborates about the triumph of this programme.

Correct Answer: The equal treatment of all religions by the state

Solution : In the Indian Constitution, the concept of secularism implies the equal treatment of all religions by the state. It ensures that the state does not favor or discriminate against any religion and upholds the religious freedom of all citizens.