Correct Answer: Measurable and specific goals

Solution : The correct answer is (c) Measurable and specific goals

Measurable and specific goals is a key characteristic of effective planning. Goals should be clear, specific, and measurable to provide a concrete target for the organization. Measurable goals allow for tracking progress and assessing the success of the plan.

In summary, ABC Educational Institute should consider setting measurable and specific goals as a characteristic of effective planning. This ensures clarity, accountability, and the ability to assess progress toward the desired outcomes.

Correct Answer: Click on the cell to be aligned -> Choose the Cell option from the Format menu. The Format cells dialog box appears -> Choose the alignment tab -> Click to open the drop-down box associated with the horizontal field. After the drop-down box is opened, select the desired alignment as Right, Left or Center -> Click OK to close the dialog box

Solution : Following is the procedure for aligning cell content using the menu:
Click on the cell to be aligned -> Choose the Cell option from the Format menu. The Format cells dialog box appears -> Choose the alignment tab -> Click to open the drop-down box associated with the horizontal field. After the drop-down box is opened, select the desired alignment as Right, Left or Center -> Click OK to close the dialog box
Hence, the correct option is 1.

Correct Answer: The higher the ratio, the less secure the lender is in respect of payment of interest regularly.

Solution : Answer = The higher the ratio, the less secure the lender is in respect of payment of interest regularly.

The higher the ratio, the less secure the lender is in respect of payment of interest regularly; in fact, it is more secure the lender is in respect of payment of interest regularly. The interest coverage ratio measures a company's ability to meet its interest payments on its debts. A higher interest coverage ratio indicates that a company has more financial flexibility to meet its debt obligations, which is favourable for investors and creditors.
Hence, the correct option is 4.

Correct Answer: Equity
 

Solution : According to this principal there should be not be any discrimination among the employees on the basis of religion, language, caste, sex, believe or nationality.

Hence, Option A is correct.

Correct Answer: India- 1991, Pakistan- 1988, China- 1978
 

Solution : The reforms were introduced in the economies in India- 1991, Pakistan- 1988, China- 1978.
Hence option D is correct.

Correct Answer: Enhanced innovation

Solution : The correct answer is (d) Enhanced innovation

Shifting to a divisional structure in Citywide Services can lead to enhanced innovation. In a divisional structure, different divisions or units often operate with a degree of autonomy. This autonomy can foster innovation within each division, as they have the freedom to tailor their approaches and solutions to the specific needs and challenges they face. Different divisions can focus on innovation that is most relevant to their particular functions or services.

Correct Answer: Statement 1 is correct, and statement 2 is false.

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Statement 1 is correct, and statement 2 is false.

Statement 1 is correct. Physical distribution encompasses a range of activities related to the efficient movement and management of goods, including order processing, inventory management, transportation, and warehousing.

Statement 2 is false. Physical distribution plays a significant role in customer satisfaction and business efficiency. Efficient order processing, timely delivery, proper inventory management, and smooth transportation are all essential components that directly influence customer satisfaction and business efficiency.

Correct Answer: Increase in income inequality

Solution : Correct Option: Option 3
Explanation: A significant impact of the adoption of capitalism on the populations of post-communist regimes was an increase in income inequality, as the transition to a market economy created disparities in wealth and opportunities.

Correct Answer: 4

Solution : The correct answer is (b) 4

The marginal utility of $\mathrm{X}$ is the change in utility that results from consuming an additional unit of $\mathrm{X}$. In this case, the consumer's utility function is $\mathrm{U}=$ $\mathrm{X}^{\wedge} 0.5 \mathrm{Y}^{\wedge} 0.5$. When $\mathrm{X}=16$ and $\mathrm{Y}=9$, the consumer's utility is $\mathrm{U}=16^{\wedge} 0.5^*$ $9^{\wedge} 0.5=4 * 3=12$. If the consumer consumes one more unit of $X$, then $X=17$ and $\mathrm{Y}=9$. The consumer's utility will now be $\mathrm{U}=17^{\wedge} 0.5 * 9^{\wedge} 0.5=4.12 * 3=$ 12.48. The change in utility is $12.48-12=0.48$. Therefore, the marginal utility of $\mathrm{X}$ is $0.48 / 1=0.48=4$.

Correct Answer: The caste system is hereditary, while the class system is based on individual      achievement.

Solution :  The caste system is hereditary and rigid, with social status determined by birth. In contrast, the class system is more flexible and based on individual achievement and economic status.