Correct Answer: By shifting towards sustainable and organic cotton production

Solution : The cotton textiles industry has adapted to environmental concerns by shifting towards sustainable and organic cotton production, which reduces the use of harmful chemicals and promotes environmentally friendly practices.

Correct Answer: Both assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
 

Solution : The correct answer is (b) Both assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.

The assertion is true. Debentures can be issued at par, at a premium, or at a discount, depending on the terms set by the issuing company and the market conditions. If the issue price is higher than the face value, it is issued at a premium.

The reason is true, but it is not the correct explanation of the assertion regarding the premium. The reason is a separate characteristic of debentures, stating that they are unsecured and not backed by specific collateral. This doesn't directly explain why debentures might be issued at a premium, which is influenced by various market and financial considerations.

Correct Answer: Cultural pollution

Solution : Cultural pollution is not a recognized type of environmental pollution. The main types include air, water, soil, noise, light, and thermal pollution.

Correct Answer: Unexpected

Solution : Option 3 is the correct answer.

Bolt from the blue means a complete surprise or something that is totally unexpected.

eg: The result of the election came as a bolt from the blue.

Correct Answer:

An assertion that, despite one's approach seeming random, there actually is a structure to it.

Solution :

The phrase means “A firm belief and affirmation that, despite one's approach seeming random, there actually is a structure to it."

Correct Answer: Fossil fuels

Solution : The correct answer is (D) Fossil fuels

Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, are considered conventional energy sources. They have been widely used for many years and are derived from ancient organic materials. Fossil fuels are burned to produce heat or generate electricity and have been the dominant source of energy for various sectors, including transportation, industry, and residential use.

Correct Answer: An American spy plane shot down over the Soviet Union  

Solution : The U-2 incident in 1960 involved an American U-2 spy plane being shot down over Soviet airspace, leading to a significant diplomatic crisis between the US and the Soviet Union.  

Correct Answer: Separate files

Solution : The database system is made up of numerous parts. It specifies and controls how data is gathered, stored, managed, and used in a database system. Data, software, procedures, people, and hardware make up a database system.

Hence the correct answer is option 2.

Correct Answer: 57,200 per quarter

Solution : Answer = 57,200 per quarter

Interest on drawings=Drawings$\times \frac{Rate}{100} \times \frac{Average time}{12}$.
8580=Drawings$\times \frac{10}{100} \times \frac{4.5}{12}$.
Drawings=2,28,800.
Hence, the correct option is 2.

Correct Answer: Rs. 20,500

Solution : The answer is 20500
Surplus = Income - Expenditure
4500 = Income - 16000
Income = 20500
Hence, the correct option is 1.