Correct Answer: Soil erosion

Solution : Soil erosion is a type of land degradation where the topsoil is worn away by natural forces like water and wind or human activities.

Correct Answer: Insufficient capital investment

Solution : The correct answer is (d) Insufficient capital investment

Disguised unemployment refers to a situation where more people are engaged in a task or job than required, leading to underutilization of labor without a corresponding increase in productivity. It is typically observed in sectors or activities where there is surplus labor, and individuals could be removed from the workforce without affecting overall output. Factors such as lack of job opportunities, underutilization of labor, and overstaffing in a sector can contribute to disguised unemployment, but insufficient capital investment is not directly related to this concept.

Correct Answer: have we

Solution :

The correct answer is option 4.

We have not ordered yet, have we?

Explanation:

We need to use positive question tags if the statement is negative.

A subject pronoun comes after an auxiliary verb.

Here the subject pronoun is "we".

Hence the correct sentence is 

We have not ordered yet, have we?

Correct Answer: Increase in political competition

Solution : The participatory upsurge in the 1990s led to an increase in political competition, with more parties and candidates participating in elections and a more active electorate.

Correct Answer: INR 7,200

Solution : The correct answer is  (D) INR 7200

To calculate the aggregate demand (AD), we can substitute the given values of consumption (C), investment (I), government spending (G), exports (X), and imports (M) into the aggregate demand equation.

Given: C = INR 3,500, I = INR 2,000, G = INR 1,500, X = INR 800, M = INR 600

Substituting these values into the aggregate demand equation, we get:

AD = C + I + G + X - M

AD = 3500 + 2000 + 1500 + 800 - 600

AD = 7200

Therefore, the aggregate demand is INR 7,200.

Correct Answer: More fast twitch and less slow twitch

Solution :

There are three main muscle fibres. Fast twitch fibres are much better at generating short bursts of strength than slow twitch fibre muscle. Thus, greater percentage of fast twitch fibres, faster is the individual.

Correct Answer: Learning from colleagues at work

Solution : The correct answer is (d) L

earning from colleagues at work. On-the-job training refers to the process of acquiring knowledge, skills, and experience while performing job duties and tasks within the actual work environment. It involves learning from more experienced colleagues, supervisors, or mentors who provide guidance, instruction, and hands-on training.

On-the-job training, on the other hand, occurs within the work setting and involves learning from colleagues who have practical experience and can provide guidance, support, and hands-on instruction related to the specific job requirements.

Correct Answer: Both statements are true
 

Solution : The correct answer is (a) Both statements are true.

Statement 1 is true because effective leadership is indeed essential for successful management. Leadership is a critical element of the management process as it involves guiding, influencing, and inspiring individuals and teams to work towards achieving organizational goals.

Statement 2 is also true because leaders typically inspire and motivate employees to achieve organizational goals. Effective leaders often play a central role in creating a vision, fostering commitment, and driving motivation within an organization, which is essential for its success.

Correct Answer: In early childhood

Solution : Developmental disorders typically manifest in early childhood and are characterized by developmental delays or abnormalities in physical, cognitive, social, or emotional development.

Correct Answer: The economic benefits resulting from a young and growing population

Solution : The correct answer is (b) The economic benefits resulting from a young and growing population.

The demographic dividend occurs when a country experiences a decline in fertility rates, resulting in a relatively large working-age population compared to the dependent population (children and elderly). This demographic shift can create a favorable demographic structure that presents opportunities for economic growth and development.

Overall, the demographic dividend refers to the economic advantages that can arise from a youthful population structure, provided appropriate investments are made in education, health, skills development, and employment opportunities to harness the potential of the working-age population.